The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to domestic violence:

Domestic violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner ...

– pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an

intimate relationship An intimate relationship is an interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy. Although an intimate relationship is commonly a sexual relationship, it may also be a non-sexual relationship involving family, friends, or ...

, such as marriage, dating, family, or cohabitation. It is also known as domestic abuse, spousal abuse, battering, family violence, and intimate partner violence (IPV).

What ''type'' of thing is domestic violence?

Domestic violence can be described as all of the following: *

Violence Violence is the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy. Other definitions are also used, such as the World Health Organization's definition of violence as "the intentional use of physical force or Power (social and p ...

– use of physical force to apply a state to others contrary to their wishes and may include some combination of verbal,

emotional Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus on a definition. E ...

economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...

physical Physical may refer to: *Physical examination In a physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination, a medical practitioner examines a patient for any possible medical signs or symptoms of a medical condition. It generally co ...

and

sexual abuse Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another. Molestation often refers to an instance of sexual assa ...

. *

Coercive Control Coercion () is compelling a party to act in an involuntary manner by the use of threats, including threats to use force against a party. It involves a set of forceful actions which violate the free will of an individual in order to induce a desi ...

– Braiker identified the following ways that manipulators control their victims:Braiker, Harriet B. (2004) ''Who's Pulling Your Strings? How to Break The Cycle of Manipulation'' . **

Positive reinforcement In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher freq ...

praise Praise as a form of social interaction expresses recognition, reassurance or admiration. Praise is expressed verbally as well as by body language (facial expression and gestures). Verbal praise consists of a positive evaluations of another's a ...

superficial charm Superficial charm (or insincere charm) refers to the social act of saying or doing things because they are well received by others, rather than what one actually believes or wants to do. It is sometimes referred to as "telling people what they w ...

, superficial

sympathy Sympathy is the perception of, understanding of, and reaction to the distress or need of another life form. According to David Hume, this sympathetic concern is driven by a switch in viewpoint from a personal perspective to the perspective of ano ...

(

crocodile tears Crocodile tears, or superficial sympathy, is a false, insincere display of emotion such as a hypocrite crying fake tears of grief. The phrase derives from an ancient belief that crocodiles shed tears while consuming their prey, and as such is pr ...

), excessive apologizing; money, approval, gifts; attention, facial expressions such as a forced laugh or smile; public recognition. **

Negative reinforcement In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence applied that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher freq ...

: removing one from a negative situation as a reward. For example: "You won't have to walk home if you allow me to do this to you." ** Intermittent or partial reinforcement: partial or intermittent negative reinforcement can create an effective climate of fear and doubt. Partial or intermittent positive reinforcement can encourage the victim to persist. **

Punishment Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a response and deterrent to a particular acti ...

: berating, yelling, refusing to speak to partner, intimidation, threats,

swearing Profanity, also known as cursing, cussing, swearing, bad language, foul language, obscenities, expletives or vulgarism, is a socially offensive use of language. Accordingly, profanity is language use that is sometimes deemed impolite, rud ...

emotional blackmail Emotional blackmail and FOG are terms popularized by psychotherapist Susan Forward about controlling people in relationships and the theory that fear, obligation and guilt (FOG) are the transactional dynamics at play between the controller and th ...

, the

guilt Guilt may refer to: *Guilt (emotion), an emotion that occurs when a person feels that they have violated a moral standard *Culpability, a legal term *Guilt (law), a legal term Music *Guilt (album), ''Guilt'' (album), a 2009 album by Mims *Guilt ( ...

trap, sulking, crying, and playing the victim. ** Traumatic one-trial learning: verbal abuse, explosive anger, or other intimidating behavior to establish dominance or superiority; even one incident of such behavior can condition or train victims to avoid upsetting, confronting or contradicting the manipulator. *

Oppression Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power, often under the guise of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. Oppression may be overt or covert, depending on how it is practiced. Oppression refers to discrimination w ...

– exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner. It can also be defined as an act or instance of oppressing, the state of being oppressed, and the feeling of being heavily burdened, mentally or physically, by troubles, adverse conditions, and anxiety. Abusers usually humiliate and brainwash the victim verbally, in which the victims may find themselves devalued with emotional distress. The intention is to exploit and dominate in depriving the victim of their most basic rights and needs. * Extreme criticism constantly - This is one of the most serious

emotional abuse Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus on a definition. E ...

issues. Abusers will use many

brainwashing Brainwashing (also known as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, and forced re-education) is the concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled by certain psychological techniques. Brainwash ...

techniques to make the victims question themselves upon their guilt – this may lead to the victims suffering from

Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental and behavioral disorder that can develop because of exposure to a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, warfare, traffic collisions, child abuse, domestic violence, or other threats on ...

. Abusers often like to criticise the victims either directly or indirectly. The intention of such an act is to make the victim lose their confidence and doubt their abilities so that they look to their abuser to give them the validation they need. Abusers may also leave the victims isolated from their family and friends and many of them resulted in

mental distress Mental distress or psychological distress encompasses the symptoms and experiences of a person's internal life that are commonly held to be troubling, confusing or out of the ordinary. Mental distress can potentially lead to a change of behavior, a ...

like feeling ashamed, terrified and hurt.

