The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iran:

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

–

sovereign country A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined terri ...

located in Southwest Asia and the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

. Iran is bound by the

Gulf of Oman The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman ( ar, خليج عمان ''khalīj ʿumān''; fa, دریای عمان ''daryâ-ye omân''), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran ( ar, خلیج مکران ''khalīj makrān''; fa, دریای مکرا� ...

and the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...

to the south and the

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...

to its north.

Shi'a Islam Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most n ...

is the official religion, and

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

is the official language. Iran's population is about 83,500,000; and is the 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at . Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC.Xinhua, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran", 10 August 2007
retrieved 1 October 2007
retrieved 1 October 2007 Iranian.ws, "Archaeologists: Modern civilization began in Iran based on new evidence", 12 August 2007
retrieved 1 October 2007 Throughout history, Iran has been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

and is a

regional power In international relations, since the late 20thcentury, the term "regional power" has been used for a sovereign state that exercises significant power within a given geographical region.Joachim Betz, Ian Taylor"The Rise of (New) Regional Powe ...

.parliament.uk, "Select Committee on Foreign Affairs, Eighth Report, Iran
retrieved 1 October 2007
, retrieved 1 October 2007 The political system of Iran, based on the 1979

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of Legal entity, entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When ...

, comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader, currently

Ayatollah Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیت‌الله, āyatollāh) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from ...

Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president o ...

General reference

Pronunciation Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ("correct pronunciation") or simply the way a particular ...

: * Common English country name:

, archaic

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

* Official English country name: The

Islamic Republic of Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

* Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

(s): * Official endonym(s): * Adjectival(s):

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

(s): *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

Name of Iran In the Western world, ''Persia'' (or one of its cognates) was historically the common name used for Iran. On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah officially asked foreign delegates to use the Persian term ''Iran'' (meaning the land of Aryans in Persian) ...

International rankings of Iran The following are List of international rankings, international rankings for Iran: Agriculture Communication and information technology Demographics Economy Education Energy Environment and ecology General Globalization ...

** 18th largest country ** 17th most populous country * ISO country codes: IR, IRN, 364 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IR *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all t ...

.ir .ir is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Iran. It is managed by the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences. Second-level domains * .ir – public * .ac.ir – academic (tertiary education and research est ...

Geography of Iran

Geography of Iran * Iran is: a

country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

* Location: **

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

and

Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pol ...

***

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

**** Southwest Asia ***

**** Iranian plateau **** Armenian highlands **

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

(partly) **

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, Commerce, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between Country, countries and their Administrative division, subdivisions instead of ...

Iran Standard Time Iran Standard Time (IRST) or Iran Time (IT) is the time zone used in Iran. Iran uses a UTC offset UTC+03:30. IRST is defined by the 52.5 degrees east meridian, the same meridian which defines the Iranian calendar and is the official meridian of I ...

UTC+03:30,

Iran Daylight Time Iran Standard Time (IRST) or Iran Time (IT) is the time zone used in Iran. Iran uses a UTC offset UTC+03:30. IRST is defined by the 52.5 degrees east meridian, the same meridian which defines the Iranian calendar and is the official meridian of I ...

UTC+04:30 ** Extreme points of Iran *** High: Damavand *** Low:

** Land boundaries: 5,440 km :: 1,458 km :: 992 km :: 950 km :: 950 km :: 611 km :: 499 km :: 35 km :* Coastline: 2,440 km

also borders the

, a remnant of the ancient

Paratethys Sea The Paratethys sea, Paratethys ocean, Paratethys realm or just Paratethys was a large shallow inland sea that stretched from the region north of the Alps over Central Europe to the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Paratethys was peculiar due to its pal ...

. *

Population of Iran Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

: 79,966,230 people (2017

estimate Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is der ...

) - 18th most populous country * Area of Iran: - 18th largest country * Atlas of Iran

Environment of Iran

Environment of Iran Environmental issues in Iran include, especially in urban areas, vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents which contribute to poor air quality. A report by the United Nations Environment Programme ranked Iran at 117th place ...

* Climate of Iran *

Environmental issues in Iran Environmental issues in Iran include, especially in Urban area, urban areas, vehicle emissions, Oil refinery, refinery operations, and industrial effluents which contribute to poor air quality. A report by the United Nations Environment Programme r ...

* Renewable energy in Iran * Geology of Iran ** List of earthquakes in Iran *

Protected areas of Iran Protection is any measure taken to guard a thing against damage caused by outside forces. Protection can be provided to physical objects, including organisms, to systems, and to intangible things like civil and political rights. Although th ...

** Biosphere reserves in Iran **

National parks of Iran The National parks and protected areas, and wildlife refuges, of Iransepehr Listings There are around 200 protected areas in Iran to preserve the precious biodiversity of this country and there are about 16 National Parks among them that are ...

Wildlife of Iran The wildlife of Iran include the fauna and flora of Iran. One of the most famous wildlife of Iran is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus venaticus''), which today survives only in Iran. History The wildlife of Iran first ...

** Fauna of Iran ***

Birds of Iran Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight s ...

*** Mammals of Iran

Natural geographic features of Iran

Glaciers A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation over many years, often centuries. It acquires distinguishing features, such as ...

of Iran: None *

Islands of Iran An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...

Lakes of Iran A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...

Mountains of Iran A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited summit area, and is usually higher th ...

** Volcanoes in Iran *

Rivers of Iran A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wa ...

Waterfalls of Iran A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in several ...

* Valleys of Iran *

List of World Heritage Sites in Iran The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Iran accepted ...

