In the fictional universe of '' Warhammer 40,000'', the Orks are a race of

aliens Alien primarily refers to: * Alien (law), a person in a country who is not a national of that country ** Enemy alien, the above in times of war * Extraterrestrial life, life which does not originate from Earth ** Specifically, intelligent extrater ...

and a playable army in the tabletop miniatures wargame. Alongside the Space Marines, Orks are one of the most iconic elements of the ''Warhammer 40,000'' universe. Orks revel in violence for its own sake; their entire culture revolves around warfare. They are one of the oldest, most widespread and persistent of the Imperium's enemies and even outnumber the quadrillions strong humanity as a species, making them the most numerous species in the galaxy. Their simplistic personalities, reckless tactics and ramshackle technology make them the comic relief characters of the setting.

Tabletop game mechanics

The Orks are oriented towards

melee combat A melee ( or , French: mêlée ) or pell-mell is disorganized hand-to-hand combat in battles fought at abnormally close range with little central control once it starts. In military aviation, a melee has been defined as " air battle in which ...

; their ranged units are rather weak. Most of their units have weak armour and are thus easy to kill, but they are cheap and thus can make up for this weakness with numbers. A favourite strategy has been "the Green Tide": the player fields as many Ork Boyz as they can and simply marches them across the playing field to overwhelm or swarm his opponent. In more recent editions of the game, this tactic has fallen out of favor in competitive games due to large mobs of Boyz suffering large losses from low morale, but many ork players still enjoy using it in casual games. An alternative play style would be relying on the Ork's large arsenal of vehicles and machinery, using a more mechanized force and less basic infantry. Orks also have a number of specialised units who can use psychic powers to attack enemies or buff allied orks. Typically Ork warfare is about brute force and attrition. Ork gameplay is viewed as being fairly forgiving of tactical errors or bad dice rolls.

Appearance

The general appearance of ''Warhammer 40k'' orks is fairly typical of other orcs; they have a large-boxy build with varying shades of green skin. Much like other races of ''Warhammer 40k'', the Orks are divided into divergent armies with their own colour schemes, background, and play-style. For the orks, these armies are called "clans". Some examples include the "Goffs" Clan with black and white colour scheme (sometimes in a checkered pattern) with splashes of red and a preference (by background) for melee combat; another clan is the "Evil Sunz" that features a red and yellow colour scheme and has a preference for using bikers and vehicles while "Bad Moons " smother their armour in bright yellow. Some Bad Moonz, who are stricken with wanderlust, or have more teef (the monetary system used by Orks) than they know what to do with, become Freebootas, which wear eccentric outfits, and travel the stars in retro-fitted derelict spaceships, or Kroozas, which are mostly stolen

Imperial Imperial is that which relates to an empire, emperor, or imperialism. Imperial or The Imperial may also refer to: Places United States * Imperial, California * Imperial, Missouri * Imperial, Nebraska * Imperial, Pennsylvania * Imperial, Texas ...

ships. They often take on the appearance of

pirates Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods. Those who conduct acts of piracy are called pirates, v ...

. In addition to the clan colours, some players will also paint the faces of their ork armies blue due to the ork belief that blue is a lucky colour. While these colours are mainly aesthetic, the ork codex does feature some rules such as "Da red wunz go fasta!" and it is required that ork vehicles with this upgrade actually feature red paint. With the exception of army colours, ork armies are largely green with varying shades of hair colours and teeth. Colour schemes for orks are typically very rough and sloppy with much details made to resemble rust and dirt. Ork technology is sometimes referred to as "junkyard tech". This is mainly due to Orks' armour, structures, and vehicles having a chaotic and unkempt aesthethic. Ork body armour takes the form of bulky and ill-fitting metal plates being crudely strapped to its user, along with spikes or emblems to make the wearer appear more ferocious. Ork vehicles also carry the theme. These typically look as modern-day industrial vehicles would had they been found in a junk yard, rebuilt with scrap iron/corrugated metal/wooden 2x4's/metal rivets, had various (and seemingly random) weapons attached and made to function, it is common to see Orks using the weapons and armour of previous foes, especially with the "Deffskullz" clan