Prevalence

Epidemiology of domestic violence –

occurs across the world, in various cultures, and affects people across society, irrespective of economic status or gender.

Forms

The following table includes the forms of violence typically defined as part of

Intimate partner violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. IPV can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic and sex ...

, which is domestic violence in an intimate relationship by one's spouse or lover. It also includes a column for other family members or partners. The rate of occurrence varies considerably based upon one's country, socio-economic class, culture, religion, family history and other factors.

Victims

Domestic violence affects people across society, irrespective of age, gender, sexual orientation, culture, religion or socio-economic status. Stop Abuse For Everyone (SAFE), a

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

domestic violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner ...

organization, advocates for an "inclusive" model of domestic violence, focusing on groups that are "lacking in services", such as abused men, gay, lesbian, intersex, and transgender victims, and the elderly.

Women

Some forms of domestic violence are unique to women victims: * Bride-buying *

Domestic violence and pregnancy Pregnancy when coupled with domestic violence is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) where health risks may be amplified. Abuse during pregnancy, whether physical, verbal or emotional, produces many adverse physical and psychological effe ...

Domestic violence in lesbian relationships Domestic violence within lesbian relationships is the pattern of violent and coercive behavior in a female same-sex relationship wherein a lesbian or other non-heterosexual woman seeks to control the thoughts, beliefs, or conduct of her female ...

Misogyny Misogyny () is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women. It is a form of sexism that is used to keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the societal roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been widely practiced fo ...

, the hate and contempt of women and girls

Men

Male victims of domestic abuse: *

Domestic violence against men Domestic violence against men is violence or other physical abuse towards men in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation. As with domestic violence against women, violence against men may constitute a crime, but laws vary betwee ...

Misandry Misandry () is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men. Men's rights activists and other masculinist groups have criticized modern laws concerning divorce, domestic violence, the draft, circumcision (known as genital mutilation ...

, the hate and contempt of men and boys A large study, compiled by Martin S. Fiebert, shows that women are as likely to be abusive to men, but the men are less likely to be hurt. However, he noted, men are seriously injured in 38% of the cases in which "extreme aggression" is used. Fiebert additionally noted that his work was not meant to minimize the serious effects of men who abuse women. * ''First published as'': * ''Second version published as'': * ''Third version published as'': * ''Fourth version published as'': Available to download as a word documen
here.
/ref> Women are far more likely to use weapons, such as throwing a plate or firing a gun. The

National Institute of Justice The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the United States Department of Justice. NIJ, along with the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), Office of Juvenil ...

(NIJ) contends that a national survey, supported by NIJ, the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency, under the Department of Health and Human Services, and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgi ...

, and the

Bureau of Justice Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) of the U.S. Department of Justice is the principal federal agency responsible for measuring crime, criminal victimization, criminal offenders, victims of crime, correlates of crime, and the operation of crim ...

that examined more serious assaults, does not support the conclusion of similar rates of male and female spousal assaults. This survey was conducted within a safety or crime context and found more partner abuse by men against women.Measuring Intimate Partner (Domestic) Violence
National Institute of Justice. Retrieved November 21, 2011. A study published in the Violence & Victims Journal Vol. 1 concluded that a feminist analysis of Domestic Abuse was necessary to combat common misconceptions. The study found that 92% of women who used violence against their male partners were in self-defense, and that violence reciprocated by victims may be an integral part of abuse

victimology Victimology is the study of victimization, including the psychological effects on victims, the relationship between victims and offenders, the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system—that is, the police and courts, and c ...

LGBT

Abuse in same-sex relationships is under-researched area of domestic violence, with a very wide range of prevalence estimates, and with fewer resources available for shelter and counseling.''Ten Things Lesbians Should Discuss with their Health Care Providers.''
Gay and Lesbian Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-12-28. *

Domestic violence in same-sex relationships Domestic violence in same-sex relationships is a pattern of violence or abuse that occurs within same-sex relationships. Domestic violence is an issue that affects people of any sexuality, but there are issues that affect victims of same-sex domes ...

Children

Within a family, children may be victims of domestic

child abuse Child abuse (also called child endangerment or child maltreatment) is physical, sexual, and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to a ...

in various ways: * Parental bullying of children, where a parent is overly aggressive towards his or her child *

Narcissistic parent A narcissistic parent is a parent affected by narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder. Typically, narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively close to their children and are threatened by their children's growing independence. Thi ...

, where the child is considered to exist to fulfill the parent's wishes and needs *

Sibling abuse Sibling abuse includes the physical, psychological, or sexual abuse of one sibling by another. More often than not, the younger sibling is abused by the older sibling, however this is not always the case. Sibling abuse is the most common of famil ...

, where one sibling is abusive towards another sibling A child may be affected by domestic violence even when the child is not the direct target: *

Effects of domestic violence on children The effects of domestic violence on children have a tremendous impact on the well-being and developmental growth of children witnessing it. Children who witness domestic violence in the home often believe that they are to blame, live in a constant ...