Regions of Iran

Ecoregions of Iran

List of ecoregions in Iran

Administrative divisions of Iran

Administrative divisions of Iran The first level of country subdivisions of Iran are the provinces ( fa, استان‌ها ; ''ostānhā''). Each province is further subdivided into counties called shahrestan ( fa, شهرستان, translit=shahrestān), and each county (or shahr ...

Provinces of Iran Iran is subdivided into thirty-one provinces ( fa, استان ''ostân''), each governed from a local centre, usually the largest local city, which is called the capital (Persian: , '' markaz'') of that province. The provincial authority is h ...

Counties of Iran Iran's counties (''shahrestan'', fa, شهرستان, also romanized as ''šahrestân'') are administrative divisions of larger provinces (''ostan''). The word ''shahrestan'' comes from the Persian words ' ("city, town") and ' ("province, state ...

*** Municipalities of Iran

= Provinces of Iran

= Counties of Iran

= Municipalities of Iran

= Municipalities of Iran *

Cities of Iran This is a list of cities in Iran, categorized by province. The census years listed below comes from the Statistical Center of Iran; since the year 2006 the country of Iran has had a census every 5 years. The cities that are bold are capitals of pr ...

Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...

of Iran:

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

Demography of Iran

Demographics of Iran Demography () is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. Demographic analysis examines and measures the dimensions and dynamics of populations; it can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as edu ...

Government and politics of Iran

Politics of Iran The politics of Iran takes place in the framework of an Islamic theocracy which was formed following the overthrow of Iran's millennia-long monarchy by the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution. Iran's system of government (''nezam'') has been de ...

Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

of Iran:

Elections in Iran Iran elects on national level a head of state and the head of government (the president), a legislature (the Majlis), and an "Assembly of Experts" (which elects the Supreme Leader). City and Village Council elections are also held every four yea ...

Political parties in Iran This article lists political parties in Iran. Parties active inside Iran Principlists parties ;Main active parties ;Other parties Reformists ;Main active parties ;Other parties ;Banned parties Outlawed parties tolerated inside Iran O ...

Taxation in Iran Taxation in Iran is levied and collected by the Iranian National Tax Administration under the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs of the Government of Iran. In 2008, about 55% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas reven ...

Branches of the government of Iran

Government of Iran The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Neẓām-e jomhūrī-e eslāmi-e Irān, known simply as ''Neẓām'' ( fa, نظام, lit=the system) among its supporters) is the ruling state a ...

Executive branch of the government of Iran

* Assembly of Experts ** Elects the Supreme Leader ** Has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time ** Supervises the Supreme Leader in the performance of legal duties *

Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

: Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei *

Head of government The head of government is the highest or the second-highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a gro ...

: President of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi * Vice President of Iran - anyone appointed by the

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ful ...

to lead an organization related to presidential affairs. There are currently 10 Vice Presidents in Iran: *#First Vice President,

Eshaq Jahangiri Eshaq Jahangiri Kouhshahi ( fa, ‌اسحاق جهانگیری کوهشاهی, ; born 21 January 1958) is an Iranian politician who served as the sixth first vice president from 2013 until 2021 in Hassan Rouhani's government. Jahangiri was the ...

*#Vice President and Head of

Atomic Energy Organization of Iran The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) is the main Iranian government agency responsible for operating nuclear energy and nuclear fuel cycle installations in Iran. AEOI is the primary organization responsible for nuclear technology researc ...

, Ali Akbar Salehi *#Vice President and Head of Environmental Protection Organization,

Masoumeh Ebtekar Masoumeh Ebtekar ( fa, معصومه ابتکار; born 21 September 1960) was the former Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, from August 9, 2017, to September 1, 2021. She previously headed Department of Environment from 1997 t ...

*#Vice President and Head of Management and Planning Organization,

Mohammad Bagher Nobakht Mohammad Bagher Nobakht Haghighi ( fa, محمد باقر نوبخت حقیقی; born 13 December 1950 in Rasht, Iran) is an Iranian politician and economist. He was Hassan Rouhani's advisor for Supervision and Strategic Affairs and also was the ...

*#Vice President for Executive Affairs,

Mohammad Shariatmadari Mohammad Shariatmadari (born 24 June 1960) is an Iranian politician and former Minister of Cooperatives, Labour and Social Welfare. He was in position of minister of Industry, from 2017 to 2018. He also served as minister of commerce from 1997 to ...

*#Vice President for Science and Technology and Head of

Iran's National Elites Foundation Iran's National Elites Foundation (INEF) ( fa, بنياد ملي نخبگان, '' Benyad-e Mili-ye Nuxebegan'') is an Iranian governmental organization. The main purpose of the foundation is to recognize, organize and support Iran's elite nationa ...

Sorena Sattari Sorena Sattari ( fa, سورنا ستاری; born 1972) is an Iranian scientist, inventor. He was the vice president of science and technology, under President Hassan Rouhani and Ebrahim Raisi from 2013 to 2022. Education Sattari received a Bac ...

*#Vice President for Legal Affairs,

Elham Aminzadeh Elham Aminzadeh ( fa, الهام امین‌زاده; born 1964) is an Iranian academic, lawmaker and the former assistant to President Hassan Rouhani in citizenship rights. She was formerly vice president in legal affairs. Early life and educati ...

*#Vice President for Parliamentary Affairs, Majid Ansari *#Vice President for International Affairs,

Akbar Torkan Akbar Torkan ( fa, اکبر ترکان; 1952–2021) was an Iranian mechanical engineer and politician, who was the President Hassan Rouhani's chief adviser from 2013 to 2018. He served as the CEO of Iran's Construction Engineering Organization f ...

