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outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...
is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Syria: Syria – country in
Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
, that borders
Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...
and the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east,
Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
to the south and Israel to the southwest. Civilization in Syria was one of the most ancient on earth. Syria is part of the
Fertile Crescent The Fertile Crescent ( ar, الهلال الخصيب) is a crescent-shaped region in the Middle East, spanning modern-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan, together with the northern region of Kuwait, southeastern region of ...
, and from approximately 10,000 BCE it was one of the centers of
Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several p ...
culture where agriculture and cattle breeding appeared for the first time in the world. Over the millennia, Syria has been conquered and settled by many different peoples. A country of fertile plains, high mountains and deserts, it is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including Syriacs, Assyrians,
Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ira ...
,
Circassians The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia ...
,
Armenians Armenians ( hy, հայեր, '' hayer'' ) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the ''de facto'' independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diasp ...
, Druze, Alawite,
Christians Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words '' Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρ ...
,
Shias Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, mos ...
and Sunnis. The latter make up the majority of the population. Since March 2011, Syria has been embroiled in
civil war A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
in the wake of uprisings (considered an extension of the
Arab Spring The Arab Spring ( ar, الربيع العربي) was a series of anti-government protests, uprisings and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early 2010s. It began in Tunisia in response to corruption and econo ...
, the mass movement of revolutions and protests in the Arab world) against Assad and the neo-Ba'athist government. The opposition Syrian National Coalition selected Ghassan Hitto as prime minister of a rival provisional government on March 19, 2013, after being invited to do so by several foreign governments and the Arab League.


General reference

*
Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...
: * Common English country name: Syria * Official English country name: The Syrian Arab Republic * Common endonym(s): List of countries and capitals in native languages * Official endonym(s): List of official endonyms of present-day nations and states * Adjectival(s): Syrian * Demonym(s): *
Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...
:
Name of Syria The name ''Syria'' is latinized from the Greek (). In toponymic typology, the term Syria is classified among choronyms (proper names of regions and countries). The origin and usage of the term has been the subject of interest, both among ancien ...
* International rankings of Syria *
ISO country codes ISO 3166-1 (''Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes'') is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. It ...
: SY, SYR, 760 *
ISO region codes ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The ...
: See ISO 3166-2:SY *
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all ...
:
.sy .sy is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al- ...


Geography of Syria

Geography of Syria Syria is located in Western Asia, north of the Arabian Peninsula, at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Lebanon and Israel to the west and southwest, Iraq to the east, and Jordan to the south. It con ...
* Syria is: a
country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...
* Location: ** Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere **
Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago ...
*** Asia ****
Western Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
*****
Southwest Asia Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
** Middle East ***
Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is ...
**
Time in Syria Time in Syria is given by Arabia Standard Time (AST) ( UTC+03:00). On October 4th 2022, Syria abolished daylight saving time (DST). Prior to that date, Syria used EET ( UTC+02:00) and observed DST, as EEST ( UTC+03:00). Transition dates had in ge ...
***
Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it ...
:
UTC+02 UTC+02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +02:00. In ISO 8601, the associated time would be written as 2020-11-08T23:41:45+02:00. This time is used in: As standard time (year-round) ''Principal cities: Cairo, Pretoria, Cape ...
, summer
UTC+03 UTC+03:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +03:00. In areas using this time offset, the time is three hours later than the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Following the ISO 8601 standard, a time with this offset would be wri ...
** Extreme points of Syria *** High: Jabal el-Sheikh *** Low:
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
0 m ** Land boundaries: 2,253 km :: 822 km :: 605 km :: 375 km :: 375 km :: 76 km :* Coastline:
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
193 km * Population of Syria: 19,929,000 - 54th most populous country * * Area of Syria: 185180 km2 * Atlas of Syria


Environment of Syria

Environment of Syria * Climate of Syria * Environmental issues in Syria * Geology of Syria * Protected areas of Syria ** Biosphere reserves in Syria ** National parks of Syria * Renewable energy in Syria * Wildlife of Syria **
Fauna of Syria The wildlife of Syria is the flora and fauna of Syria, a country at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. Besides its coastline, the country has a coastal plain, mountain ranges in the west, a semi-arid steppe area in the centre occupying most o ...
*** Birds of Syria *** Mammals of Syria


Natural geographic features of Syria

* Glaciers of Syria * Islands of Syria *
Lakes of Syria A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...
*
Mountains of Syria A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...
** Volcanoes in Syria * Rivers in Syria ** Waterfalls of Syria *
Valleys of Syria A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over ...
* World Heritage Sites in Syria


Regions of Syria

Regions of Syria


Ecoregions of Syria

List of ecoregions in Syria * Ecoregions in Syria


Administrative divisions of Syria

Administrative divisions of Syria *
Governorates of Syria Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces or counties in English (Arabic ''muḥāfaẓāt'', singular '' muḥāfaẓah''). The governorates are divided into si ...
**
Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or ''muhafazat'' (sing. '' muhafazah''), are divided into 65 districts, or ''manatiq'' (sing. '' mintaqah''), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or ''nawahi'' (s ...
** Municipalities of Syria


= Provinces of Syria

=
Governorates of Syria Syria is a unitary state, but for administrative purposes, it is divided into fourteen governorates, also called provinces or counties in English (Arabic ''muḥāfaẓāt'', singular '' muḥāfaẓah''). The governorates are divided into si ...
* Al-Hasakah * Aleppo * Damascus *
Daraa Daraa ( ar, دَرْعَا, Darʿā, Levantine Arabic: , also Darʿā, Dara’a, Deraa, Dera'a, Dera, Derʿā and Edrei; means "''fortress''", compare Dura-Europos) is a city in southwestern Syria, located about north of the border with Jord ...
*
Deir ez-Zor , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = Ethnicities , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_title = Religions , population_blank2 = ...
* Hama * Homs * Idlib * Latakia *
Quneitra Quneitra (also Al Qunaytirah, Qunaitira, or Kuneitra; ar, ٱلْقُنَيْطِرَة or ٱلْقُنَيطْرَة, ''al-Qunayṭrah'' or ''al-Qunayṭirah'' ) is the largely destroyed and abandoned capital of the Quneitra Governorate in sout ...
*
Raqqa Raqqa ( ar, ٱلرَّقَّة, ar-Raqqah, also and ) (Kurdish: Reqa/ ڕەقە) is a city in Syria on the northeast bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo. It is located east of the Tabqa Dam, Syria's largest dam. The Hellenistic, ...
*
Rif Dimashq Rif Dimashq Governorate ( ar, محافظة ريف دمشق, ', literally, the "Governorate of the Countryside of Damascus", Damascus Suburb) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is situated in the southwestern part of the ...
*
As-Suwayda As-Suwayda ( ar, ٱلسُّوَيْدَاء / ALA-LC romanization: ''as-Suwaydāʾ''), also spelled ''Sweida'' or ''Swaida'', is a mainly Druze city located in southwestern Syria, close to the border with Jordan. It is the capital of As-Suwayda ...
*
Tartus ) , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = , imagesize = , image_caption = Tartus corniche  Port of Tartus • Tartus beach and boulevard  Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa • Al-Assad Stadium&n ...