Parents and the elderly

Domestic violence can also be perpetrated by children against their parents: *

Parental abuse by children Abuse of parents by their children, also known as child-to-parent violence (CPV), is a form of domestic violence, and is one of the most under-reported and under-researched subject areas in the field of psychology. Parents are quite often subject ...

, also known as ''child-to-parent violence'' *

Elder abuse Elder abuse (also called "elder mistreatment", "senior abuse", "abuse in later life", "abuse of older adults", "abuse of older women", and "abuse of older men") is "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any rela ...

, domestic violence against older people

Research concepts

Measurement instruments

* Conflict tactics scale – research method for identifying intimate partner violence by measuring the conflict tactic behaviors.

Theoretical constructs

Cycle of abuse The cycle of abuse is a social cycle theory developed in 1979 by Lenore E. Walker to explain patterns of behavior in an abusive relationship. The phrase is also used more generally to describe any set of conditions which perpetuate abusive an ...

–

social cycle theory Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology. Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory ...

to explain patterns of behavior of a violent intimate relationship: Tension building phase, acting-out phase, reconciliation / honeymoon phase, and calm phase, which leads back to the tension building phase.Walker, Lenore E. (1979) ''The Battered Woman''. New York: Harper and Row. *

Cycle of violence The term cycle of violence refers to repeated and dangerous acts of violence as a cyclical pattern,violence Violence is the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage, or destroy. Other definitions are also used, such as the World Health Organization's definition of violence as "the intentional use of physical force or Power (social and p ...

as a cyclical pattern, associated with high emotions and doctrines of retribution or

revenge Revenge is committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. Francis Bacon described revenge as a kind of "wild justice" that "does... offend the law ndputteth the law out of office." Pr ...

. The pattern, or cycle, repeats and can happen many times during a relationship. Each phase may last a different length of time and over time the level of violence may increase. ** Intergenerational cycle of violence – violence that is passed from father to son or daughter, parent to child, or sibling to sibling. *

– the hatred or dislike of

men A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chrom ...

boy A boy is a young male human. The term is commonly used for a child or an adolescent. When a male human reaches adulthood, he is described as a man. Definition, etymology, and use According to the ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary'', a boy is "a ...

s, which manifests like Misogyny. *

– the hatred or dislike of

women A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or Adolescence, adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female hum ...

girls A girl is a young female human, usually a child or an adolescent. When a girl becomes an adult, she is accurately described as a ''woman''. However, the term ''girl'' is also used for other meanings, including ''young woman'',Dictionary.c ...

, may be manifested in varying degrees of intensity, like teaching girls or women to feel self-contempt or violence. *

Relational disorder According to Michael First of the DSM-5 working committee the focus of a relational disorder, in contrast to other DSM-IV disorders, "is on the relationship rather than on any one individual in the relationship".Michael B. First, MD. A Research Ag ...

– dysfunction within a relationship, versus being specific to a specific individual's dysfunction.Michael B. First, MD. A Research Agenda for DSM-V: ''Summary of the DSM-V Preplanning White Papers''. Published in May 2002.

Partner dynamics

* Situational couple violence – arises infrequently out of conflicts that escalate to arguments and then to violence, rather than a general pattern of control. It is likely the most common type of intimate partner violence. Women are "almost as likely" as men to be abusers, however, women are more likely to be physically injured, require police intervention and become fearful of their mates.''A Sociologist's Perspective on Domestic Violence,''
''A Conversation with Michael Johnson, Ph.D.'' Theodora Ooms, interviewer. Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP). p. 3. Retrieved November 20, 2011. * Intimate terrorism (IT) – pattern of ongoing control using emotional, physical and other forms of domestic violence. It is what was traditionally the definition of domestic violence depicted in the "Power and Control Wheel" which illustrates the different and inter-related forms of abuse. * Violent resistance (VR), or "

self-defense Self-defense (self-defence primarily in Commonwealth English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in ...

" – violence perpetrated by victims against their abusive partners. It is generally used infrequently because, men are often better able to physically overpower women. * Common couple violence (CCV) –

"in which conflict occasionally gets ‘out of hand,’ leading usually to ‘minor’ forms of violence, and rarely escalates into serious or life-threatening forms of violence." * Mutual violent control (MVC) – rare type of intimate partner violence that occurs when both partners act in a violent manner, battling for control.

Impacts

The incidence of abuse may result in the following: *

– dysfunctions in the physical, behavioral, emotional, and social areas of life which affect their

well-being Well-being, or wellbeing, also known as wellness, prudential value or quality of life, refers to what is intrinsically valuable relative ''to'' someone. So the well-being of a person is what is ultimately good ''for'' this person, what is in th ...

child development Child development involves the Human development (biology), biological, developmental psychology, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into 3 stages o ...