*#Vice President and Head of Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs,

Mohammad-Ali Shahidi Hojjatoleslam Sayyid Mohammad Ali Shahidi Mahallati ( fa, سید محمد علی شهیدی محلاتی) was an Iranian cleric and politician who served as Director of Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs from 2013 to 2020. In 2009, form ...

*#Vice President and Head of Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts and Tourism Organization, Mohammad-Ali Najafi *#Vice President for Women and Family Affairs,

Shahindokht Molaverdi Shahindokht Molaverdi ( fa, شهیندخت مولاوردی; born 23 October 1965) is an Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for th ...

Council of Ministers of Iran {{short description, None This is a list of Iranian officials with their titles. Heads *Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader *Ebrahim Raisi, President *Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Speaker of the Parliament *Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i, Chief Justic ...

*# Ministry of Agricultural, Mahmoud Hojjati *#

Ministry of Communications and Information Technology A Communications Ministry or Department of Communications is a ministry or other government agency charged with communication. Communications responsibilities includes regulating telecommunications, postal services, broadcasting and print media. T ...

Mahmoud Vaezi Mahmoud Vaezi ( fa, محمود واعظی, born 22 May 1952) is an Iranian engineer, politician and former diplomat. He was minister of communication from 2013 until 2017 and chief of staff of the president of Iran from 2017 to 2021. He obtaine ...

*# Minister of Cooperatives,

Mohammad Abbasi Mohammad Abbasi ( fa, محمد عباسی, born 28 February 1958) is an Iranian politician who is the former minister of youth affairs and sports. He was Minister of Cooperatives in the first and second Cabinet of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from 2 ...

*# Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance,

Ali Jannati Ali Jannati ( fa, علی جنتی, born 1949) is an Iranian politician and former diplomat who served as counselor to the head of Iranian presidential administration, in the second cabinet of Hassan Rouhani. He was minister of culture from 15 Au ...

Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics The Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces Logistics (MODAFL; fa, وزارت دفاع و پشتیبانی نیروهای مسلح, vezarat-e defa' va poshtibani-ey niruha-ye mosallah) is the defence ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran and par ...

Hossein Dehghan Hossein Dehghani Poudeh ( fa, حسین دهقانی پوده; born 2 March 1957), commonly known as Hossein Dehghan, is a former IRGC air force officer with the rank of brigadier general and the former minister of defense of Iran. He was designat ...

*# Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance,

Ali Tayebnia Ali Tayebnia ( fa, علی طیب‌نیا, born 5 April 1960) is an Iranian academic, economist and former minister of finance. He was designated by President Hassan Rouhani for the position of finance minister on 4 August 2013 and was confirmed ...

*# Ministry of Education,

Ali Asghar Fani Ali Asghar Fani ( fa, علی‌اصفر فانی) is an Iranian politician and former Minister of Education. He took the office as acting minister on 23 August 2013 after parliament rejected nominated Mohammad-Ali Najafi for the post. He was off ...

Ministry of Energy A Ministry of Energy or Department of Energy is a government department in some countries that typically oversees the production of fuel and electricity; in the United States, however, it manages nuclear weapons development and conducts energy-relat ...

Hamid Chitchian Hamid Chitchian ( fa, حمید چیت‌چیان, born 21 March 1957) is an Iranian politician and the former intelligence head. He had been energy minister of Iran from 15 August 2013 until 20 August 2017. Early life Chitchian was born in Tabr ...

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entit ...

Mohammad Javad Zarif Mohammad Javad Zarif Khansari ( fa, محمدجواد ظریف خوانساری, Mohammad-Javād Zarīf Khānsāri ; ; born 8 January 1960) is an Iranian career diplomat and academic. He was the foreign minister of Iran from 2013 until 2021 in th ...

*# Minister of Health and Medical Education,

Hassan Hashemi Sayyid Hassan Ghazizadeh Hashemi ( fa, سید حسن قاضی‌زاده هاشمی; born 21 March 1959) is an Iranian ophthalmologist and associate professor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who served as the Minister of Health and Medica ...

*# Ministry of Industries and Business, Mohammadreza Nematzadeh *# Ministry of Intelligence and National Security,

Mahmoud Alavi Al-Zobb Mahmoud Alavi ( fa, محمود علوی; born 4 May 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician, and formerly minister of intelligence in Hassan Rouhani's government. Early life Alavi was born in Lamerd, Fars province, in 1954. He ho ...

*# Ministry of Interior,

Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli ( fa, عبدالرضا رحمانی فضلی; born 1959) is an Iranian Iranian Principlists, conservative politician and Ministry of Interior (Iran), interior minister of Hassan Rouhani's Government of Hassan Rouhani (201 ...

Ministry of Justice (Iran) Introduction Established in 1906, the Minister of Justice is responsible for prosecuting government cases. In other words, the justice minister is the attorney-general of the country. However, he has nothing to do with policing which is the r ...

Mostafa Pour Mohammadi Mostafa Pour-Mohammadi ( fa, مصطفی پورمحمدی; born 9 March 1960, Qom) is an Iranian politician and prosecutor, who has served at different positions and cabinet posts. He was minister of interior from 2005 to 2008 and minister of jus ...

*# Minister of Labour and Social Affairs,

Ali Rabei Ali Rabei ( fa, علی ربیعی, born 6 December 1955), also known by his nickname, Ebad, is an Iranian politician and former intelligence officer. He served as the Minister of Labor from 2013 to 2018. He was an adviser to the former President ...

Ministry of Petroleum A ministry of petroleum or ministry of oil is a kind of government ministry often found in countries that are producers and exporters of petroleum. Examples include: * Ministry of Oil, Kuwait * Ministry of Oil, Iraq * Ministry of Oil and Gas, K ...