= Districts of Syria

=
Districts of Syria The 14 governorates of Syria, or ''muhafazat'' (sing. '' muhafazah''), are divided into 65 districts, or ''manatiq'' (sing. '' mintaqah''), including the city of Damascus. The districts are further divided into 281 subdistricts, or ''nawahi'' (s ...
*
Al-Hasakah District Al-Hasakah District ( ar, منطقة الحسكة, manṭiqat al-Ḥasaka) is a district of al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria. The administrative centre for the district is the city of al-Hasakah Al-Hasakah ( ar, ٱلْحَسَكَة ...
* Al Qamishli District *
Al-Malikiyah District al-Malikiyah District ( ar, منطقة المالكية, manṭiqat al-Mālikiyah) is a district of al-Hasakah Governorate in eastern Rojava, Syria. The administrative centre is the city of al-Malikiyah Al-Malikiyah ( ar, ٱلْمَالِكِ ...
* Ra's al-'Ayn District * 'Ayn al-'Arab District *
Afrin District Afrin District ( ar, منطقة عفرين, manṭiqat Afrīn) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Afrin. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 172,095. Also available i ...
* Al Bab District * As-Safirah District *
A'zaz District Azaz District ( ar, منطقة أعزاز, manṭiqat A'zāz) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Azaz Azaz ( ar, أَعْزَاز, ʾAʿzāz) is a city in northwest Syria, roughly n ...
*
Jabal Sam'an Mount Simeon or Mount Simon ( ar, جبل سمعان Jabal Simʻān ), also called Mount Laylūn ( ar, جبل ليلون, is a highland region in Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The mountain is located in the Mount Simeon and Aʻzāz distri ...
* Jarabulus District *
Manbij District Manbij District ( ar, منطقة منبج, mantiqah, manṭiqat Manbiǧ) is a Districts of Syria, district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Manbij. At the 2004 census, the district had a population ...
*
Raqqa District Raqqa District ( ar, منطقة مركز الرقة, Manṭiqat ar-Raqqah) is a district of the Raqqa Governorate in northern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Raqqa Raqqa ( ar, ٱلرَّقَّة, ar-Raqqah, also and ) ( Kurdish: ...
* Ath-Thawrah District * Tal Abyad District *
As-Suwayda District as-Suwayda District ( ar-at, منطقة السويداء, manṭiqat as-Suwaydā’) is a district of the as-Suwayda Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of as-Suwayda As-Suwayda ( ar, ٱلسُّوَيْدَاء ...
*
Salkhad District Salkhad District ( ar-at, منطقة صلخد, manṭiqat Ṣalḫad) is a district of the As-Suwayda Governorate in southern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Salkhad Salkhad ( ar, صَلْخَد, Ṣalḫad) is a Syrian city in the ...
* Shahba District * As-Sanamayn District *
Daraa District Daraa District ( ar, منطقة درعا) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Daraa Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 428,681. Its administrative centre is the city of Daraa Daraa ( ar, دَر ...
*
Izra' District Izra' District ( ar, منطقة ازرع) is a district (mantiqah) administratively belonging to Daraa Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 246,804. Its administrative centre is the city of Izra' Izraʾ ( ar, إِزْرَ ...
* Abu Kamal District * Mayadin District *
Deir ez-Zor District Deir ez-Zor District ( ar-at, منطقة دير الزور, manṭiqat Dair az-Zaur) is a district of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate in northeastern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Deir ez-Zor , population_urban = , popul ...
* As-Suqaylabiyah District * Hama District *
Masyaf District Masyaf District ( ar, مصياف ') is a district ( mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 169,341. Its administrative centre is the city of Masyaf. Sub-districts The district of ...
* Muhardeh District *
Salamiyah District Salamiyah ( ar, سلمية ') is a district ( mantiqah) administratively belonging to Hama Governorate, Syria. At the 2004 Census it had a population of 187,123. Its administrative district is the city of Salamiyah. Sub-districts The district of ...
*
Al-Mukharram District Al-Mukharram District ( ar-at, منطقة المخرم, manṭiqat al-Mukharram) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre is the city of al-Mukharram Al-Mukharram ( ar, المخرم), also known as Mukharr ...
*
Al-Qusayr District Al-Qusayr District ( ar-at, منطقة القصير, manṭiqat al-Qusair) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Al-Qusayr. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 107,470 ...
* Ar-Rastan District *
Homs District Homs District ( ar-at, منطقة حمص, manṭiqat Ḥimṣ) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Homs. The district was split in 2010, when three sub-districts were separated to for ...
*
Palmyra District Tadmur District ( ar-at, منطقة تدمر, manṭiqat Tadmur) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Tadmur, near ancient Palmyra Palmyra (; Palmyrene: () ''Tadmor''; ar, تَدْ ...
*
Talkalakh District Talkalakh District ( ar-at, منطقة تلكلخ, manṭiqat Talkalaḫ) is a district of the Homs Governorate in central Syria. Administrative centre An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a cou ...
*
Arihah District Ariha District ( ar-at, منطقة أريحا, mantiqah, manṭiqat Arīh̨ā) is a Districts of Syria, district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Ariha, Syria, Ariha. At the 2004 census, the dist ...
*
Harem District Harem District ( ar-at, منطقة حارم, manṭiqat Ḥārim) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Harem Harem ( Persian: حرمسرا ''haramsarā'', ar, حَرِي ...
*
Idlib District Idlib District ( ar-at, منطقة ادلب, manṭiqat Idlib) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Idlib. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 382,929. Sub-distr ...
*
Jisr ash-Shugur District Jisr ash-Shugur District ( ar-at, منطقة جسر الشغور, manṭiqat Ǧisr aš-Šuġūr) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Jisr ash-Shugur. At the 2004 census, the distri ...
*
Ma'arrat al-Numan District Maarat al-Numaan District ( ar-at, منطقة معرة النعمان, mantiqah, manṭiqat Maʿarrat al-Nuʿmān) is a Districts of Syria, district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Maarat al ...
*
Al-Haffah District Al-Haffah District ( ar-at, منطقة الحفة, manṭiqat al-Ḥaffah) is a district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of al-Haffah. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 81,2 ...
*
Jableh District Jableh District ( ar-at, منطقة جبلة, manṭiqat Jablah) is a district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Jableh. At the 2004 census, the district had a population of 196,171. Agricult ...
*
Latakia District Latakia District ( ar, منطقة اللاذقية, manṭiqat al-Lādhiqīyah) is a district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Latakia. At the 2004 census, the district had a population o ...
*
Qardaha District Qardaha District ( ar-at, منطقة القرداحة, mantiqah, manṭiqat al-Qardāḥah) is a Districts of Syria, district of the Latakia Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Qardaha. At the 2004 census, the d ...
* Fiq District *
Quneitra District Quneitra (or al-Qunaytirah) District ( ar-at, منطقة القنيطرة, manṭiqat al-Qunayṭrah) is one of the two districts of the Quneitra Governorate in southern Syria. It is the northern of the two districts, with Fiq District to the s ...
* Al-Qutayfah District * An-Nabk District *
Al-Tall District al-Tall District ( ar-at, منطقة التل, manṭiqat al-Tall) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, ...
*
Darayya District Darayya District ( ar-at, منطقة داريا, manṭiqat Dārayyā) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Darayya Darayya ( ar, دَارَيَّا, Dārayyā) is a suburb o ...
*
Markaz Rif Dimashq Markaz Rif Dimashq District ( ar-at, منطقة مركز ريف دمشق, manṭiqat Markaz Rif Dimašq) or Damascus Central Countryside District is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. Geography Markaz Rif Dimashq is loc ...
*
Duma District Douma District ( ar-at, منطقة دوما, manṭiqat Dūmā) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The second largest district of Syria following Tadmur, it stretches from the northeastern outskirts of Metropolitan ...
*
Qatana District Qatana District ( ar-at, منطقة قطنا, minṭaqat Qaṭana) is a district of the Rif Dimashq Governorate in southern Syria. The district is located just to the east of Mount Hermon Mount Hermon ( ar, جبل الشيخ or جبل ح ...
* Yabrud District * Zabadani District * Ash-Shaykh Badr District *
Baniyas District Baniyas District ( ar-at, منطقة بانياس, manṭiqat Bāniyās) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Baniyas Baniyas ( ar, بَانِيَاس ') is a Mediterranean coast ...
*
Duraykish District Duraykish District ( ar-at, منطقة دريكيش, manṭiqat Dreikiche) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the town of Duraykish Duraykish ( ar, دريكيش, Duraykīš, also spelled Drei ...
*
Safita District Safita District ( ar-at, منطقة صافيتا, manṭiqat Ṣāfītā) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. Administrative centre is the city of Safita Safita ( ar, صَافِيتَا '; phn, 𐤎‬𐤐𐤕‬ ...
*
Tartus District Tartus District ( ar-at, منطقة طرطوس, manṭiqat Ṭarṭūs) is a district of the Tartus Governorate in northwestern Syria. The administrative centre is the city of Tartus ) , settlement_type = City , image_skyline = ...