, teen dating experiences, future domestic situations and mortality. *

Mental illness A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

Shipway, Lynn. (2004). ''Domestic violence: a handbook for health professionals.'' New York: Routledge. .Mayhew, P.; Mirlees-Black, C.; Percy, A. (1996) ''The 1996 British Crime Survey England & Wales.'' Home Office. –

psychological Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts. It is an academic discipline of immense scope, crossing the boundaries between t ...

behavioral Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as well ...

pattern generally associated with subjective distress or

disability Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. Disabilities may be Cognitive disability, cognitive, Developmental disability, dev ...

that occurs in an individual, and which is not a part of

normal Normal(s) or The Normal(s) may refer to: Film and television * ''Normal'' (2003 film), starring Jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson * ''Normal'' (2007 film), starring Carrie-Anne Moss, Kevin Zegers, Callum Keith Rennie, and Andrew Airlie * ''Norma ...

development Development or developing may refer to: Arts *Development hell, when a project is stuck in development *Filmmaking, development phase, including finance and budgeting *Development (music), the process thematic material is reshaped *Photographi ...

culture Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tyl ...

. Such a disorder may consist of a combination of

affective Affect, in psychology, refers to the underlying experience of feeling, emotion or mood. History The modern conception of affect developed in the 19th century with Wilhelm Wundt. The word comes from the German ''Gefühl'', meaning "feeling." ...

behavior Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment. These systems can include other systems or organisms as wel ...

al,

cognitive Cognition refers to "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, ...

and

perceptual Perception () is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sense, sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment. All perception involves signals that go through the nervous ...

components. **

Battered person syndrome Battered woman syndrome (BWS) is a pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by a woman who has suffered persistent intimate partner violence: whether psychological, physical, or sexual, from her male partner. It is classified in the ICD-9 (code ) ...

– physical and

psychological condition A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

victims of domestic abuse, which may be manifested as a type of

(PTSD), from an ongoing

. **

Self-harm Self-harm is intentional behavior that is considered harmful to oneself. This is most commonly regarded as direct injury of one's own skin tissues usually without a suicidal intention. Other terms such as cutting, self-injury and self-mutilatio ...

– intentional, direct injuring of body tissue most often done without

suicidal Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and subs ...

intentions. *

Suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and s ...

, – act of intentionally causing one's own

death Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. For organisms with a brain, death can also be defined as the irreversible cessation of functioning of the whole brain, including brainstem, and brain ...

. Suicide is often committed out of despair or attributed to some underlying

mental disorder A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

, such as depression,

bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that last from days to weeks each. If the elevated mood is severe or associated with ...

schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Major symptoms include hallucinations (typically hearing voices), delusions, and disorganized thinking. Other symptoms include social withdra ...

alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol (drug), alcohol that results in significant Mental health, mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognize ...

, or

drug abuse Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods which are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder. Differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, ...

. **

Self-immolation The term self-immolation broadly refers to acts of altruistic suicide, otherwise the giving up of one's body in an act of sacrifice. However, it most often refers specifically to autocremation, the act of sacrificing oneself by setting oneself o ...

– setting oneself on

fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition ...

, often as a form of protest or for the purposes of

martyrdom A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external ...

suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and s ...

Legal

Domestic violence court Specialized domestic violence courts are designed to improve victim safety and enhance defendant accountability. There is no one set definition of a specialized violence court, although these types of courts can be either civil or criminal and ty ...

– specialized courts designed to improve victim safety and enhance defendant accountability, created in response to frustration among victim advocates, judges and attorneys who saw the same litigants cycling through the justice system repeatedly. * Evidence-based prosecution of domestic violence – prosecutors aggressively trying domestic violence cases, basing their cases on evidence rather than victim cooperation, resulting in higher conviction rates. *

Injunction An injunction is a legal and equitable remedy in the form of a special court order that compels a party to do or refrain from specific acts. ("The court of appeals ... has exclusive jurisdiction to enjoin, set aside, suspend (in whole or in pa ...

–

equitable remedy Equitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VIII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law. Equitable remedies were gran ...

in the form of a

court order A court order is an official proclamation by a judge (or panel of judges) that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing, a trial, an appeal or other court proceedings. Such ruling requires or authorizes the carrying out o ...

that requires a party to do or refrain from doing certain acts. A party that fails to comply with an injunction faces criminal or

civil penalties A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a Codification (law), codification of legislation, regulations, and decrees. The civil fine ...

and may have to pay damages or accept sanctions. In some cases, breaches of injunctions are considered serious criminal offenses that merit arrest and possible prison sentences. *

Restraining order A restraining order or protective order, is an order used by a court to protect a person in a situation involving alleged domestic violence, child abuse, assault, harassment, stalking, or sexual assault. Restraining and personal protection or ...

– requires a party to do, or to refrain from doing, certain acts. A party that refuses to comply with an order faces criminal or civil penalties and may have to pay damages or accept sanctions. Breaches of restraining orders can be considered serious criminal offences that merit arrest and possible prison sentences. The term is most commonly used in reference to

harassment Harassment covers a wide range of behaviors of offensive nature. It is commonly understood as behavior that demeans, humiliates or embarrasses a person, and it is characteristically identified by its unlikelihood in terms of social and moral ...

stalking Stalking is unwanted and/or repeated surveillance by an individual or group toward another person. Stalking behaviors are interrelated to harassment and intimidation and may include following the victim in person or monitoring them. The ter ...

sexual assault Sexual assault is an act in which one intentionally sexually touches another person without that person's consent, or coerces or physically forces a person to engage in a sexual act against their will. It is a form of sexual violence, which ...