, Bijan Namdar Zanganeh *# Minister of Science, Research, and Technology, Reza Faraji Dana *# Ministry of Transportation and Housing,

Abbas Ahmad Akhoundi Abbas Ahmad Akhoundi ( fa, عباس آخوندی, born 6 June 1957) is an Iranian politician and academic and former Ministry of Roads and Urban Development (Iran), Minister of Roads and Urban Development, from 2013 to 2018. In 1993, Akhoundi beca ...

*# Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,

Mahmoud Goudarzi Mahmoud Goudarzi ( fa, محمود گودرزی, born c. 1955) is an Iranian politician and former wrestler. He had served as the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports of Iran from 17 November 2013 until 19 October 2016. Career From 1969 to 1978 ...

Legislative branch of the government of Iran

Majlis of Iran The Islamic Consultative Assembly ( fa, مجلس شورای اسلامی, Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmī), also called the Iranian Parliament, the Iranian Majles (Arabicised spelling Majlis) or ICA, is the national legislative body of Iran. The P ...

(

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multic ...

parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

) ** drafts legislation ** ratifies international treaties ** approves the national budget *

Guardian Council The Guardian Council, (also called Council of Guardians or Constitutional Council, fa, شورای نگهبان, Shourā-ye Negahbān) is an appointed and constitutionally mandated 12-member council that wields considerable power and influence i ...

** 12 members *** 6 appointed by the Supreme Leader *** 6 elected by the Majlis ** Powers and responsibilities: *** Supervises elections *** Approves or rejects candidates for president, Majlis, and the Assembly of Experts *** Reviews all bills passed by the Majlis for constitutionality and compatibility with Islamic law, and approves or vetoes them * Expediency Discernment Council ** Appointed by Supreme Leader ** Main purpose is to mediate disputes between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians ** Also serves as an advisory board to the Supreme Leader

Judicial branch of the government of Iran

Judicial system of Iran A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era. After the 1979 overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty by the Islamic Revolut ...

Supreme Court of Iran The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns cr ...

Special Clerical Court Special Clerical Court, or Special Court for Clerics ( fa, دادگاه ویژه روحانیت) is a special Iranian court system for prosecuting Islamic clergymen and scholars accused of improper activity and conduct unbecoming of a cleric. The ...

- for trying

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

clerics, and accountable only to the Supreme Leader

Foreign relations of Iran

Foreign relations of Iran The foreign relations of Iran are the economic and diplomatic relationships between the Iranian government and governments of other countries. Geography is a very significant factor in informing Iran's foreign policy. Following the 1979 Iranian ...

* Iran-Arab relations * Diplomatic missions in Iran *

Diplomatic missions of Iran This is a list of diplomatic missions of Iran. Iran has a substantial diplomatic network, reflecting its foreign affairs priorities within the Islamic and Non-Aligned world. In Washington, D.C. the Embassy of Pakistan looks after the interests o ...

International organization membership

International organization membership of Iran The Islamic Republic of Iran is a member of: *

Colombo Plan The Colombo Plan is a regional intergovernmental organization that began operations on 1 July 1951. The organization was conceived at an international conference, The Commonwealth Conference on Foreign Affairs held in Colombo, Ceylon (now Sri L ...

(CP) *

Economic Cooperation Organization The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is an Asian political and economic intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve dev ...

(ECO) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) * Group of 15 (G15) * Group of 24 (G24) *

Group of 77 The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 fou ...

(G77) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sc ...

(ICAO) *

International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals ...

(ICCt) (signatory) *

International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

(Interpol) *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...

(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *

International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...

(IFAD) *

International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography. , the IHO comprised 98 Member States. A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters a ...

(IHO) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) *

International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...

(IMO) *

International Mobile Satellite Organization The International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites. Some of these services concern: ...

(IMSO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Migration The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations agency that provides services and advice concerning migration to governments and migrants, including internally displaced persons, refugees, and migrant workers. The IOM was ...

(IOM) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Ar ...

(ISO) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) *

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...

(ITU) *

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001. It incorporates the principle set forth i ...

(ITSO) *

Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...

(IPU) * Islamic Development Bank (IDB) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *

Nonaligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide. The movement originated in the aftermath ...

(NAM) * Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) *

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...

(OPCW) * Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) *

Permanent Court of Arbitration The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that arise ...

(PCA) * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) (observer) * South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) (observer) *

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

(UN) *

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...

(UNCTAD) *

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

(UNESCO) *

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integrati ...

(UNHCR) *

United Nations Industrial Development Organization The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (French: Organisation des Nations unies pour le développement industriel; French/Spanish acronym: ONUDI) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that assists countries in e ...

(UNIDO) * United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to t ...

(UPU) * World Confederation of Labour (WCL) * World Customs Organization (WCO) *

World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation of ...

(WFTU) *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...

(WHO) *

World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, 15 specialized agencies of the United Nation ...

(WIPO) *

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Internati ...

(WMO) *

World Tourism Organization The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United Nations specialized agency entrusted with the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. Its headquarters are in Madrid, Spain. UNWTO is the leading internati ...

(UNWTO) *

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and e ...

(WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Iran

Law of Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

* Capital punishment in Iran *

Constitution of Iran The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, ''Qanun-e Asasi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslâmi-ye Iran'') was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replac ...

Crime in Iran Crime in Iran is present in various forms, and may include the following offences: murder, kidnapping, theft, fraud, money laundering, drug trafficking, drug dealing, alcohol smuggling, oil smuggling, tax evasion, terrorism , not wearing ...

* Human rights in Iran (1925–1979) **

Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran The Imperial state of Iran, the government of Iran during the Pahlavi dynasty, lasted from 1925 to 1979. During that time two monarchs — Reza Shah Pahlavi and his son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi — employed secret police, torture, and executions ...