= Municipalities of Syria

= *
List of cities in Syria The country of Syria is administratively subdivided into 14 governorates, which are sub-divided into 65 districts, which are further divided into 284 sub-districts. Each of the governorates and districts has its own centre or capital city, exc ...
*
List of towns and villages in Syria Daraa Governorate Daraa District * Bosra * Da'el * Saham al-Jawlan Izra' District * Hirak Al-Sanamayn District * Burraq * al-Harrah * Inkhil * Jassem * Kafr Shams * Khabab * Tubna Homs Governorate Homs District * Al-Riqama * Fairouzeh ...


Demography of Syria

Demographics of Syria Syria's estimated pre– Syrian Civil War 2011 population was 22 ±.5 million permanent inhabitants, which included 21,124,000 Syrians, as well as 1.3 million Iraqi refugees and over 500,000 Palestinians refugees.Politics of Syria * Form of government: * Capital of Syria: Damascus * Elections in Syria *
Political parties in Syria This article lists political parties in Syria. Everyone is allowed to start a new political party but it cannot be founded on ethnic, religious, regional or tribal basis. Under the Constitution of Syria approved in 2012, a licensed party must hav ...


Branches of the government of Syria

Government of Syria Government of the Syrian Arab Republic is the union government created by the constitution of Syria where by the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Sy ...


Executive branch of the government of Syria

*
Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...
:
President of Syria The president of Syria, officially the president of the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: رئيس سوريا) is the head of state of the Syria, Syrian Arab Republic. They are vested with sweeping powers that may be delegated, at their sole discreti ...
, Bashar al-Assad; President of the Syrian National Coalition,
Moaz al-Khatib Ahmad Moaz Al-Khatib Al-Hasani ( ar, أحمد معاذ الخطيب الحسني, born 1960) is a former president of the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. He is also a former imam of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascu ...
** List of presidents of Syria ** List of vice presidents of Syria *
Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, ...
: Prime Minister of Syria,
Muhammad Naji al-Otari Muhammad Naji al-Otari ( ar, محمد ناجي عطري also ''Etri'', ''Itri'' and ''Otri'') (born 1944) is a Syrian politician who was Prime Minister of Syria from 2003 to 2011.Prime Minister of the Syrian National Coalition, Ghassan Hitto ** List of prime ministers of Syria *
Cabinet of Syria The Cabinet of Syria (Arabic: مجلس وزراء سوريا, majlis wuzara' suria) or Council of Ministers is the chief executive body of the Syrian Arab Republic. Cabinet in Constitution According to the Constitution of Syria: Appointment, ...
**
Government ministries of Syria Government ministries of Syria make up the portfolios of the Cabinet of Syria. Current ministries * Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates ** former Ministry of Expatriates * Ministry of Finance * Ministry of Defense * Ministry of Higher ...


Legislative branch of the government of Syria

* People's Council of Syria (
Unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...
) ** List of speakers of the Parliament of Syria


Judicial branch of the government of Syria

Court system of Syria
Judiciary of Syria The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudication, adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and app ...
*
High Judicial Council The High Judicial Council ( ar, مجلس القضاء الأعلى السوري) is the highest judicial authority in Syria. Current members * Chairman of the High Judicial Council: President Bashar al-Assad. * Vice-Chairman of the High Judici ...
* Court system of Syria ** Court of Cassation of Syria ** High Constitutional Court of Syria ** Civil and criminal courts of Syria ** Military courts of Syria ** Security courts of Syria * Supreme Court of Syria


Foreign relations of Syria

Foreign relations of Syria * Arab League monitors in Syria * Diplomatic missions in Syria **
List of Canadian ambassadors to Syria The Ambassador of Canada to Syria is Canada's foremost diplomatic representative in Syria, and in charge of Canada's diplomatic mission in the Syria Arab Republic. List of heads of mission *1965–1967: John Ryerson Maybee *1967–1969: ...
**
List of Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Syria The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Syria was the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative to Syria, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Damascus. The official title was ''His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Syrian ...
**
United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria The United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Syria, set up in 2012 as a result of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043 in response to the Syrian Civil War. It was commanded by ...
**
United States Ambassador to Syria The United States ambassador to Syria is the official representative of the president of the United States to the president of Syria. From the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 until 1944, had been under the control of France as a par ...
*
Diplomatic missions of Syria This is a list of diplomatic missions of the Syrian Arab Republic, not including honorary consulates. Africa * ** Algiers (Embassy) * ** Cairo (Embassy) * ** Nouakchott (Embassy) * ** Lagos (Embassy) * ** Dakar (Embassy) * ** Pretoria (Embassy) ...
**
Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations The Permanent Representative of Syria to the United Nations is Syria's foremost diplomatic representative at the United Nations. List of heads of mission The Permanent Representatives were the following: *1946–1948: Fares al-Khoury *1951& ...


International organization membership

International organization membership of Syria The Syrian Arab Republic is a member of: *
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) (Banque Arabe pour le Développement Economique en Afrique) (المصرف العربي للتنمية الاقتصادية في أفريقيا) was established pursuant to the resolution o ...
(ABEDA) * Arab Federation for Engineering Industries (General Organization for Engineering Industries) *
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) is a Kuwait-based pan-Arab development finance institution. All member-states of the Arab League are members of the AFESD. As of 2003, it held around US$7.3 billion in assets. The AFESD ...
(AFESD) *
Arab Monetary Fund The Arab Monetary Fund (AMF) is a regional Arab organization, a working sub-organization of the Arab League. It was founded 1976, and has been operational since 1977. History The first president and director of the Arab Monetary Fund, from 1 ...
(AMF) *
Council of Arab Economic Unity The Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) (Arabic: ) was founded by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen on May 30, 1964, following an agreement in 1957 by ...
(CAEU) *
Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...
(FAO) *
Group of 24 The Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs and Development, or The Group of 24 (G-24) was established in 1971 as a chapter of the Group of 77 in order to help coordinate the positions of developing countries on ...
(G24) * Group of 77 (G77) *
Interkosmos Interkosmos (russian: Интеркосмос) was a Soviet space program, designed to help the Soviet Union's allies with crewed and uncrewed space missions. The program was formed in April 1967 in Moscow. All members of the program from USSR ...
Spaceflight Program * International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) * International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) *
International Chamber of Commerce The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC; French: ''Chambre de commerce internationale'') is the largest, most representative business organization in the world. Its over 45 million members in over 100 countries have interests spanning every sec ...
(ICC) *
International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...
(ICAO) *
International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals f ...
(ICCt) (signatory) *
International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...
(Interpol) * International Development Association (IDA) * International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) *
International Finance Corporation The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of ...
(IFC) * International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) *
International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography. , the IHO comprised 98 Member States. A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters a ...
(IHO) *
International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...
(ILO) * International Maritime Organization (IMO) *
International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster glo ...
(IMF) *
International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...
(IOC) *
International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Art ...
(ISO) * International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM) *
International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...
(ITU) *
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001. It incorporates the principle set forth ...
(ITSO) * Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) *
Islamic Development Bank The Islamic Development Bank ( ar, البنك الإسلامي للتنمية, abbreviated as IsDB) is a multilateral development finance institution that is focused on Islamic finance for infrastructure development and located in Jeddah, Saudi ...
(IDB) *
League of Arab States League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football Sports * Sports league * Rugby league, full contact footba ...
(LAS) *
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is an international financial institution which offers political risk insurance and credit enhancement guarantees. These guarantees help investors protect foreign direct investments against ...
(MIGA) * Nonaligned Movement (NAM) *
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) is a multi-governmental organization headquartered in Kuwait which coordinates energy policies among oil-producing Arab nations. OAPEC's primary objective is safeguarding the cooperati ...
(OAPEC) *
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from ...
(OIC) *
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
(UN) *
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...
(UNCTAD) *
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
(UNESCO) *
United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in ...
(UNIDO) *
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) is a UN agency that supports the relief and human development of Palestinian refugees. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians displaced by the 1948 P ...
(UNRWA) *
Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to ...
(UPU) *
World Customs Organization The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. The WCO works on customs-related matters including the development of international conventions, instruments, and tools on topics su ...
(WCO) *
World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation o ...
(WFTU) *
World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...
(WHO) *
World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishi ...
(WIPO) *
World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Intern ...
(WMO) *
World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...
(UNWTO) Syria is one of only 7 U.N. members which is not a member of the
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...
.


Law and order in Syria

Law of Syria Law is a set of rules that are created and are law enforcement, enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. ...
*
Constitution of Syria The current Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic was adopted on 26 February 2012, replacing one that had been in force since 13 March 1973. The current constitution delineates the basic function of that state's government. Among other things, ...
* Crime in Syria ** Human trafficking in Syria **
Terrorism in Syria The same Terrorism in Syria has a long history dating from the Islamist Uprising in the early 1980s and to the ongoing Syrian Civil War which witnessed the rise of radical Islamist groups such as ISIL, al-Nusra and other al-Qaeda affiliated gro ...
*
Human rights in Syria The situation for human rights in Syria is considered poor by international observers.Freedom of religion in Syria ** Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war **
LGBT rights in Syria Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Syrian Arab Republic face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Article 520 of the penal code of 1949, prohibits "carnal relations against the order of nature", and p ...
**
Law enforcement in Syria Law enforcement in Syria is carried out by the Public Security Police, which is a force for general policing duties; internal security duties are carried out by different intelligence agencies. The Political Security Directorate is one of these ...
*
Visa requirements for Syrian citizens Visa requirements for Syrian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Syria. As of 1 October 2019, Syrian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 28 countries and territorie ...


Military of Syria

Military of Syria The Syrian Arab Armed Forces ( ar, الْقُوَّاتُ الْمُسَلَّحَةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ السُّورِيَّةُ, al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) are the military forces of the Syrian Arab Re ...
* Command ** Commander-in-chief: *** Ministry of Defence of Syria * Forces ** Army of Syria ** Navy of Syria **
Syrian Air Force ) , mascot = , anniversaries = 16 October , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = * 1948 Arab-Israeli War * Six-Day War * Yom Kippur War * ...
***
List of Syrian Air Force bases This article lists air bases currently operated or used by the Syrian Arab Air Force. During the Syrian Civil War some bases were captured by rebels forces. Military airbases See also * List of airports in Syria * Syrian Arab Air Force * Mil ...
*** List of Syrian Air Force squadrons ** Syrian Republican Guard *
Military history of Syria Military history of Syria Antiquity *Military history of the Assyrian Empire * Military history of Persia *Sassanid army Middle Ages *Islamic conquest of Persia *1251–1259 Mongol invasion of Persia, Syria and Mesopotamia *Growth of the Ottoman E ...
*
Military ranks of Syria The Military ranks of Syria are the military insignia used by the Syrian Armed Forces. The Syrian military ranks use a rank structure similar to that of the United Kingdom and the French Armed Forces. Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia ...


Local government in Syria

Local government in Syria


History of Syria


History of Syria, by period

* Syria during the Stone Age **
Levantine corridor The Levantine corridor is the relatively narrow strip between the Mediterranean Sea to the northwest and deserts to the southeast which connects Africa to Eurasia. This corridor is a land route of migrations of animals between Eurasia and Afric ...
– relatively narrow land route of migrations between the Mediterranean Sea to the northwest and deserts to the southeast that connects Africa into Eurasia. It is believed that early hominids spread from Africa to Asia and Europe via the Horn of Africa and the Levantine corridor (named after the Levant, which includes Syria). ** Cradle of civilization – term referring to locations identified as the sites of the emergence of civilization. In Western European and Middle Eastern cultures, it has frequently been applied to the Ancient Near Eastern Chalcolithic (Ubaid period, Naqada culture), especially in the Fertile Crescent (Levant and Mesopotamia). ***
Mesopotamia Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the ...
– area of the Tigris–Euphrates river system, corresponding to modern-day Iraq, the northeastern section of Syria and to a lesser extent southeastern Turkey and smaller parts of southwestern Iran. Widely considered to be the cradle of civilization in the West. ** Natufian culture – Epipaleolithic culture that existed from 13,000 to 9,800 years ago in the Levant. It was unusual in that it was sedentary, or semi-sedentary, before the introduction of agriculture. ***
Tell Abu Hureyra Tell Abu Hureyra ( ar, تل أبو هريرة) is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Upper Euphrates valley in Syria. The tell was inhabited between 13,000 and 9,000 years ago in two main phases: Abu Hureyra 1, dated to the Epipalaeoli ...
– archaeological site located in the Euphrates valley in modern Syria. The remains of the villages within the tell come from over 4,000 years of habitation, spanning the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic periods. The inhabitants of Abu Hureyra started out as hunter-gatherers but gradually transitioned to farming, making them the earliest known farmers in the world. **
Tell Aswad Tell Aswad ( ar, تل أسود, "Hill Black"), Su-uk-su or Shuksa, is a large prehistoric, neolithic tell, about in size, located around from Damascus in Syria, on a tributary of the Barada River at the eastern end of the village of Jdeide ...
– large prehistoric, Neolithic Tell, about 5 hectares (540,000 sq ft) in size, located around 48 kilometres (30 mi) from Damascus in Syria. **
Tell Ramad Tell Ramad ( ar, تل رماد) is a prehistoric, Neolithic tell at the foot of Mount Hermon, about southwest of Damascus in Syria. The tell was the site of a small village of , which was first settled in the late 8th millennium BC. The tell ...
– prehistoric, Neolithic tell at the foot of Mount Hermon, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) southwest of Damascus in Syria. The tell was the site of a small village of 2 hectares (220,000 sq ft), which was first settled in the late eighth millennium BC. **
Halaf culture The Halaf culture is a prehistoric period which lasted between about 6100 BC and 5100 BC. The period is a continuous development out of the earlier Pottery Neolithic and is located primarily in the fertile valley of the Khabur River (Nahr al-K ...
– ***
Tell Halaf Tell Halaf ( ar, تل حلف) is an archaeological site in the Al Hasakah governorate of northeastern Syria, a few kilometers from the city of Ra's al-'Ayn near the Turkish border. The site, which dates to the 6th millennium BCE, was the firs ...
– * Syria during the Bronze Age ** Canaanites – **
Amorites The Amorites (; sux, 𒈥𒌅, MAR.TU; Akkadian: 𒀀𒈬𒊒𒌝 or 𒋾𒀉𒉡𒌝/𒊎 ; he, אֱמוֹרִי, 'Ĕmōrī; grc, Ἀμορραῖοι) were an ancient Northwest Semitic-speaking people from the Levant who also occupied lar ...
– ** Eblaites (Ebla city-state) – **
Ugarit ) , image =Ugarit Corbel.jpg , image_size=300 , alt = , caption = Entrance to the Royal Palace of Ugarit , map_type = Near East#Syria , map_alt = , map_size = 300 , relief=yes , location = Latakia Governorate, Syria , region = ...
es – **
Akkadian Empire The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one ...
– ** Arameans – Northwest Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who originated in what is now modern Syria (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. **
Bronze Age collapse The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC, between c. 1200 and 1150. The collapse affected a large area of the Eastern Mediterranean (North Africa and Southeast Europe) and the Near ...
– sudden and culturally disruptive transition in the Aegean Region, Southwestern Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, during which the palace economy characterising the Late Bronze Age was replaced by the isolated village cultures of the Greek Dark Ages. Prior to and during the Bronze Age Collapse, Syria became a battle ground between the empires of the Hittites, Assyrians, Mitanni and Egyptians, and the coastal regions came under attack from the Sea Peoples. From the 13th Century BCE the Arameans came to prominence in Syria, and the region outside of the Phoenician coastal areas eventually became Aramaic speaking. *
Syro-Hittite states The states that are called Syro-Hittite, Neo-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works), were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwester ...
– *
Phoenicia Phoenicia () was an ancient thalassocratic civilization originating in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. The territory of the Phoenician city-states extended and shrank throughout their histor ...
– * Achaemenid Empire – * Seleucid Empire – ** Roman–Syrian War – * Syria (Roman province) – ** Syria Palaestina – **
List of Roman governors of Syria This is a list of governors of the Roman province of Syria. From 27 BC, the province was governed by an imperial legate of praetorian rank. The province was merged with Roman Judaea in 135 AD to form Syria Palaestina until 193 AD when it was ...
*
Palmyrene Empire The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city, Palmyra, it encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt, ...
**
Palmyra Palmyra (; Palmyrene: () ''Tadmor''; ar, تَدْمُر ''Tadmur'') is an ancient city in present-day Homs Governorate, Syria. Archaeological finds date back to the Neolithic period, and documents first mention the city in the early secon ...
– * Syria in the Middle Ages **
Byzantine Syria Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great. Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea into tetr ...
– ** Muslim conquest of the Levant – *** Rashidun Caliphate – ***
Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by th ...
– **** Bilad al-Sham – ***
Great Seljuq Empire The Great Seljuk Empire, or the Seljuk Empire was a high medieval, culturally Turko-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, founded and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. It spanned a total area of from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to t ...
– *** Ayyubid dynasty ***
Mongol invasions of Syria Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to r ...
– starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. ***
County of Edessa The County of Edessa (Latin: ''Comitatus Edessanus'') was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century. Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017). La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098-115 ...
– ***
Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It exte ...
– ***
Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm ...
– ***
Mamluk Sultanate The Mamluk Sultanate ( ar, سلطنة المماليك, translit=Salṭanat al-Mamālīk), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz (western Arabia) from the mid-13th to early 16t ...
– * Early modern period **
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
*** Ottoman Syria ****
Timeline of Ottoman Syria history Following are timelines of the history of Ottoman Syria, taken as the parts of Ottoman Syria provinces under Ottoman rule. Timeline of history of the parts of Ottoman Syria under Ottoman rule 16th century *July 1516 – Selim I of the Ott ...
* Modern history of Syria **
Kingdom of Syria Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...
(8 March–24 July 1920) ** State of Syria (1924–1930) ** Republic of Syria (1946-1963) ** Ba'athist Republic of Syria (1963-present) ***
1963 Syrian coup d'état The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, referred to by the Syrian government as the 8 March Revolution ( ar, ثورة الثامن من آذار), was the successful seizure of power in Syria by the military committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of ...
***
1966 Syrian coup d'état The 1966 Syrian coup d'état refers to events between 21 and 23 February during which the government of the Syrian Arab Republic was overthrown and replaced. The ruling National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party were removed from power ...
***
1970 Syrian Corrective Revolution The Corrective Movement ( ar, الحركة التصحيحية ''al-Ḥarakah at-Taṣḥīḥīyah''), also referred to as the Corrective Revolution or 1970 coup, is the name of a bloodless coup d'état led by General Hafez Assad on 13 November ...
***
Islamic uprising in Syria The Islamist uprising in Syria comprised a series of revolts and armed insurgencies by Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the Muslim Brotherhood, from 1976 until 1982. The uprising was aimed against the secular Ba'ath Party-controlled governm ...
****
Hama massacre The Hama Massacre ( ar, مجزرة حماة), or Hama Uprising, occurred in February 1982 when the Syrian Arab Army and the Defense Companies, under orders of the country's president Hafez al-Assad, besieged the town of Hama for 27 days in ...
*** 1999 Latakia protests ***
Damascus Spring The Damascus Spring ( ar, ربيع دمشق, ) was a period of intense political and social debate in Syria which started after the death of President Hafiz al-Asad in June 2000 and continued to some degree until autumn 2001, when most of the act ...
***
Ain es Saheb airstrike The Ain es Saheb airstrike occurred on 5 October 2003 and was the first overt Israeli military operation in Syria since the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Operation In response to the suicide bombing in Haifa 12 hours earlier by the Palestinian Islamic ...
*** Syria Accountability Act *** 2004 Al-Qamishli riots *** Damascus Declaration ***
Operation Orchard Operation Outside the Box ( he, מבצע מחוץ לקופסה, ''Mivtza MiHutz LaKufsa''), also known as Operation Orchard ( he, מבצע בוסתן, ''Mivtza Bustan''), was an Israeli airstrike on a suspected nuclear reactor,2008 Abu Kamal raid *** Syrian civil war (15 March 2011 to present) **** Casualties of the Syrian civil war ****
Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war This page provides maps and a list of cities and towns during the Syrian civil war. __NOTOC__ Maps List Syria is subdivided in a hierarchical manner into 14 Governorates (or G.) and 65 Districts A district is a type of administrative d ...
**** Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war **** Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war **** International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war ****
International reactions to the Syrian civil war International reactions to the Syrian Civil War ranged from support for the government to calls for the government to dissolve. The Arab league, United Nations and Western governments in 2011 quickly condemned the Syrian government's response to ...
**** List of articles related to the Syrian civil war **** List of bombings during the Syrian civil war **** List of bombings during the Syrian civil war **** List of heritage sites damaged during Syrian civil war **** List of journalists killed during the Syrian civil war **** Refugees of the Syrian civil war ****
Russia's role in the Syrian civil war Russia has supported the administration of incumbent President Bashar al-Assad of Syria since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011: politically, with military aid, and (since September 2015) with direct military involvement. The 20 ...
**** Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war **** Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon **** Syrian media coverage of the Syrian civil war **** Syrian reactions to the Syrian civil war **** Timeline of the Syrian civil war *****
Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011) This is a broad timeline of the course of major events of the Syrian civil war. It only includes major territorial changes and attacks and does not include every event. The uprising against Syrian president Bashar al-Assad gradually turned ...
***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011) ***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011) ***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012) ***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012) ***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012) ***** Timeline of the Syrian civil war (from January 2013)


History of Syria, by region

*
History of the Middle East The Middle East, interchangeable with the Near East, is home to one of the Cradles of Civilization and has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations. The region's history started from the earliest human settlements and continues ...
**
History of the Levant The Levant is the area in Southwest Asia, south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in the west, the Arabian Desert in the south, and Mesopotamia in the east. It stretches north to south from the Taurus Mountains to the S ...
*** History of Syria ****
History of Aleppo )), is an adjective which means "white-colored mixed with black". , motto = , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = , image_map1 = ...
*****
Ancient City of Aleppo The Ancient City of Aleppo ( ar, مدينة حلب القديمة, Madīnat Ḥalab al-Qadīma) is the historic city centre of Aleppo, Syria. Before the Syrian Civil War, many districts of the ancient city remained essentially unchanged since ...
*****
List of rulers of Aleppo The rulers of Aleppo ruled as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad. Muslim rule of the city end ...
***** Timeline of Aleppo history ****
History of Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ ...
– an ancient Syrian city, Antioch now lies within the borders of Turkey. ***** Battles of Antioch *****
Siege of Antioch The siege of Antioch took place during the First Crusade in 1097 and 1098, on the crusaders' way to Jerusalem through Syria (region), Syria. Two sieges took place in succession. The first siege, by the crusaders against the city held by the Sel ...
***** Siege of Antioch (1268) **** History of Damascus ***** List of rulers of Damascus ***** Timeline of Damascus history **** History of Hama ****
History of Homs ar, حمصي, Himsi , population_urban = , population_density_urban_km2 = , population_density_urban_sq_mi = , population_blank1_title = Ethnicities , population_blank1 = , population_blank2_t ...
*****
First Battle of Homs : ''For other battles in the same area but in different years, see Battle of Homs''. The first Battle of Homs was fought in Homs, Syria, on December 10, 1260, between the Ilkhanates of Persia and the forces of Egypt. After the historic Mamluk ...
*****
Second Battle of Homs The Second Battle of Homs was fought in western Syria on 29 October 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and the Ilkhanate, a division of the Mongol Empire centered on Iran. The battle was part of Abaqa Khan's attempt at taki ...
*****
Siege of Homs The siege of Homs was a military confrontation between the Syrian military and the Syrian opposition in the city of Homs, a major rebel stronghold during the Syrian Civil War. The siege lasted three years from May 2011 to May 2014, and result ...


History of Syria, by subject

* History of religion in Syria ** History of Eastern Christianity *** History of Syriac Christianity ** Islamization of Syria *
Military history of Syria Military history of Syria Antiquity *Military history of the Assyrian Empire * Military history of Persia *Sassanid army Middle Ages *Islamic conquest of Persia *1251–1259 Mongol invasion of Persia, Syria and Mesopotamia *Growth of the Ottoman E ...
**
1972 Israeli air raid in Syria and Lebanon On 8 September 1972, Israeli planes bombed ten Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) bases in Syria and Lebanon as a response to the Munich massacre that took place on 6 September, perpetrated by Black September, a Palestinian terrorist organ ...
**
List of massacres in Syria The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Syria. Syrian Republic/Arab Republic Islamist uprising in Syria Syrian civil war See also * List of massacres during the Syrian civil war * List of massacres in Ottoman Syria ...
** List of wars involving Syria **
List of Syrian flying aces The following Syrian pilots became flying aces by scoring five or more confirmed aerial victories while flying combat against the Israeli Air Force. See also * MiG-21 aces * List of Israeli flying aces * List of Egyptian flying aces Notes Ref ...
**
Terrorism in Syria The same Terrorism in Syria has a long history dating from the Islamist Uprising in the early 1980s and to the ongoing Syrian Civil War which witnessed the rise of radical Islamist groups such as ISIL, al-Nusra and other al-Qaeda affiliated gro ...
*
Mongol invasions of Syria Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to r ...


Culture of Syria

Culture of Syria Syria is a traditional society with a long cultural history. Importance is placed on family, religion, education and self-discipline and respect. The Syrian's taste for the traditional arts is expressed in dances such as the al-Samah, the Dabkeh ...
* Architecture of Syria **
List of castles in Syria This is a list of castles in Syria. Key List of castles See also *List of castles *List of Crusader castles References Sources * * * * * * * {{Castles in Syria Syria Castles Castles Syria Castles A castle is a type of fort ...
** List of cathedrals in Syria * Cuisine of Syria ** Beer in Syria * Festivals in Syria *
Languages of Syria Arabic is the official language of Syria and is the most widely spoken language in the country. Several modern Arabic dialects are used in everyday life, most notably Levantine in the west and Mesopotamian in the northeast. According to ''The Ency ...
* Media of Syria *
Museums in Syria This is a list of museums in Syria. * National Museum of Damascus *National Museum of Aleppo *National Museum of Latakia * National Museum of Tartous * National Museum of the Arts and popular Traditions of Syria * Palmyra Museum *Deir ez-Zor Mu ...
*
National symbols of Syria The national symbols of Syria are official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Syria and of its culture. Symbol References

{{Reflist National symbols of ...
**
Coat of arms of Syria The current coat of arms of Syria or coat of arms of the Syrian Arab Republic () was adopted in 1980, following the 1977 dissolution of the Federation of Arab Republics, whose coat of arms had until then been used by its constituent states. This ...
**
Flag of Syria As a result of the Syrian Civil War since 2011, there are at least two flags used to represent Syria, used by different factions in the war. The incumbent government of the Syrian Arab Republic led by the Ba'ath Party uses the red-white-black tri ...
** National anthem of Syria * Prostitution in Syria * Public holidays in Syria * Records of Syria * Smoking in Syria * Scouting and Guiding in Syria ** Scouts of Syria * World Heritage Sites in Syria


Art in Syria

* Art in Syria ** List of Syrian artists *
Cinema of Syria Syrian cinema has existed since the early 20th century. The first Syrian film was ''Al Muttaham al Baree (The Innocent Suspect)'', released in 1928. Since the early 1960s, the film sector has been mainly managed by the National Organization for ...
**
List of Syrian films This is a list of Syrian films. 22 1970s 1971 * '' A Woman of Fire'' 1973 * ''The Dupes'' ( Tewfik Saleh) *'' Memory of a Night of Love'' * '' Wajh Akhar Lil Hub'' ( Muhammad Shahin) 1974 * '' Al-Mughamara'' ( Muhammad Shahin) * ''Everyday Lif ...
*
Literature of Syria Syrian literature is literature originating from present-day Syria (officially the "Syrian Arabic Republic"), and which may be written in any of the languages of Syria. Syrian literature has been influenced by the country's political history and ...
* Music of Syria * Television in Syria * Theatre in Syria


People of Syria

People of Syria *
Armenians in Syria The Armenians in Syria are Syrian citizens of either full or partial Armenian descent. Syria and the surrounding areas have often served as a refuge for Armenians who fled from wars and persecutions such as the Armenian genocide. However, there ...
* Assyrians in Syria * Iraqis in Syria * List of Syrian people **
List of Druze The list of Druze includes prominent Druze figures who are notable in their areas of expertise. Literature * Naim Araidi – Israeli writer and poet in Hebrew and Arabic. * Reda Mansour – Israeli Hebrew poet and writer and former ambass ...
**
List of people from Damascus The following is a list of notable people from Damascus, Syria. Ancient * Abd ar-Rahman I - founder of Omayyad dynasty in Cordoba * Ananias - one of the Seventy Disciples * Apollodorus of Damascus - Syrian architect * Ibn al-Nafis - polymath ...
**
List of people from Homs The following is a list of notable people from Homs and ancient Emesa. Ancient see the Royal family of Emesa * Papinian (142-212), Jurist *Alexander Severus (c. 208-235), Roman emperor * Anicetus, Pope, 154-167 * Cassius Longinus (c. 213-273), ...
** List of people from Latakia **
List of Syrian Armenians This is a list of some famous Armenians, Armenians in Syria. Politics and military *Sarkis Assadourian (born 1948, Aleppo), former member of Canadian Parliament *Samuel Der-Yeghiayan (born 1952, Aleppo), United States federal judge, noteworthy fo ...
** List of Syrian artists **
List of Syrian defectors During the rule of the al-Assad family and the Syrian Civil War, a number of prominent Syrian figures have defected to either the rebellion or to other countries: During Hafez al-Assad rule * Bassam Adal – 1989 (to Israel) During Bashar al- ...


Religion in Syria

Religion in Syria * List of monasteries in Syria *
Christianity in Syria Christians in Syria make up about 10% of the population. The country's largest Christian denomination is the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, closely followed by the Greek Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which has a commo ...
** Eastern Orthodoxy in Syria **
Roman Catholicism in Syria The Catholic Church in Syria is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. There are 368,000 Catholics in Syria (and its refugee diaspora), approximately 2% of the total population. The Catholics of ...
** List of cathedrals in Syria ** Syriac Christianity * Hinduism in Syria *
Islam in Syria different denominations and sects of Islam are practised within Syria, whom collectively, constitute approximately 87% of the population and form a majority in most of the districts of the country. The Sunni Muslims make up the vast majority in ...
** List of mosques in Aleppo ** List of mosques in Damascus ** List of mosques in Syria *
Judaism in Syria Religion in Syria refers to the range of religions practiced by the citizens of Syria. Historically, the region has been a mosaic of diverse faiths with a range of different sects within each of these religious communities. The majority of Syria ...
* Sikhism in Syria


Sports in Syria

Sports in Syria *
Football in Syria french: Les aigles de Qasyoun) , first = 1900s , registered = , clubs = , national_list = , club_list = Syrian Premier League Syrian League 1st Division Syrian League 2nd DivisionSyrian CupSyrian Super Cup , other_lis ...
**
List of football clubs in Syria A list of football teams in Syria in the top division. * Abu Hardub SC * Afrin * Ommal Aleppo * Amuda SC * Al-Arabi SC (Syria) * Arihah SC * Al-Bab SC * Baniyas Refinery * Barada SC * Bathrobe Dwane SC * Abu Kamal SC * Al-Bariqa * Dara ...
**
List of football stadiums in Syria The following is a list of football stadiums in Syria sorted by their capacities. Future stadiums See also * List of association football stadiums by capacity {{Asia topic, List of football stadiums in * Syria Stadiums A stadium ...
** Syria national football team results *** Syria national football team results 2009 *** Syria national football team results 2010 ** Syrian Premier League top scorers * Syria at the Olympics **
List of flag bearers for Syria at the Olympics This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Syria at the Olympics.Syria< ...
* Rugby union in Syria


Economy and infrastructure of Syria

Economy of Syria Syria's economic situation has been turbulent and their economy has deteriorated considerably since the beginning of the Syrian civil war, which erupted in March 2011.
*
Agriculture in Syria Despite the crisis in Syria, agriculture remains a key part of the economy. The sector still accounts for an estimated 26 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) and represents a critical safety net for the 6.7 million Syrians – including those i ...
** Forestry in Syria * Banking in Syria ** Central Bank of Syria ** Commercial Bank of Syria *
Communications in Syria The Syrian Ministry of Communications retains governmental authority over the internet in Syria. Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services ...
**
Telecommunications in Syria The Syrian Ministry of Communications retains governmental authority over the internet in Syria. Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services ...
* List of Radio Towers in Syria ***
Telephone numbers in Syria Telephone numbers in Syria, lists the telephone numbering and dialing conventions in Syria. Dialing conventions * For dialing a number from a land line to the land line in the same area (city), only the local number of destination is needed. * Fo ...
*** Television in Syria ***
Internet in Syria The Syrian Ministry of Communications retains governmental authority over the internet in Syria. Prior to the Syrian civil war, telecommunications in Syria were slowly moving towards liberalization, with a number of licenses awarded and services ...
** Media in Syria *** List of radio stations in Syria *** Newspapers in Syria *
Companies of Syria A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared go ...
* Currency of Syria: Pound ** ISO 4217: SYP *
Damascus Securities Exchange The Damascus Securities Exchange (DSE) ( ar, سوق دمشق للأوراق المالية, translit=Sūq Dimashq lil-'Awrāq al-Māliyyah) is a stock exchange located in Damascus, Syria. Founded in 2009, it is the only stock exchange in Syria. The ...
* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 75th (seventy-fifth) * Energy in Syria ** Energy policy of Syria ** Nuclear energy in Syria ** Power stations in Syria ** Oil industry in Syria * Mining in Syria *
Tourism in Syria Although Syria has some of the oldest cities in Western Asia, such as Damascus and Aleppo (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), tourism in Syria has greatly reduced as a result of the Syrian War, that began in 2011 and is ongoing, and its associated re ...
*
Transport in Syria Transport in Syria is possible by rail, road, air or rivers, both public and private. Syria is a developed Asian country with a well-developed rail network (2,052 km) and a highway system (782 km). Main international airport is the Damasc ...
** Air transport in Syria ***
Airlines of Syria An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines use aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements, in which ...
***
Airports in Syria This is a list of airports in Syria, sorted by location. Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the sout ...
**
Rail transport in Syria General Establishment of Syrian Railways ( ar, المؤسسة العامة للخطوط الحديدية, french: Chemins de fer syriens, CFS) is the national railway operator for the state of Syria, subordinate to the Ministry of Transportation ...
** Roads in Syria ** Vehicle registration plates of Syria * Waste management in Syria **
Water supply and sanitation in Syria Syria is a semi-arid country with scarce water resources. The largest water-consuming sector in Syria is agriculture. Domestic water use is only about 9% of total water use.M. Salman & W. Mulla. The Utilization of Water Resources for Agriculture ...
* Water in Syria **
Water supply and sanitation in Syria Syria is a semi-arid country with scarce water resources. The largest water-consuming sector in Syria is agriculture. Domestic water use is only about 9% of total water use.M. Salman & W. Mulla. The Utilization of Water Resources for Agriculture ...
**
Water resources management in Syria Water resources management in Syria is confronted with numerous challenges. First, all of the country's major rivers are shared with neighboring countries, and Syria depends to a large extent on the inflow of water from Turkey through the Euphrate ...


Education in Syria

Education in Syria Education in the Syrian Arab Republic is given the necessary attention and care by the Syrian state, as the Syrian Constitution guarantees the right to education to every citizen, which is compulsory and free at primary level. It is free but n ...
* Academic grading in Syria *
List of schools in Syria This is a list of primary and secondary schools in the Asian country of Syria. Tertiary schools are presented separately in the list of universities in Syria. Aleppo Schools in the city of Aleppo include: Private schools * AGBU Armenian Ce ...
*
List of universities in Syria This is a list of universities in Syria including public, private, military and police institutions. Public universities and colleges As of 2018, there are 8 public universities, 1 colleges, 1 virtual university, in addition to 6 higher institutes ...
* List of medical schools in Syria


Health in Syria

Health in Syria * List of medical schools in Syria * Smoking in Syria


See also

Syria * Index of Syria-related articles *
List of international rankings This is a list of international rankings. By category Agriculture * List of largest producing countries of agricultural commodities *List of countries by apple production * List of countries by apricot production * List of countries by artichoke ...
*
Member state of the United Nations The United Nations member states are the sovereign states that are members of the United Nations (UN) and have equal representation in the UN General Assembly. The UN is the world's largest intergovernmental organization. The criteria ...
* Outline of Asia *
Outline of geography The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography: Geography – study of earth and its people. Nature of geography Geography as * an academic discipline – a body of knowledge given to − ...
*
Greeks in Syria The Greeks in Syria arrived in the 7th century BC and became more prominent during the Hellenistic period and when the Seleucid Empire was centered there. Today, there is a Greek community of about 4,500 in Syria, most of whom have Syrian natio ...
*
Kurds in Syria The Kurdish population of Syria ( ar, كرد سورية) is the country's largest ethnic minority, usually estimated at around 10% of the Syrian population Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria, constituting around 10 per cent of th ...
*
Cabinet of Syria (2001–2003) The second Mustafa Mero government was the first Syrian government during the presidency of Bashar al-Assad. It was established on 13 December 2001 and lasted until 10 September 2003 when the President designated Muhammad Naji al-Otari to form a ...
* Cabinet of Syria (2003–2011) * Embassy of Syria in Moscow * Embassy of Syria, Berlin *
Embassy of Syria, London The Embassy of Syria in London ( ar, سفارة الجمهورية العربية السورية في لندن) was the diplomatic mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Kingdom. The chancery is located at 8 Belgrave Square of London. ...
*
Embassy of Syria, Washington, D.C. The Embassy of Syria in Washington, D.C. ( ar, سفارة الجمهورية العربية السورية في واشنطن) is the suspended diplomatic mission of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United States. The final ambassador of the Syria ...
* 2011 in Syria * 2013 Israeli Airstrike in Syria *
Ambassador of Syria to the United States The Ambassador from Syria to the United States is Syria's foremost diplomatic representative in the United States, and in charge of Syria's diplomatic mission in the US. List of heads of mission Ambassadors to the US *March 19, 1945–1947: ...
* Antiglobalization activists in Syria *
Armenian Evangelical Christian Endeavor Union of Syria and Lebanon The Armenian Evangelical Christian Endeavor Union of Syria and Lebanon ( hy, Լիբանանի և Սուրիոյ Հայ Աւետարանական Եկեղեցիներու Քրիստոնէական Ջանից Միութիւն) is the youth organizatio ...
* Bank of Syria and Overseas * Canadians of Syrian ancestry * Center for Documentation of Violations in Syria * Commercial Bank of Syria * Domnina of Syria * Entrepreneurship policies in Syria *
Friends of Syria Group The Group of Friends of the Syrian People (sometimes Friends of Syria Group, Friends of the Syrian People Group, Friends of Democratic Syria or simply Friends of Syria) is an international diplomatic collective of countries and bodies convening p ...
* General Union of Syrian Women * Hama uprising in Syria * History of Syria: including Lebanon and Palestine *
History of the Jews in Syria Syrian Jews had predominantly two origins: those who inhabited Syria from early times and the Sephardim who fled to Syria after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492 CE. There were large Jewish communities in Aleppo, Damascus, and Qamishl ...
* International rankings of Syria *
Internet censorship in Syria Internet censorship in Syria is extensive. Syria bans websites for political reasons and arrests people accessing them. Filtering and blocking was found to be pervasive in the political and Internet tools areas, and selective in the social and co ...
*
Islamic uprising in Syria The Islamist uprising in Syria comprised a series of revolts and armed insurgencies by Sunni Islamists, mainly members of the Muslim Brotherhood, from 1976 until 1982. The uprising was aimed against the secular Ba'ath Party-controlled governm ...
* Jobert of Syria *
King of Syria The title King of Syria appeared in the second century BC in referring to the Seleucid kings who ruled the entirety of the region of Syria. It was also used to refer to Aramean kings in the Greek translations of the Old Testament, mainly indicatin ...
*
Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria The Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria (Kurdish: ''Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê li Sûriyê'' ku, پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان سووری; ar, الحزب الديمقراطي الكُردستاني في سوريا ''Hizb Al- ...
*
LGBT rights in Syria Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Syrian Arab Republic face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Article 520 of the penal code of 1949, prohibits "carnal relations against the order of nature", and p ...
*
List of Lebanese in Syrian jails This is a list of hundreds of Lebanese citizens believed to be illegally imprisoned in Syria. List of Lebanese detained in Syrian prisons Syrian Response In 2000, Syria released 54 Lebanese political prisoners, which according to the Syria ...
* List of Seljuk rulers in Syria (1076–1117) * List of Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch * List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch * List of Syriac Patriarchs of Antioch from 512 to 1783 *
List of Syriac writers Syriac literature is literature in the Syriac language. It is a tradition going back to the Late Antiquity. It is strongly associated with Syriac Christianity. Terminology In modern Syriac studies, and also within the wider field of Aramaic stu ...
* Local Coordination Committees of Syria *
Macedonius of Syria Macedonius the Hermit, sometimes known as Macedonius Kritophagus, lived at the turn of the fourth to fifth century in Byzantine Syria. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, with a feast day of January 24. Macedonius began his ...
* Malchus of Syria *
Military ranks of Syria The Military ranks of Syria are the military insignia used by the Syrian Armed Forces. The Syrian military ranks use a rank structure similar to that of the United Kingdom and the French Armed Forces. Commissioned officer ranks The rank insignia ...
*
Movement for Justice and Development in Syria The Movement for Justice and Development in Syria ( ar, حركة العدالة والبناء في سورية ''Ḥarakat Al-'Idalat Wal-Bana'a fi Suriyah'') is a political party and movement founded in the year 2006 and based in London, United Ki ...
*
Muslim Brotherhood of Syria The Muslim Brotherhood of Syria ( ar, الإخوان المسلمون في سوريا, translit=al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn fī Sūrīya) is a Syrian branch of the Sunni Islamist Muslim Brotherhood organization. Its objective is the transformatio ...
* Names of Syriac Christians *
Nicanor of Syria Nicanor (; el, Nικάνωρ ''Nīkā́nōr'') was a Syrian Greek who lived in the 3rd century BC under Seleucid Empire. Together with a Gaul named Apaturius, he assassinated Seleucus III Ceraunus during his expedition into Asia against Attalus I ...
*
Postage stamps and postal history of Syria This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Syria. Syria, is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southw ...
*
Stratonice of Syria Stratonice or Stratonica of Syria ( grc, Στρατoνίκη, c. 320 BC - 254 BC) was Queen of the Seleucid Empire from 300 BC until 294 BC and from 281 BC until 261 BC. Biography Stratonice of Syria was the daughter of king Demetrius Poliorcetes ...
*
Thalassius and Limneus Saints Thalassius and Limneus (5th century) were Syrian hermits. Their feast day is 22 February. Monks of Ramsgate account The monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate wrote in their ''Book of Saints'' (1921), Butler's account The hagiographer ...
* The Day After: Supporting a Democratic Transition in Syria


References


External links

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