. *

Battered woman defense Battered woman syndrome (BWS) is a pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by a woman who has suffered persistent intimate partner violence: whether psychological, physical, or sexual, from her male partner. It is classified in the ICD-9 (code ) ...

– a self-defense measure used in court that the person accused of an

assault An assault is the act of committing physical harm or unwanted physical contact upon a person or, in some specific legal definitions, a threat or attempt to commit such an action. It is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in crim ...

murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human with malice aforethought. ("The killing of another person wit ...

was suffering from ''

battered person syndrome Battered woman syndrome (BWS) is a pattern of signs and symptoms displayed by a woman who has suffered persistent intimate partner violence: whether psychological, physical, or sexual, from her male partner. It is classified in the ICD-9 (code ) ...

''.

Religion and domestic violence

* Religion and domestic violence *

Christianity and domestic violence Christianity and domestic violence deals with the debate in Christian communities about the recognition and response to domestic violence, which is complicated by a culture of silence and acceptance among abuse victims. There are some Bible verses ...

Islam and domestic violence The relationship between Islam and domestic violence is disputed. Even among Muslims, the uses and interpretations of Sharia, the moral code and religious law of Islam, lack consensus. Variations in interpretation are due to different schools o ...

** Peaceful Families Project – Muslim organization

Domestic violence by region

* Domestic violence in Afghanistan **

Family Response Unit The Family Response Unit is an office of the Afghan National Police which deals with domestic violence and female and child victims of crime, as well as handling female suspects. The unit was founded in 2006 in Kabul, and was staffed by policewo ...

– office of the

Afghan National Police The Afghan National Police (ANP; ps, د افغانستان ملي پولیس; prs, پلیس ملی افغانستان), is the national police force of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, serving as a single law enforcement agency all across ...

which deals with domestic violence, female and child victims of crime, and female suspects. The unit is staffed by policewomen trained by the

United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan ('UNAMA'') is a UN Special Political Mission tasked with assisting the people of Afghanistan. UNAMA was established on 28 March 2002 by United Nations Security Council Resolution 1401. Revi ...

(UNAMA). *

Domestic violence in Argentina Domestic violence in Argentina is a serious issue. Since the 1990s onwards, the Government of Argentina has taken steps to address this problem. However, the policies of Argentina have been criticized for being weak, primarily due to focusing on c ...

** Domestic violence against women in Argentina * Domestic violence in Armenia *

Domestic violence in Australia In Australia, domestic violence (DV) is defined by the ''Family Law Act 1975''. Each state and territory also has its own legislation, some of which broadens the scope of that definition, and terminology varies. It has been identified as a ma ...

Act as 1 Campaign Act as 1 was a domestic violence prevention campaign led by the Queensland Government in Australia. The campaign contained the core message that domestic violence and family violence affect women, men, children, families, neighbours, workplaces ...

–

Domestic Violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner ...

and

Family Violence Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner v ...

Prevention campaign led by the Queensland Government. ** Humbug (Aboriginal) – forms of begging and domestic violence in rural and remote Aboriginal communities in the

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. * Domestic violence in Bolivia *

Domestic violence in Brazil Domestic violence in Brazil involves any type of violence or abuse by intimate partners or family members against one another. The majority of domestic violence cases in Brazil are performed by the man against their female partners. In 2015, the g ...

** Human rights in Brazil and domestic violence **

Lei Maria da Penha Brazil's Federal Law 11340, also known as ''Lei Maria da Penha'' (Portuguese: �lej mɐˈɾi.ɐ dɐ ˈpẽɲɐ ''Maria da Penha Law'') targets gender based violence in Brazil, with the specific aim of reducing domestic violence in the countr ...

– Brazil's federal law against domestic violence * Domestic violence in Chile *

Domestic violence in Colombia Domestic violence in Colombia, although prohibited by law, remains a serious problem. Since the 1990s, Colombia has started to tackle this problem. Article 42 of the Constitution of Colombia provides that “Family relations are based on the equal ...

** Lissette Ochoa domestic violence case – one of the best known cases of

spousal abuse Domestic violence (also known as domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage or cohabitation. ''Domestic violence'' is often used as a synonym for ''intimate partner ...

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

because of the couple's elite social status and for the brutality of the battering perpetrated on Lissette Ochoa by her husband Rafael Dangond. * Domestic violence in Ecuador * Domestic violence in Guyana *

Domestic violence in India Domestic violence in India includes any form of violence suffered by a person from a biological relative but typically is the violence suffered by a woman by male members of her family or relatives. Although Men also suffer Domestic violence, the ...

Bell Bajao Bell Bajao (Hindi for 'ring the bell') is an anti-domestic violence campaign that urges local residents to take a stand against physical abuse through simple acts meant to interrupt domestic violence. When residents, especially men, overhear v ...

– campaign of the

Breakthrough (human rights) Breakthrough is a global human rights organization working to end violence against women and girls. Organization and mission Based in India and the United States, Breakthrough's multimedia campaigns address global issues including violence agai ...

organization **

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to protect women from domestic violence. It was brought into force by the Indian government and Ministry of Women and Child Development on ...