(1925–1979) **

Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized by Iranians and international human rights activists, by writers, and NGOs. The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission

(1979–present) **

LGBT rights in Iran Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Iran face severe legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Sexual activity between members of the same sex is illegal and can be punishable by up to death, and people can l ...

Freedom of religion in Iran Freedom is understood as either having the ability to act or change without constraint or to possess the power and resources to fulfill one's purposes unhindered. Freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense of "giving on ...

Law enforcement in Iran , mottotranslated = "Be steadfast witnesses for Allah in equity" ( Heraldry slogan) , formedyear = 1991 , formedmonthday = April 1 , preceding1 = Shahrbani (1913–1991) Gendarmerie (1910–1991)Committee (1979–1991) , e ...

Military of Iran

Military of Iran * Command ** Commander-in-chief: Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei *** Ministry of Defence of Iran * Defense industry of Iran * Forces (Iran has two armies) **

Army of Iran , founded = , current_form = ( Islamic Republic) , disbanded = , branches = , headquarters = Khatam-al Anbiya Central Headquarters, Tehran , website = , commander-in-chief = Maj. Gen ...

** Navy of Iran **

Air Force of Iran , patron = , motto = , "Skyhigh is my place" , colours = Ultramarine blue , colours_label = , march = , mascot ...

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; fa, سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, Sepāh-e Pāsdārān-e Enghelāb-e Eslāmi, lit=Army of Guardians of the Islamic Revolution also Sepāh or Pasdaran for short) is a branch o ...

*** Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ***

Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps The Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ( fa, نیروی دریایی سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی, niru-ye daryâyi-e sepâh-e pâsdârân-e enghelâb-e eslâmi; officially abbreviated NEDSA ( fa, ندسا), als ...

*** Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps *** Quds Force (

Special Forces Special forces and special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, selected, trained and equip ...

) ** Basij Resistance Force (paramilitary force. Compare with National Guard) *

Iran and weapons of mass destruction Iran is not known to currently possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and has signed treaties repudiating the possession of WMDs including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Non-Proliferation Treaty ...

Military history of Iran The military history of Iran has been relatively well-documented, with thousands of years' worth of recorded history. Largely credited to its historically unchanged geographical and geopolitical condition, the modern-day Islamic Republic of Ir ...

Military ranks of Iran A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

Local government in Iran

Local government in Iran * City and Village Councils of Iran

History of Iran

History of Iran *

Timeline of the history of Iran The page details the timeline of History of Iran. Millennia: #1st millennium BC, 1st BC#1st millennium, 1st–2nd#3rd millennium, 3rd ---- Centuries: #7th century BC, 7th BC#6th century BC, 6th BC#5th century BC, 5th BC#4th century BC, 4th BC#3rd ...

* Current events of Iran Shar-ayna (4 mirrors) armour (cleaned)

* Iran hostage crisis * History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran *

Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council ...

* Timeline of the Iranian Islamic revolution * Chahar-Ai-Ne (Persian چهاﺮآﻳنه) *

Plated mail Mail and plate armour (plated mail, plated chainmail, splinted mail/chainmail) is a type of mail with embedded plates. Armour of this type has been used in the Middle East, North Africa, Ottoman Empire, Japan, China, Korea, Vietnam, Central ...

History of Iran, by period

Pre-Islam Iranian history

Palaeolithic Era in Iran {{short description, Persian Stone Age The Palaeolithic Era in Iran is the prehistory of Iran in the period from c. 800,000 BCE to c. 11,000 BCE and can be divided into the Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic periods. Low ...

Archaeological sites in Iran Some of the prehistoric archaeological sites of Iran are listed below: *Paleolithic **Hotu and Kamarband Caves **Darband Cave ** Qal'eh Bozi ** Do-Ashkaft Cave **Warwasi **Bisitun Cave **Kashafrud *Neolithic ** Tappeh Sialk ** Ganj Dareh ** Al ...

Tappeh Sialk Tepe Sialk ( fa, تپه سیلک) is a large ancient archeological site (a ''tepe'', "hill, tell") in a suburb of the city of Kashan, Isfahan Province, in central Iran, close to Fin Garden. The culture that inhabited this area has been linked to ...

* Jiroft culture * Kura-Araxes culture * Atropatene *

Arran (Caucasus) Arran (Middle Persian form; Persian: ارّان), also known as Aran, was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify a historically-Iranian region which lay within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainou ...

Shahr-i Sokhta Shahr-e Sukhteh ( fa, شهر سوخته, meaning " heBurnt City"), c. 3200–2350 BCE, also spelled as ''Shahr-e Sūkhté'' and ''Shahr-i Sōkhta'', is an archaeological site of a sizable Bronze Age urban settlement, associated with the Helma ...

Akkadian Empire The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia after the long-lived civilization of Sumer. It was centered in the city of Akkad (city), Akkad () and its surrounding region. The empire united Akkadian language, Akkadian and ...

Elam Elam (; Linear Elamite: ''hatamti''; Cuneiform Elamite: ; Sumerian: ; Akkadian: ; he, עֵילָם ''ʿēlām''; peo, 𐎢𐎺𐎩 ''hūja'') was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretc ...

Mannaeans Mannaea (, sometimes written as Mannea; Akkadian language, Akkadian: ''Mannai'', Biblical Hebrew: ''Minni'', (מנּי)) was an ancient kingdom located in northwestern Iran, south of Lake Urmia, around the 10th to 7th centuries BC. It neighbored ...

* Aratta *

Kingdom of Pontus Pontus ( grc-gre, Πόντος ) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty (of Persian origin), which possibly may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemeni ...