Physiology

In the universe of Warhammer 40k, Orks are green-skinned, a side effect of their blending on a genetic level with

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately fr ...

and photosynthetic organisms (essentially being enormously complex

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.genetically engineered for combat by their creators, the Old Ones. They are extremely strong and immensely resilient, fortunate due to their lifestyle of constant warfare and primitive medical technology and techniques. Orks live for combat, and regard fighting as the highest form of worship for their (largely indistinguishable) gods, Gork and Mork. Orks are generally indifferent as to whom they fight, being as content to fight one another as any of the various other races inhabiting the Warhammer galaxy. As such, Orks are extremely fractious. They eat

of all kinds as well as meat, whether the source is sapient or not. A particularly favoured ingredient in their diet are the ''squigs'', a small organism closely related to Orks in biological terms. Most such animals are used for food or in other domestic applications, but some particularly vicious varieties have applications in combat, mainly as attack dogs or living grenades. The only other major form of ''squig'' are the elephantine (or even larger) ''squiggoths''. Particularly large specimens are used as mobile fortresses, while smaller beasts serve as pack animals. Orks grow all through their lives, though the average Ork stands around the same height as the average man, at least given their almost perpetual slouch, meaning that, at full height, they would be much taller than a human. This typical pose gives them the appearance of a large, green gorilla. Orks grow at greatly varying rates, however, dependent on social conditions. The effect is notable in extremely aggressive Orks, which tend to grow much faster; as an Ork survives combat and wins trophies, the respect of other Orks will produce in him an effect somewhat similar to

adolescence Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority). Adolescence is usually associated with the ...

in the human male: he puts on muscle, becomes more aggressive and assertive. If an Ork continues to be successful, gaining more respect, he may become a Nob (from "noble," but pronounced "knob"), a leader of Orks, noticeably larger, tougher and stronger than the average specimen. Once he begins to grow, an Ork will generally keep getting bigger and stronger until another Ork defeats him. This indicates that the effects of adolescence in Orks continue indefinitely, but can be triggered off by defeat. Orks achieve their social pinnacle when a Nob becomes a Warboss or a Warlord, the rulers of continents and empires. Such creatures are exceptionally large, often standing over three meters (10') tall or higher, with the most powerful Warlords known to be more than twice that height. And although they have achieved the highest possible rank at this point, they continue to grow indefinitely. An Ork can live indefinitely. However, in most cases this is rendered null due to the Orks' violent lifestyle. Orks seem to live longer the more powerful they are, with some legendary Warbosses rumoured to be hundreds of years old. Retirement is nonexistent in Ork society. Orks' brutish behaviour and choice to always use a direct approach in combat stems from their lack of a fear of death. They lack a traditional

central nervous system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is so named because the brain integrates the received information and coordinates and influences the activity of all p ...

, which allows them to feel much less pain and discomfort than humans. Their spores allow them to reproduce asexually, which explains the lack of Ork females. This reproductive process basically involves the dispersion of spores from a decomposing Ork corpse, meaning that killing an Ork may literally create more Orks, which also explains why Orks are so difficult to eradicate, and how they are able to infiltrate and build up large populations virtually anywhere. The only known solution to this problem is to incinerate the entire area to destroy all Ork spores.

Language

Orks use a modified form of Low Gothic (the language of the human Imperium 40 millennia in the future, represented for gamers by the

English language English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the ...

), in which phonetic misspellings such as "kannon", "choppa", and "boyz" are commonly utilised in lieu of standard spelling (the mentioned examples meaning "cannon", "blade" and "boys"). This seeming ignorance belies the species' evolutionarily advantageous ability to adapt the existing tools of others, be they tropes or

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful ...

s, to their own unique usage. In some depictions, Orks have their own distinct language, which is described as guttural, grunting, and involving plenty of physical violence. In these depictions, most characters don't comprehend their language, and sometimes assume they don't have one capable of communicating complex ideas at all. In written communication Orks use a system of glyphs instead of letters. They combine these glyphs to create complex meaning. The majority of Orks cannot read any other language, but some have been shown to be able to translate low gothic writings to varying degrees of success, an example of this is Ufthak Blackhawk who mistook the word "Princep" to "Princess" when he was inside a Warlord Titan.

Culture

Ork culture circulates around seemingly random violence, which dominates every aspect of their culture. Most competitive activities amongst fellow Orks end in death. Their culture (when not fighting each other) is mainly reminiscent of tribal methods, with a crude understanding of trade and commerce (although they possess a currency, ''teef'', said to be the teeth knocked out of each other in brawls). An Ork's teeth grows back over time, so a loss of teef in a bout is not permanently financially ruinous to an Ork. Knocked-out teef also degrade over time, and turn to dust, so their economy always maintains an even level of trade, with no major financial disruptions of inflation or deflation. Ork behaviour is dominated by the WAAAAGH!, a psychic field they generate that affects the Ork psyche, as it allows Orks to instinctively recognise who is bigger and therefore in charge. All Orks generate this field, and it grows stronger as the Orks enjoy themselves, generally while fighting. The WAAAAGH! helps give momentum (and the name) to the movements called WAAAAGH!, essentially a mix of a

mass migration Mass migration refers to the migration of large groups of people from one geographical area to another. Mass migration is distinguished from individual or small-scale migration; and also from seasonal migration, which may occur on a regular basis ...

, holy war, and a looting party. Such a movement is composed of millions of Orks drawn to the power of a dominant Warboss, distinguished from most Nobs thanks to their higher level of intelligence, many qualifying as geniuses even by human standards (which is not to say that Warbosses are always intelligent; some are simply too big and too strong to be resisted), though their lack of education can often lead their enemies to assume their stupidity. Once assembled into a huge mass, consisting of hundreds of millions or even billions of Orks and their countless ramshackle vehicles and spacecraft, the Orks set off to find an enemy to fight. Ork WAAAAGH!s will sweep whole planetary systems away and destroy armies and fleets, and only once the Orks have killed every available enemy will they start to fight amongst themselves again. There have been many changes to Ork culture over the decades. Notably problematic the storylines have been removed from the lore by the creators. Orc Nobles are now simply refer to as Nobs. Ork Boyz have removed all references to slavery.

Weapons

Orks prefer close combat weapons as they are represented in-game as being terrible marksmen, which they compensate for by building comically powerful guns, which are often manned by the Gretchin (a Warhammer 40,000 version of goblins) slaves. The Ork WAAAGH! energy field also impacts their equipment. Aside from allowing Orks to form some form of hierarchy, this gestalt psychic field allows slapped-together weapons, vehicles, spacecraft, and aircraft to function when, according to all laws of physics, they should explode, fall apart or simply not work. In the same way, the generalised Ork belief that vehicles or aircraft painted or otherwise coloured red have higher top speeds than those painted or coloured otherwise ('da red wunz go fasta!') actually results in measurably higher top speeds for Ork vehicles painted red. The Orks are very simple in their naming conventions; a weapon is basically named for what it is or does, usually without any meaningful name. The spelling of the names follows the Orks' convention of broken English words. A few examples; * Slugga — Ork equivalent of a pistol * Shoota — Ork assault rifle * Big Shoota — Ork heavy machine gun * Speshul Shoota — Ork

shotgun A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a long-barreled firearm designed to shoot a straight-walled cartridge known as a shotshell, which usually discharges numerous small pellet-like spherical sub- pr ...

* Supa' Charged Shoota — A Shoota that is wired with a modification that allows it to easily pierce Space Marine power armour * Burna — Ork flamethrower/ industrial cutting tool * Skorcha — Heavier version of Burna, often vehicle-mounted * Deffgun — Ork heavy automatic weapon, usually heavily modified * Beamy Deffgun — An Ork directed-energy weapon, typically shoulder-mounted and modified the same way as a Deffgun * Kustom Mega Blasta — An incredibly strong energy weapon, used mainly by Meks * Rokkit Launcha — Ork

rocket launcher A rocket launcher is a weapon that launches an unguided, rocket-propelled projectile. History The earliest rocket launchers documented in imperial China consisted of arrows modified by the attachment of a rocket motor to the shaft a few ...

* Kombi Weapon — Shoota with the addition of a single shot Skorcha or Rokkit Launcha * Snazzgun — Personal weapon of firepower obsessed "Flash Gitz", extensively customised and potentially dangerous to the wielder * Dakkagun — Heavy automatic weapon, similar to a

.50 cal The M2 machine gun or Browning .50 caliber machine gun (informally, "Ma Deuce") is a heavy machine gun that was designed towards the end of World War I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Browning's earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, wh ...

machine gun. Often mounted in pairs or double-barrelled configurations on motorcycles * Dakkakannon — Exceptionally large and powerful dakkagun capable of damaging enemy armour, wielded by very rare ork

biker Biker or bikie may refer to: * A cyclist, a bicycle rider or participant in cycling sports * A motorcyclist, any motorcycle rider or passenger, or participant in motorcycle sports ** A motorcycle club member, defined more narrowly than all motor ...

bosses * Boomgun — Ork tank cannon (Found on Looted Wagons/Leman Russ tanks) * Zzap gun — Ork electricity-based tank cannon or a stationary cannon * Killkannon — Ork tank cannon (Mounted on Battlewagons) * Lobba — Large mortar, rocket launcher, or even trebuchet/catapult * Shokk Attack Gun — A weapon that teleports crazed snotlings (a subspecies of Orks) into enemy ranks or vehicles * Gorkanaut/Morkanaut — A large mech used for transport and destruction * Uge' Choppa — A two handed axe, usually wielded by Nobs * Gargant — A massive, robotic combat mech, the Ork equivalent to an Imperial Titan * Stompa — A smaller version of a Gargant * Power Klaw – A crude prosthetic hand with long, sharp claws, typically seen on Nobz and Warbosses * Deffdread – An ork Dreadnought, tyically armed with Skorchas and KillSaws * Killa Kan – A smaller Deffdread, piloted by Gretchins. They typically come in 3's * Lifta-droppa-tek – An umbrella terms relating to a group of ork weapons with weaponized tractor beams, these can appear on Trukks and Gargants * Rok – An Asteroid hollowed out by Orkz into a makeshift spacecraft that drifts through space until they crash onto a planet, this either results in the death of all the orkz inside, or the creation of an ork stronghold upon the victim planet * Attak Moon – A Rok the size of a moon, designed by Orkamedes

Famous Ork Warbosses

* The Beast - Boss of possibly the largest WAAAGH! to have ever existed which came dangerously close to destroying the Imperium around 32nd millennium. The Beast was also the largest Ork to have ever existed (although the Eldar stated that during the zenith of their civilisation they fought warbosses much larger and more powerful that would have easily have wiped out the Imperium, though this could simply be Eldar arrogance), being at least ten meters tall. The real name of The Beast is unknown. * Wazzdakka Gutsmek - the most powerful Biker Boss ever known. Legend has it that he once destroyed a titan of the Legio Titanicus by driving through its energy shields on his bike and smashing through the cockpit canopy. While still on fire from passing through the void shields, he set about slaughtering the crew, and keeps their still burning skulls as his favored trophies. * Ghazghkull Mag Uruk Thraka - one of the most notorious Warboss alive, responsible for the second and third Wars of Armageddon. He started as an insignificant goff boy, and after losing a fraction of his skull, went to see an Ork surgeon known as Mad Dok Grotsnik, who replaced the missing part of Ghazghkull's head with what is suggested to be a part of a computer, covering it with adamantium plating. After this surgery Ghazgkull claimed to have visions of the Ork gods, Gork and Mork. Ghazgkull united the tribes, claiming to be the prophet of the WAAAAAGH!, and prepared to assault Armageddon. Ghazghkull is a complete monster in close combat. He is almost impossible to stop, and conquered numerous planets. * Boss Zagstruk - A stormboy Boss who leads the infamous 'vulcha skwad' to battle. He and his elite squad of stormboyz are the shock troops of many an ork army. * Kaptin Badrukk - Badrukk is the leader of the Freebooterz; infamous Ork pirates and mercenaries. He is well known for helping Warlord Garaghak when fighting against the tyranids. He and his infamous mob of flash gits can light up battlefields with their highly powered Snazz guns. His preferred weapon is "Da Rippa", an Ogryn Ripper Gun modified to fire fuel rods. The radiation given off by the gun while firing is such that Badrukk must wear a lead lined coat for protection. * Gorgutz 'Ead 'Unter - An ork that plays a major role in all of the expansions of the original ''Dawn of War'', reappearing as the leader of the Orks in ''Dawn of War III''. He excels at escaping from the enemy when all seems lost, and his combat ability is enough to take out an entire company of Imperial Guardsmen with no aid. His appearance and Wargear are similar to Ghazghkull Thraka in appearance. He is still at large, waiting for the next moment to strike. * Kaptin Bluddflagg - A Freeboota Warboss, known for his obsession of collecting hats, that appeared in the ''Dawn of War II'' extension '' Retribution'' as the leader of the Ork Faction. *Old Zogwort - A renowned weirdboy who is said to have strangled 2 vipers at birth. Since then he goes into battle with a nest of vipers. He left his clan due to his curse of turning any unsuspecting independent character into a squig, and is currently a freebooter roaming the galaxy. *Grumbozz Slankshotta - An incredibly large Warboss who laid siege to the Hive Planet Slamparn. He is best known for his Skullkraka maneuver, and for his hideous stench. After the failed siege was lifted by The Golden Legion, Grumbozz retreated to the warp ascension point (WAP). *Grimskull - A Warboss who attempted to conquer a Forge World Graia in video game '' Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine''. He would combat the Ultramarines and the Chaos Lord Nemeroth before being killed by Captain Titus. He is not confirmed to exist in the main timeline. *Kulo Kargash - This warboss referrers to himself as a planetary governor of the planet Xit. He is extremely obese to the point where he is unable to move around on his own power. Uses gravity suppressors on the rare occasions he does move. Is extremely paranoid of assassination and being overthrown. ook of The Astronomican*Tuska daemon-killa - one of da best bossez in ork hiztory. him and hiz boyz went to da warp and fought a leading daemon, he lost tho but da daemon king waz wotchin, so he gave him an hiz boyz a tikit to his dimenshin, and hez dere foreva, fighting endless daemonz. us orkz are bloody jelous. * Orkamedes – An unseen but incredibly bright Ork, responsible for the designs of all the Orkz most dangerous weapons from Telly-Portas to Rokz

Notes

* Anything an ork believes becomes real, this is evident by their vehicles going faster when painted red. More evidence points to the fact that ork weapons and vehicles only function because the orks think it works, and so it does. This ability is strong but has it’s limitations. * Orks believe tat certain colours grant abilities to whatever they're painted on. Red is believed to make vehicles go faster so Orks paint their vehicles their clan colour and red.

References

* * * * * * * {{Warhammer 40,000 Warhammer 40,000 species Orcs in popular culture Fictional warrior races Fictional fungi