– India federal law **

Save Indian Family Save Indian Family Foundation (SIFF) is a men's rights group in India. It is a registered, non-funded, non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO) and works with various like-minded NGOs in India. History Founded in 2005, SIFF is an a ...

(India) – men's rights movement that asserts misuse of India's laws related to dowry harassment and domestic violence"Wife harassing you? Call for help."
IBN. November 29, 2006. Retrieved December 31, 2008. and provides moral and legal support for men and their families who have suffered or have been accused of

intimate partner violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) is domestic violence by a current or former spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. IPV can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic and sex ...

. * Domestic violence in Iran * Domestic violence in Malaysia **

Women's Aid Organisation Women's Aid Organisation (WAO) is a Malaysian non-governmental organisation that fights for women's rights and specifically against violence against women. It was founded in 1982 and continues to play a leading role in the Malaysian women's right ...

–

non-governmental organization A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in h ...

that fights for women's rights and specifically against violence against women. * Domestic violence in Norway * Domestic violence in Panama * Domestic violence in Paraguay * Domestic violence in Peru * Domestic violence in Russia * Domestic violence in Samoa * Domestic violence in South Korea **

Korea Women's Hot Line Korea Women's Hot Line is a non-profit women's rights activist group, protecting women's rights from all kinds of violence and advancing women's social position as well as establishing gender equality in the spheres of family, work, and society. I ...

– non-profit

women's rights Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st centuries. In some countries, ...

activist group, protecting women's rights from all kinds of violence and advancing women's social position as well as establishing

gender equality Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing d ...

in the spheres of family, work, and society. * Domestic violence in Spain **

Shows red card to abuser Show a red card to abusers ( es, Saca tarjeta roja al maltratador) is a campaign against domestic violence launched by the Spanish Ministry of Equality on 18 March 2010 that has the support of many famous artists, journalists and athletes.

– a public awareness campaign and symbol to say "no" to domestic violence * Domestic violence in Tajikistan * Domestic violence in Turkey * Domestic violence in the United Kingdom ** Organizations *** Broken Rainbow (organisation) – deals with same sex domestic violence *** Campaign Against Domestic Violence – organization with multi-pronged approach towards eliminating domestic violence ***

ManKind Initiative The ManKind Initiative is a domestic violence charity based in the United Kingdom and is at the forefront of providing support for male victims of domestic abuse and violence. Since becoming a charity in 2001, it has provided a helpline, training ...

– domestic violence charity ***

Refuge (United Kingdom charity) Refuge is a United Kingdom charity providing specialist support for women and children experiencing domestic violence. It was founded by author and men's rights activist Erin Pizzey. Refuge provides a national network of specialist services, i ...

– charity for female victims ***

Scottish Women's Aid Scottish Women's Aid is the lead domestic abuse organisation in Scotland. The charity plays a vital role coordinating, influencing and campaigning for effective responses to domestic abuse and supports a network of 36 Women's Aid services acro ...

– charity to prevent domestic violence against women and children ***

Women's Aid Federation of England Women's Aid Federation of England, commonly called Women's Aid within England, is one of a group of charities across the United Kingdom. There are four main Women's Aid Federations, one for each of the countries of the United Kingdom. Its aim is t ...

– United Kingdom charity to prevent domestic violence against women and children ****

What's it going to take? ''What's it going to take?'' is a British newspaper advertisement, print and billboard, poster campaign launched in 2007 by Women's Aid to boost awareness of domestic violence against women in the United Kingdom. The campaign, handled by advertisi ...

– campaign of the WAFOE **Laws \ legal issues ***

Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 Domestic may refer to: In the home * Anything relating to the human home or family ** A domestic animal, one that has undergone domestication ** A domestic appliance, or home appliance ** A domestic partnership ** Domestic science, sometimes cal ...

– *

Domestic violence in the United States Domestic violence in United States is a form of violence that occurs within a domestic relationship. Although domestic violence often occurs between partners in the context of an intimate relationship, it may also describe other household violenc ...

**Laws \ legal issues *** Address confidentiality program – some states in the United States ***

Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban The Domestic Violence Offender Gun Ban, often called the "Lautenberg Amendment" ("Gun Ban for Individuals Convicted of a Misdemeanor Crime of Domestic Violence", , ), is an amendment to the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act of 1997, enacte ...

– addresses

Gun violence in the United States Gun violence in the United States results in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries annually, and was the leading cause of death for children 19 and younger in 2020. In 2018, the most recent year for which data are available as of 2021, the ...

***

Violence Against Women Act The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA) is a United States federal law (Title IV of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, ) signed by President Bill Clinton on September 13, 1994. The Act provided $1.6 billion toward investig ...

– United States federal law ***

Family Violence Prevention and Services Act The Family Violence Prevention and Services Act (FVPSA) is a United States law, first authorized as part of the Child Abuse Amendments of 1984 (PL 98–457), that provides federal funding to help victims of domestic violence and their dependent c ...

– ** Organizations ***

Futures Without Violence Futures Without Violence (formerly Family Violence Prevention Fund) is a non-profit organization with offices in San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Boston, United States, with the goal of ending domestic and sexual violence. Futures Without Vi ...