Urartu Urartu (; Assyrian: ',Eberhard Schrader, ''The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament'' (1885), p. 65. Babylonian: ''Urashtu'', he, אֲרָרָט ''Ararat'') is a geographical region and Iron Age kingdom also known as the Kingdom of Va ...

Neo-Assyrian Empire The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history and the final and greatest phase of Assyria as an independent state. Beginning with the accession of Adad-nirari II in 911 BC, the Neo-Assyrian Empire grew t ...

Neo-Babylonian Empire The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia. Beginning with the coronation of Nabopolassar as the List of kings of Babylon, King of B ...

* Aratti theory *

Aryan Aryan or Arya (, Indo-Iranian *''arya'') is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (*''an-arya''). In Ancient India, the term ' ...

* Indo-Iranians * Iran naming convention *

Kassites The Kassites () were people of the ancient Near East, who controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire c. 1531 BC and until c. 1155 BC (short chronology). They gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon ...

* List of ancient Persians *

List of kings of Persia This is a list of monarchs of Persia (or monarchs of the Iranic peoples, in present-day Iran), which are known by the royal title Shah or Shahanshah. This list starts from the establishment of the Medes around 671 BCE until the deposition of th ...

Parthia Parthia ( peo, 𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 ''Parθava''; xpr, 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅 ''Parθaw''; pal, 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 ''Pahlaw'') is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran. It was conquered and subjugated by the empire of the Med ...

Parthian Empire The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conque ...

** Arsacid dynasty of Iberia ** Arsacid dynasty of Armenia ** Arsacid Dynasty of Caucasian Albania *

Persian war elephants War elephants were used in Iranian military history, most notably in Achaemenid, Seleucid and Sasanian periods. The elephants were Asian elephants, and were recruited from southern provinces of Iran and India but also possibly Syrian elephants f ...

Median Empire The Medes (Old Persian: ; Akkadian: , ; Ancient Greek: ; Latin: ) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, the ...

Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest em ...

Greco-Persian Wars The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. The collision between the fractious political world of the ...

Seleucid Empire The Seleucid Empire (; grc, Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, ''Basileía tōn Seleukidōn'') was a Greek state in West Asia that existed during the Hellenistic period from 312 BC to 63 BC. The Seleucid Empire was founded by the ...

** Roman-Parthian Wars *

Sassanid Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named ...

** Byzantine-Sassanid Wars **

Persian Armenia Sasanian Armenia, also known as Persian Armenia and Persarmenia ( hy, Պարսկահայաստան – ''Parskahayastan''), may either refer to the periods in which Armenia ( pal, 𐭠𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 – ''Armin'') was under the suzerainty of ...

Asorestan Asoristan ( pal, 𐭠𐭮𐭥𐭥𐭮𐭲𐭭 ''Asōristān'', ''Āsūristān'') was the name of the Sasanian province of Assyria and Babylonia from 226 to 637. Name The Parthian name ''Asōristān'' (; also spelled ''Asoristan'', ''Asuristan' ...

Post-Islam Iranian history

* Islamicization in Iran *

Islamic Conquest of Iran The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, was carried out by the Rashidun Caliphate from 633 to 654 AD and led to the fall of the Sasanian Empire as well as the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion. The r ...

Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (russian: Англо-Русская Конвенция 1907 г., translit=Anglo-Russkaya Konventsiya 1907 g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (; ...

* Treaty of Gulistan *

Treaty of Akhal The Treaty of Akhal (russian: link=no, Ахалский договор, fa, پیمان آخال), also known as Akhal-Khorasan Boundary Convention, was an agreement signed between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia on 21 September 1881 to mark Ira ...

Treaty of Zuhab The Treaty of Zuhab ( fa, عهدنامه زهاب, ''Ahadnāmah Zuhab''), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ( tr, Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639. The accord en ...

* Treaty of Turkmenchay * Sallarids *

Ak Koyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu ( az, Ağqoyunlular , ) was a culturally Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (Wh ...

* Kara Koyunlu * Safavids *

Qajar dynasty The Qajar dynasty (; fa, دودمان قاجار ', az, Qacarlar ) was an IranianAbbas Amanat, ''The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831–1896'', I. B. Tauris, pp 2–3 royal dynasty of Turkic peoples ...

* Ottoman-Persian Wars * Russo-Persian Wars

Pahlavi and contemporary history of Iran

Constitutionalist movement of Gilan The Jangal (Jungle) Movement, in Gilan, was a rebellion against the monarchist rule of the central government of Sublime State of Iran, which lasted from 1915 to 1921. History of the movement In 1915, Mirza Kuchik Khan, an experienced activist i ...

* List of prime ministers of Iran * Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran *

Persian Constitutional Revolution The Persian Constitutional Revolution ( fa, مشروطیت, Mashrūtiyyat, or ''Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh''), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a par ...

Persian Corridor The Persian Corridor was a supply route through Iran into Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Azerbaijan by which British aid and American Lend-Lease supplies were transferred to the Soviet Union during World War II. Of the 17.5 million long tons of U.S. Len ...

* White Revolution *

(1925–1979) *

(1979–present) *

United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war American support for Ba'athist Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, in which it fought against post-revolutionary Iran, included several billion dollars' worth of economic aid, the sale of dual-use technology, military intelligence, and special opera ...

* United States support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war *

1988 Massacre of Iranian Prisoners The 1988 executions of prisoners were a series of mass executions of political prisoners across Iran. The order for the executions was given by Ayatollah Khomeini and it was carried out by Iranian officials; starting on 19 July 1988 and continu ...

