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Orochs (
The Orochis
in The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
Ethnologue link
Ethnic groups in Russia Tungusic peoples Indigenous peoples of North Asia Khabarovsk Krai Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East Indigenous peoples in the Arctic {{Asia-ethno-group-stub
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
''О́рочи''), Orochons, or Orochis (self-designation: ''Nani'') are a people of Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
that speak the Oroch (''Orochon'') language of the Southern group of Tungusic languages
The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu-Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the doz ...
. According to the 2002 census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses inc ...
there were 686 Orochs in Russia. According to the 2010 census there were 596 Orochs in Russia.
Orochs traditionally settled in the southern part of the Khabarovsk Krai
Khabarovsk Krai ( rus, Хабаровский край, r=Khabarovsky kray, p=xɐˈbarəfskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia. It is geographically located in the Russian Far East and is a part of the Far Eastern Federal Distr ...
, Russia and on the Amur
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China (Inner Manchuria). The Amur proper is long ...
and Kopp rivers. In the 19th century, some of them migrated to Sakhalin
Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh ...
. In the early 1930s, the Orochi National District was created, but was cancelled shortly thereafter "due to lack of native population".
Because the people never had a written language, they were educated in the Russian language
Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is one of four living E ...
. Their language, Oroch, is on the verge of extinction. They follow Shamanism
Shamanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman) interacting with what they believe to be a spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance. The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiri ...
, the Russian Orthodox Church
, native_name_lang = ru
, image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg
, imagewidth =
, alt =
, caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia
, abbreviation = ROC
, type ...
, and Buddhism
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
.
History
Between 1963 and 1993, major changes took place in Oroch families: * Almost all Orochi marriages became inter-ethnic - in 1951-1955, 73% of Orochi marriages were mono-ethnic, and in 1991-1995 only 9%. * The share of Oroch-Russian marriages increased sharply from 9% in 1951-1955 to 82% in 1991-1995. * The maximum size of an Oroch family decreased from 10 to 7 people from 1963 to 1993. * The average family size of the Orochi in 1993 was 2.9 people, compared to 4.8 in 1963.
References
External links
*The Orochis
in The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
Ethnologue link
Ethnic groups in Russia Tungusic peoples Indigenous peoples of North Asia Khabarovsk Krai Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East Indigenous peoples in the Arctic {{Asia-ethno-group-stub