– ***

Loveisrespect, National Teen Dating Abuse Helpline The National Domestic Violence Hotline (NDVH) is a 24-hour confidential service for survivors, victims and those affected by domestic violence, intimate partner violence and relationship abuse. Advocates are available at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) a ...

– ***

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with the mission to be the voice of victims and survivors of domestic violence. Based in Denver, Colorado. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence's ...

– ***

National Domestic Violence Hotline The National Domestic Violence Hotline (NDVH) is a 24-hour confidential service for survivors, victims and those affected by domestic violence, intimate partner violence and relationship abuse. Advocates are available at 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) a ...

– ***

National Network to End Domestic Violence The National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization founded in 1990, based in the District of Columbia. It is a network of state and territorial domestic violence coalitions, representing over 2,000 me ...

– ***

Tahirih Justice Center The Tahirih Justice Center, or Tahirih, is a national charitable non-governmental organization headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia, United States that aims to protect immigrant women and girls fleeing gender-based violence and persecution. ...

–

Prevention

Duluth model The Duluth Model (also known as Domestic Abuse Intervention Project or DAIP or Pence's model) is a program developed to reduce domestic violence against women. It is named after Duluth, Minnesota, the city where it was developed. The program was ...

(United States) – * Initiatives to prevent sexual violence (United States) –
CVFR batterer intervention program
(United States) – based on NVC and reported 0% recidivism * Restorative Justice

Experts

Academics

Some of the major academic researchers on domestic violence are: * ''

Jacquelyn Campbell Jacquelyn C. Campbell, PhD, MSN, RN, (born August 26, 1946) is an American academic nurse known for her research on domestic violence and violence against women, especially cases of such violence that end in homicide. She is professor and the An ...

'', domestic homicides, female victims * '' Kenneth Dodge'', aggressive behavior, violence in children * '' Emily Douglas'', child abuse and welfare, help seeking, public policy * ''

Mary Ellsberg Mary Carroll Ellsberg (born 1958) is an American epidemiologist whose research focuses on global health and violence against women. She is the director of the Global Women's Institute at George Washington University in Washington D.C. Ellsberg i ...

'', international studies, violence against women * ''

David Finkelhor David Finkelhor (born 1947) is an American sociologist known for his research into child sexual abuse and related topics. He is the director of the Crimes against Children Research Center, co-director of the Family Research Laboratory and profes ...

'', child sexual abuse * '' Nicola Graham-Kevan'', aggression, perpetrator treatment * '' Denise Hines''. prevention, dating violence, child abuse, male victims * '' Linda Saltzman'', epidemiology, surveillance, prevalence * '' Murray Straus'', prevalence, corporal punishment

Activists

Some of the most notable domestic violence activists are: * '' Ruahine Albert'', New Zealand, co-founded women's shelter, perpetrator treatment * '' Angela Barker'', Australia, dating violence victim, advocate * ''

Sarah Buel Sarah M. Buel (born 1953) is an American lawyer and anti-domestic violence activist. In 1994 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project. Early life and education She earned a bachelor's degree in libe ...

'', USA, lawyer, victim advocate * '' Elizabeth Celi'', Australia, psychologist, male victims * ''

Anne Cools Anne Clare Cools (born August 12, 1943) is a Canadian retired senator and the longest serving member of the Senate of Canada. As a social worker, Cools was a pioneer in the protection of women from domestic violence, running one of the first dome ...

'', Canada, senator, ran one of the first domestic violence shelters in Canada * '' Donna Ferrato'', USA, photojournalist documenting domestic violence * '' Ellen Pence'', USA, co-founded the

Duluth Domestic Abuse Intervention Project The Duluth Model (also known as Domestic Abuse Intervention Project or DAIP or Pence's model) is a program developed to reduce domestic violence against women. It is named after Duluth, Minnesota, the city where it was developed. The program was ...

* ''

Erin Pizzey Erin Patria Margaret Pizzey (; born 19 February 1939) is an English ex-feminist, Men's rights activist and advocate against domestic violence, and novelist. She is known for having started the first and currently the largest domestic violence s ...

'', England, founded the world's first domestic violence shelter * ''

Deborah Tucker Deborah Tucker is an actress who appeared in American television and film during the late-1980s and early-1990s. Her first credited appearance as an actress was as a cast member of the short-lived television series ''Living Dolls'' in September ...

'', USA, founded the first domestic violence shelter in the United States

International organizations and conventions

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

United Nations Development Fund for Women The United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, french: Fonds de développement des Nations unies pour la femme, ) was established in December 1976 originally as the Voluntary Fund for the United Nations Decade for Women in the International ...

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, is a United Nations entity working for gender equality and the empowerment of women. UN Women advocates for the rights of women and girls, and focu ...

(UN Women) *

United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Curr ...

** Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW) ** Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) *

African Union The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of 55 member states located on the continent of Africa. The AU was announced in the Sirte Declaration in Sirte, Libya, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the Africa ...

** Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) *

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

** Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) *

Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...

** Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention) * Islam-related organizations **

AHA Foundation The AHA Foundation is a nonprofit organization for the defense of women's rights. It was founded by Ayaan Hirsi Ali in 2007 and is based in New York City. Originally formed to support Muslim dissidents who had suffered for their religious or po ...

– concerned with Muslim women's rights in Western countries ** Peaceful Families Project – (Islamic organization)

Domestic violence-related media

Periodicals

* ''

Contemporary Family Therapy ''Contemporary Family Therapy'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on family therapy, focusing on recent applied practice and developments in theory and research that is published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media. Th ...

'' – journal with articles about "the latest developments in theory, research and practice pertaining to family therapy, with an emphasis on examining families within their broader socio-economic and ethnic matrices." * ''

Family Process ''Family Process'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on family system issues, including policy and applied practice. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Family Process Institute. Since 2007, the journa ...

'' – non-profit journal with current articles about family system issues, focusing on research, policy, and applied practice. * ''

Family Relations ''Family Relations'' (russian: Родня, Rodnya) is a 1981 Soviet drama film directed by Nikita Mikhalkov. Plot A rural woman Mariya Konovalova (Nonna Mordyukova) goes to the regional center to visit her daughter Nina (Svetlana Kryuchkova), an ...

'' – international journal, published on behalf of the National Council on Family Relations, regarding family studies. * ''International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences'' * ''Journal of Adult Protection'' * ''Journal of Child and Family Studies'' * ''

Journal of Family Issues ''Journal of Family Issues'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of family studies. The journal's editor-in-chief is Constance L. Shehan (University of Florida). It was established in 1980 and is currently publ ...

'' –

peer-reviewed Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work (peers). It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review ...

academic journal An academic journal or scholarly journal is a periodical publication in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as permanent and transparent forums for the presentation, scrutiny, and d ...

that publishes papers in the field of Family Studies. * ''Journal of Family Psychology'' * ''Journal of Family Violence'' * ''Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences'' * ''

Journal of Interpersonal Violence The ''Journal of Interpersonal Violence'' (''JIV'') is a peer-reviewed, academic journal that publishes papers in the field of interpersonal violence, and focuses on the study of victims and perpetrators of interpersonal violence. The journal's edi ...

'' – publishes current "information on domestic violence, rape, child sexual abuse and other violent crimes." * ''Journal of Marital and Family Therapy'' * ''Journal of Marriage and the Family'' * '' Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society'' –

covering a wide range of disciplines covering issues like

gender Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them. Depending on the context, this may include sex-based social structures (i.e. gender roles) and gender identity. Most cultures u ...

race Race, RACE or "The Race" may refer to: * Race (biology), an informal taxonomic classification within a species, generally within a sub-species * Race (human categorization), classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, and/or s ...

class Class or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differentl ...

sexuality Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, psychological, physical, erotic, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied ...

, and/or

nation A nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features such as language, history, ethnicity, culture and/or society. A nation is thus the collective identity of a group of people understood as defined by those ...

. * ''

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse ''Trauma, Violence, & Abuse'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on trauma, abuse, and violence. The journal's editor-in-chief is Jon R. Conte (University of Washington). It was established in 2000 and is currently published b ...

'' – publishes original research for practitioners. * ''

Violence Against Women Violence against women (VAW), also known as gender-based violence and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), are violent acts primarily or exclusively committed against women or girls, usually by men or boys. Such violence is often consi ...

'' –

that publishes papers in the field of Women's studies.Violence Against Women.
Sage Publications. Retrieved November 22, 2011.

Books, non-fictional

*''Mommie Dearest'' (1978), a memoir described the author's upbringing by an abusive alcoholic mother. *''Life with Billy (book), Life with Billy'' (1986), describing a woman's life with her abusive husband. *''The War on Women (book), The War on Women'' (2007), about domestic violence in Canada.

Books, fictional

* ''Oliver Twist''

Documentaries

*A Better Man (film), A Better Man (2017) * ''The Conspiracy of Silence'' * ''Defending Our Lives'' * ''Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America'' * ''Silent Voices (film), Silent Voices'' * ''Sin by Silence''

Films

Gallery

Image:Cycle of Abuse.png, The four phases of the Cycle of Abuse in some ongoing domestic violence situations

References

;Notes ;Citations

External links

Presentation outline of ''The Faces of Domestic Violence'', by Henry A. Doenlen, M.D.

''Domestic Abuse Training Outline For Health Care Providers'', U.S. Department of DefenseNCDSV
National Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence...consulting, training and advocacy.
RAINN
Information about the rights of spouses and how to protect oneself from spousal abuse.
Stop Abuse For Everyone
Services for victims of domestic violence who typically fall between the cracks, such as abused men, gay and lesbian victims, the elderly, teens, and immigrants.
Domestic Violence Against Men In Colorado
Information and research about partner violence against men. {{Outline footer Outlines of laws and legal topics, Domestic violence Wikipedia outlines, Domestic violence Domestic violence, * Crime

What ''type'' of thing is domestic violence?

Prevalence

Forms

Victims

Women

Men

LGBT

Children

Parents and the elderly

Research concepts

Measurement instruments

Theoretical constructs

Partner dynamics

Impacts

Legal

Religion and domestic violence

Domestic violence by region

Prevention

Experts

Academics

Activists

International organizations and conventions

Domestic violence-related media

Periodicals

Books, non-fictional

Books, fictional

Documentaries

Films

Gallery

See also

References

External links