* Ahvaz Bombings

History of Iran, by subject

* History of science in Persia *

Prime Minister of Iran The Prime Minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty and into the start of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1923 and into the 1979 Iranian Revolution ...

Persianization Persianization () or Persification (; fa, پارسی‌سازی), is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Persian society becomes "Persianate", meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Persian ...

* Persian mythology *

Iranian continent Greater Iran ( fa, ایران بزرگ, translit=Irān-e Bozorg) refers to a region covering parts of Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Xinjiang, and the Caucasus, where both Iranian culture and Iranian languages have had a si ...

Iranian Azerbaijan Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan ( fa, آذربایجان, ''Āzarbāijān'' ; az-Arab, آذربایجان, ''Āzerbāyjān'' ), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan ...

* Iranian Kurdistan *

Iranian peoples The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separat ...

* Iranology * Islamic Cultural Revolution * University of Chicago's Persian heritage crisis *

Islam in Iran The Muslim conquest of Persia () led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and triggered the decline of Zoroastrianism among the Iranian peoples due to large-scale persecution by Arab Muslims under the newly-arrived Rashidun Caliphate. Since its es ...

* Islamicization in Iran * Turko-Persian tradition *

Kayanian dynasty The Kayanians (Persian: دودمان کیانیان; also Kays, Kayanids, Kaianids, Kayani, or Kiani) are a legendary dynasty of Persian/Iranian tradition and folklore which supposedly ruled after the Pishdadians. Considered collectively, the Kay ...

Culture of Iran

Culture of Iran *

Architecture of Iran Iranian architecture or Persian architecture (Persian: معمارى ایرانی, ''Memāri e Irāni'') is the architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. Its history dates back to at least 5,000 BC w ...

Cuisine of Iran Iranian cuisine () refers to the culinary practices of Iran. Due to the historically common usage of the term "Persia" to refer to Iran in the Western world,Yarshater, EhsaPersia or Iran, Persian or Farsi, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII no. 1 ( ...

Ethnic minorities in Iran This article focuses on the status of ethnic minorities in contemporary Iran. Ethnic demographics The majority of the Iranian population is formed by the Persians (estimated at between 51% and 65%). The largest other ethno-linguistic groups ( ...

Festivals in Iran The following is a list of festivals in Iran. Iranian festivals * Noruz: ''no'' means new and the word ''ruz'' means day, so ''Nowruz'' means starting a new day and it is the Celebration of the start of spring (Rejuvenation). It starts on the ...

Languages of Iran Iran's ethnic diversity means that the languages of Iran come from a number of linguistic origins, although the primary language spoken and used is Persian. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran asserts that the Persian language al ...

Media in Iran The mass media in Iran are privately and publicly owned but is subject to censorship. As of 2016, Iran had 178 newspapers, 83 magazines, 15,000 information sites and 2 million blogs. A special court has authority to monitor the print media an ...

Museums in Iran This is a list of museums in Iran. See also * Tourism in Iran * History of Iran * Culture of Iran * List of museums * List of museums in Tehran References {{Asia topic, List of museums in Museums Museums Iran Museums Iran Ir ...

National symbols of Iran Some of the Iranian national symbols are listed as below: Official symbols Flag Emblem * Derafsh Kaviani * Lion and Sun Anthem * '' Salām-e Shāh'' * Imperial Anthem of Iran * ''Ey Iran'' * ''Payandeh Bada Iran'' Unofficial symbol ...

Emblem of Iran The Emblem of Iran, ; "Official Emblem of Iran"Also fully known as: , ; "The Official Emblem of the Islamic Republic of Iran" since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features four Curve, curves and a sword, surmounted by a shadda. The logo was design ...

Flag of Iran The national flag of the Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, پرچم ایران, Parčam-e Irân, ), also known as the Tricolour, tricolor ( fa, پرچم سه‌رنگ ایران, Parčam-e se rang-e Irân, link=no, ), is a tricolour (flag ...

National anthem of Iran The National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran ( fa, سرود ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران, Sorude Melliye Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân; ) is the national anthem of Iran. It was adopted in 1990, replacing the Payandeh Bada Iran ...

* People of Iran *

Prostitution in Iran Prostitution is illegal in Iran, and incurs various punishments ranging from fines and jail terms to execution for repeat offenders. The exact number of prostitutes working in Iran is unknown, but in 2017 it was estimated that there were 228,700 ...

Public holidays in Iran Iran uses three official calendar systems, including the Solar Hijri calendar as the main and national calendar, the Gregorian calendar for international events and Christian holidays, and the Lunar Hijri calendar for Islamic holidays. The surfei ...

* Records of Iran * Religion in Iran **

Buddhism in Iran Buddhism in Iran dates back to the 2nd century, when Parthian Buddhist missionaries, such as An Shigao and An Xuan, were active in spreading Buddhism in China. Many of the earliest translators of Buddhist literature into Chinese were from Parthia ...

Christianity in Iran Christianity in Iran dates back to the early years of the religion during the time of Jesus, predating Islam. The Christian faith has always comprised a minority in Iran under its previous state religions; initially Zoroastrianism in historica ...

Hinduism in Iran Hinduism is a minor religion in Iran. As of 2015, there were 39,200 Hindus residing in Iran. Two Hindu temples were built by the Arya Samaj, one in Bandar Abbas and one in Zahedan, both funded by Indian merchants in the late 19th century. A.C. ...

** History of the Jews in Iran *

Art in Iran

* Art in Iran *

Cinema of Iran The Cinema of Iran (Persian: سینمای ایران), also known as the Cinema of Persia, refers to the cinema and film industries in Iran which produce a variety of commercial films annually. Iranian art films have garnered international fame a ...

