Protein kinase C delta type (or PKC-δ) is an

enzyme Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKCD''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

Function

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by the second messenger

diacylglycerol A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages. Two possible forms exist, 1,2-diacylglycerols and 1,3-diacylglycerols. DAGs can act as s ...

. PKC family members

phosphorylate In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, ...

a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. PKC family members also serve as major receptors for

phorbol Phorbol is a natural, plant-derived organic compound. It is a member of the tigliane family of diterpenes. Phorbol was first isolated in 1934 as the hydrolysis product of croton oil, which is derived from the seeds of the purging croton, ''Croton ...

esters, a class of

tumor A neoplasm () is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue. The process that occurs to form or produce a neoplasm is called neoplasia. The growth of a neoplasm is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue, and persists ...

promoters. Each member of the PKC family has a specific expression profile and is believed to play distinct roles in cells. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the PKC family members. Studies both in human and mice demonstrate that this kinase is involved in B cell signaling and in the regulation of growth, apoptosis, and differentiation of a variety of cell types. Protein kinase C delta is also regulated by phosphorylation on various serine/threonine (e.g. T50, T141, S304, T451, T505, S506, T507, S643, S664) and tyrosine residues including Y311 (by SRC).

Interactions

PRKCD has been shown to interact with: *

C1QBP Complement component 1 Q subcomponent-binding protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''C1QBP'' gene. The human complement subcomponent C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the seru ...

, *

HER2/neu Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ERBB2'' gene. ERBB is abbreviated from erythroblastic oncogene B, a gene originally isolated from the avian genome. The human protein is also frequently refer ...

, * INSR, *

MUC1 Mucin short variant S1, also called polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), is a mucin encoded by the ''MUC1'' gene in humans. Mucin short variant S1 is a glycoprotein with extensive O-linked glycosylation of its e ...

, *

mTOR The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also referred to as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, and sometimes called FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 (FRAP1), is a kinase that in humans is encoded by the ''MTOR'' gene. ...

, *

PLD2 Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PLD2'' gene. Function Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. Activation of PC-specifi ...

, *

PTPN6 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN6'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member ...

, *

PTPRM Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRM'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. Protein tyrosine phosphatases a ...

, * PDPK1, *

RASGRP3 Ras guanyl-releasing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RASGRP3'' gene. Function Members of the RAS (see HRAS; MIM 190020) subfamily of GTPases function in signal transduction as GTP/GDP-regulated switches that cycle bet ...

, *

SHC1 SHC-transforming protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SHC1'' gene. SHC has been found to be important in the regulation of apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of pro ...

and *

STAT1 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the ''STAT1'' gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. Function All STAT molecules are phosphorylated by receptor associ ...

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading