Otto Schrader (philologist)
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Otto Schrader (born 28 March 1855 in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...
; died 21 March 1919 in Breslau) was a German philologist best known for his work on the history of German and
Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo- ...
vocabulary dealing with various aspects of material culture, such as the names of domesticated plants and animals, the names of the metals, etc.


Education and early life

Schrader came from a civil servant family in
Thuringia Thuringia (; german: Thüringen ), officially the Free State of Thuringia ( ), is a state of central Germany, covering , the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Erfurt is the capital and lar ...
, attended Gymnasium in Weimar, and studied in
Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...
,
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...
, and
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
. When he received the Dr. phil. degree, in 1878 he received a teaching position at the Großherzogliches Gymnasium in Jena. There he received his habilitation in 1887 and in 1890 received the title of Professor. In 1909 he moved to Breslau, where he was an "
ordentlicher Professor Academic ranks in Germany are the titles, relative importance and power of professors, researchers, and administrative personnel held in academia. Overview Appointment grades * (Pay grade: ''W3'' or ''W2'') * (''W3'') * (''W2'') * (''W2'', ...
". In 1879 Schrader married Marie von Wilms, with whom he had four children. He described himself as a
national liberal National liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal policies and issues with elements of nationalism. Historically, national liberalism has also been used in the same meaning as conservative liberalism (right-liberalism). A seri ...
.


Support of Hehn's Theory

Schrader supported Victor Hehn's thesis that the Indo-Europeans were originally nomads. According to this thesis, they domesticated only the horse, which they ate. Since there are no common Indo-European words for donkey or camel, Schrader assumed that the original homeland of the Indo-Europeans was in the steppes north of the Black Sea, on the Caspian Sea, and on the Aral Sea, an area referred to as the
Pontic–Caspian steppe The Pontic–Caspian steppe, formed by the Caspian steppe and the Pontic steppe, is the steppeland stretching from the northern shores of the Black Sea (the Pontus Euxinus of antiquity) to the northern area around the Caspian Sea. It extend ...
, where wild horses were a native species. Schrader's theory would ultimately serve as the basis of
Marija Gimbutas Marija Gimbutas ( lt, Marija Gimbutienė, ; January 23, 1921 – February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian archaeologist and anthropologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of " Old Europe" and for her Kurgan hypothesis ...
' Kurgan theory.Marija Gimbutas, ''The Balts'' (London: Thames & Hudson, 1963), 38.