* Literature of Iran * Music of Iran **

Iranian musical instruments Persian musical instruments or Iranian musical instruments can be broadly classified into three categories: classical, Western and folk. Most of Persian musical instruments spread in the former Persian Empires states all over the Middle East, ...

Television in Iran Television was first introduced to Iran in 1958, as a privately-owned and commercially-operated enterprise, before being nationalised, remaining a state-controlled monopoly, first of National Iranian Radio and Television, and following the Iranian ...

* Iranian theatre

Sports in Iran

Sports in Iran Many sports in Iran are both traditional and modern. Tehran, for example, was the first city in West Asia to host the Asian Games in 1974, and continues to host and participate in major international sporting events to this day. Freestyle wrestling ...

Football in Iran Football is the most popular sport in Iran, with wrestling and volleyball as close contenders. Football has been a part of life for Iranians for many decades now and is played in schools, streets, and football clubs nationwide. History Early da ...

Economy and infrastructure of Iran

Economy of Iran The economy of Iran is a mixed economy with a large state-owned sector and is the largest in the Middle East in terms of nominal GDP. It is the world's 21st largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). Some 60% of Iran's economy is centrally pla ...

* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 29th (twenty-ninth) *

Agriculture in Iran Roughly one-third of Iran's total surface area is suited for farmland, but because of poor soil and lack of adequate water distribution in many areas, most of it is not under cultivation. Only 12% of the total land area is under cultivation (arabl ...

Banking in Iran Following the Iranian Revolution, Iran's banking system was transformed to be run on an Islamic interest-free basis. As of 2010 there were seven large government-run commercial banks. As of March 2014, Iran's banking assets made up over a third o ...

National Bank of Iran Bank Melli Iran (BMI; fa, بانک ملی ایران, lit=National Bank of Iran, ''Bânk-e Melli-ye Irân'') is the first national and commercial retail bank of Iran. It is considered as the largest Iranian company in terms of annual income with ...

* Communications in Iran **

Internet in Iran Iran's telecommunications industry is almost entirely state-owned, dominated by the Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). Fixed-line penetration in 2004 was relatively well-developed by regional standards, standing at 22 lines per 100 people, ...

* Companies of Iran * Currency of Iran:

Rial Rial, riyal, or RIAL may refer to: * Rial (surname), a surname (and list of people with the name) * Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning, McGill University * Rial Racing, a former German Formula One team Various currencies named rial ...

ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...

: IRR *

Economic history of Iran Prior to 1979, Iran's economic development was rapid. Traditionally an agrarian society, by the 1970s the country had undergone significant industrialization and economic modernization.. Iran National Film Centre (circa 1975). Retrieved January 20 ...

* Energy policy of Iran * Health care in Iran * Industry of Iran *

Mining in Iran Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and ...

* Petroleum industry in Iran * Tehran Stock Exchange * Tourism in Iran * Transport in Iran **

Airports in Iran An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...

Rail transport in Iran Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...

Roads in Iran These are the list of routes in Iran. Tehran Province * Freeway 2 (Iran), Tehran-Qazvin Freeway * Tehran-Shomal Freeway (under construction) * Freeway 5 (Iran), Tehran-Saveh Freeway * Freeway 7 (Iran), Tehran-Qom Freeway * Road 65 (Iran ...

* Urban plans in Iran * Water supply and sanitation in Iran

Education in Iran

References

External links

The President of Iran

Iran Electoral Archive

The Majlis (Legislature) of Iran

Iran.ir

Persian language
(Persian) * * *
First Iranians
Reference Articles on Iran By Manouchehr Saadat Noury
Iranian Innovations
* ''Faces of Iran: The World in One Nation'' (a sequence of still photographs, showing the richness of the ethnic and religious diversity of the people of Iran)
YouTube
* ''Rageh Inside Iran'', a BBC Four production, 17 February 2007, * Farhad Nabipour, ''From Persia to Iran'', Part I, AMIR Productions, 4 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 28 min 8 sec)
Google
Highly recommended! * Farhad Nabipour, ''From Persia to Iran'', Part II, AMIR Productions, 10 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 21 min 46 sec)
Google
* Some Iranian folk-songs sung by

Shusha Guppy Shushā Guppy ( fa, شوشا گوپی; née Shamsi Assār ( fa, شمسی عصار; 24 December 1935 – 21 March 2008) was a writer, editor and a singer of Persian and Western folk songs. She lived in London from the early 1960s, until her death ...

in the 1970s:
''Silver Gun''
(from

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...

)
''Wheat Flower''
(a harvest song)
''The Rain''
(from the Gilan Province)
''The Stars in Heaven''
(from Shiraz)
''On Top of the Hill''
(from Shiraz)
''The Silken Handkerchief''
(from the Fars Province)
''Darling Leila''
(from the Gilan Province)
''I Have Come to Ravish My Heart''
(from the Lorestan Province)
''The Lor Youth''
(a Bakhtiari-Tribe song)
''Lullaby''
(from Gorgan)
''Girl from Boyer-Ahmadi Tribe''
(from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province)
''My Beloved is Short''
(from the Fars Province)
''The Water Pipe''''You Must Come to Me''
(from Mamasani County)
''Darling Dareyne''
(from the Mazandaran Province).
For further details see
''Iranian''
* Nir Rosen, ''Selling the War with Iran'', The Washington Note, Thursday, May 1, 2008

* The Second

International Festival of Peace Poetry The International Festival of Peace Poetry ( fa, جشنواره بین المللی شعر صلح) is an international festival held biannually in Iran. The first Peace Poetry Festival was held in Tehran on May 16, 2007, with poets from sixteen cou ...

, Iran, 16 May 2009
(English)
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