Publications

No complete list of Schrader's works has been compiled up to now, so the list below is incomplete. *''Quaestionum dialectologicarum Graecarum particula'', Dissertation, Leipzig 1877 *''Die älteste Zeittheilung des indogermanischen Volkes'', Berlin 1878 *''Aus der Geschichte der Hausthiere. Eine linguistische Studie'', in: Nord und Süd 15 (1880), pp. 335–348. *''Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte. Linguistisch-historische Beiträge zur Erforschung des indogermanischen Altertums'', 1st edn. Jena 1883, 2nd edn. Jena 1890, 3rd edn. Jena 1906. *''Thier- und Pflanzengeographie im Lichte der Sprachforschung.'' Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge, Heft 427 (1883), Berlin 1884. *Victor Hehn. ''Kulturpflanzen und Hausthiere in ihrem Übergang aus Asien nach Griechenland und Italien sowie in das übrige Europa: Historisch-linguistische Skizzen'', new edition by Otto Schrader. With botanical contributions by Adolf Engler, 6th edn. Berlin 1884, 7th edn. 1902, 8th edn. 1911 *''Linguistisch-historische Forschungen zur Handelsgeschichte und Warenkunde'', vol. 1, Jena 1886 *''Über den Gedanken einer Kulturgeschichte der Indogermanen auf sprachwissenschaftlicher Grundlage,'' Jena 1887. Probevorlesung vom 7. Februar 1887 *“Etymologisches und Kulturhistorisches”, ''ZVS'' 30, N.F. 10 (1890): 461–485 *''Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte'', vol. 2. Jena: Hermann Costanoble 1890 *''Prehistoric antiquities of the Aryan peoples: a manual of comparative philology and the earliest culture''. Trans. Frank Jevons. New York: Scribner and Welford, 1890. *“Linguistisch-historisches”, in ''Symbola doctorum Ienensis gymnasii in honorem gymnasii Isenacensis collecta''. Edited by Gustav Richter. Jena: 1895. *“Etymologisch-Kulturhistorisches”, in ''Philologische Studien, Festgabe für Eduard Sievers zum 1. Oktober 1896''. Halle: 1896, pp. 1–11 *''Vom neuen Reich'' ("Deutsches Reich und Deutscher Kaiser", "Die Deutschen und das Meer"), zwei sprachlich-geschichtliche Vorträge. Allgemeiner Deutscher Sprachverein, Berlin 1897 *''Reallexikon der indogermanischen Altertumskunde: Grundzüge einer Kultur- und Völkergeschichte Alteuropas'', 1st edn. Strassburg: Trübner, 1901; 2nd edn., edited by Alfons Nehring, Berlin–Leipzig: 1917–1929. *“Nachwort”, in Victor Hehn, ''Das Salz, eine kulturhistorische Studie'', 2nd edn. Berlin 1901 *''Die Schwiegermutter und der Hagestolz. Eine Studie aus der Geschichte unserer Familie,'' Braunschweig 1904 *''Totenhochzeit. Ein Vortrag gehalten in der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte zu Jena,'' Jena 1904 *“Über Bezeichnungen der Heiratsverwandtschaft bei den indogermanischen Völkern”, ''IF'' 17 (1904). *''Johannes Hoops, Waldbäume und Kulturpflanzen im germanischen Altertum'', Straßburg 1905, review, in: Deutsche Literaturzeitung 1906 *''Hermann Hirt, Die Indogermanen, ihre Verbreitung, ihre Urheimat und ihre Kultur, vol. 1.'' Strassburg 1905, review, in: Deutsche Literatur-Zeitung 7/1906 *''Hermann Hirt, Die Indogermanen, ihre Verbreitung, ihre Urheimat und ihre Kultur, vol. 2.'' Strassburg 1907, review, in: Deutsche Literatur-Zeitung ..1907 *“Zu nhd. ‘buche’”, in ''Zeitschrift für deutsche Wortforschung'' 11 (1909). *''Bilder aus dem russischen Dorfleben'', in: Westermanns Monatshefte 53. Jahrgang, Jan.-März 1909, with eight black and white illustrations *''Der Hammelsonntag. Eine Reisestudie aus dem Gouvernement Olonetz.'' In: IF 26 (1909) *(Stichworte) “Aryan Religion; Blood-Feud; Charms and Amulets; Chastity; Crimes and Punishments; Death and Disposal of the Death; Divination; Family; Hospitality; Kingship”, in James Hastings, ''Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics'', vols. 2-7. Edinburgh: 1909-1914 *''Begraben und Verbrennen im Lichte der Religions- und Kulturgeschichte. Ein Vortrag in der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Volkskunde'', Breslau 1910 *“Neuhochdeutsch „Wirt“ (hospes)”, in ''Wissenschaftliche Beihefte zur Zeitschrift des Allgemeinen deutschen Sprachvereins'', V. Reihe, Heft 32, 1910. *''Die Indogermanen.'' Wissenschaft und Bildung 77, Leipzig 1911, new edition by Hans Krahe, Leipzig 1935 *''Die Anschauungen Viktor Hehns von der Herkunft unserer Kulturpflanzen und Haustiere im Lichte neuerer Forschung,'' Berlin 1912 *''Germanen und Indogermanen.'' In: Die Geisteswissenschaften 8/1913, sowie in: Korrespondenzblatt des Gesamtvereins der deutschen Geschichts- und Altertumsvereine, 1914. *''„Vaterland“. Gedächtnisrede zur hundertsten Wiederkehr des Geburtstages des Fürsten Bismarck, gehalten am 10. Mai 1915'', Breslau 1915 *(Nachruf) Alfons Nehring, Otto Schrader, in: Indogermanisches Jahrbuch 6 (1918), pp. 152–160, Berlin 1920 *(Nachruf) Wilhelm Streitberg, Otto Schrader, in: Frankfurter Zeitung, 11. April 1919


Literature

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References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Schrader, Otto Linguists from Germany Germanic studies scholars Historical linguists Indo-Europeanists Linguists of Germanic languages Linguists of Indo-European languages 1855 births 1919 deaths