Although

Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society ...

and

Xenophon Xenophon of Athens (; grc, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Greek mercenary armies o ...

referred to the entire region as

Susiana Susa ( ; Middle elx, 𒀸𒋗𒊺𒂗, translit=Šušen; Middle and Neo- elx, 𒋢𒋢𒌦, translit=Šušun; Neo- Elamite and Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼𒀭, translit=Šušán; Achaemenid elx, 𒀸𒋗𒐼, translit=Šušá; fa, شوش ...

, the name Khuzestan is what has been referred to the southwesternmost province of

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

(Iran) from antiquity.

Etymology

In some instances, sugar and

sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stalk ...

have been given as the meaning of Khuz. The fertile soil of Khuzestan has optimal potential for growing this plant, making excellent harvests for sugar cane possible here. However, most experts believe the name Khuzestan to be derived from ''Khūzī'', the name of the original

Elamite Elamite, also known as Hatamtite and formerly as Susian, is an extinct language that was spoken by the ancient Elamites. It was used in what is now southwestern Iran from 2600 BC to 330 BC. Elamite works disappear from the archeological record ...

people who inhabited the region, whose distinctive language reportedly survived until

Sassanid The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named ...

times. Every author of the early Islamic period, whether Arabic, Persian, or African, referred to the entire region as ''Ahvaz''. The word "Khuzestan", however, seems to have been widely used to refer to the region by the 9th century. Some scholars believe

Ahvaz Ahvaz ( fa, اهواز, Ahvâz ) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is hom ...

and Khuzestan are related to the name ''Ooksin'', a city established during the era of the

civilization, and are the altered forms of the words ''Ooks'', ''Ookz'', ''Hookz'', ''Huz'' and ''Khuz''. Iraj Afshar in his ''Nigāhī bih Khūzistān : majmū`ah´ī az awzā`-i tārīkhī, jughrāfiyā'ī, ijtimā`i, iqtisādī-i mintaqah'' states that ''Uxi'' was the Greek counterpart of the

word Ūvja. According to

Jules Oppert Julius (Jules) Oppert (9 July 1825 – 21 August 1905) was a France, French-Germany, German Assyria, Assyriologist, born in Hamburg of Jewish parents. Career After studying at Heidelberg, Bonn and Berlin, he graduated at university of Kiel, Kiel ...

, the word ''Ūvja'', was pronounced as ''Xuz'' or ''Khuz'' in the Elamite language. The word Ūvja appears abundantly in many texts and on

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire (; peo, 𐎧𐏁𐏂, , ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC. Based in Western Asia, it was contemporarily the largest emp ...

inscriptions at

Naqsh-e Rustam Naqsh-e Rostam ( lit. mural of Rostam, fa, نقش رستم ) is an ancient archeological site and necropolis located about 12 km northwest of Persepolis, in Fars Province, Iran. A collection of ancient Iranian rock reliefs are cut into t ...

,Se
here
and on Darius's epigraphs at

Persepolis , native_name_lang = , alternate_name = , image = Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.jpg , image_size = , alt = , caption = Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis. , map = , map_type ...

and Susa among othersSe
here
Ūvja, or its Greek counterpart ''Uxi'', were names used to refer to the land or the peoples inhabiting the land of Khuzestan. Furthermore, Ibn Nadeem, in his book ''

al-Fihrist The ''Kitāb al-Fihrist'' ( ar, كتاب الفهرست) (''The Book Catalogue'') is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn Al-Nadim (c.998). It references approx. 10,000 books and 2,000 authors.''The ...

'' (), mentions that all the Median and Persian lands of antiquity spoke one language. In his book he quotes the

Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh Rūzbih ibn Dādūya ( ar, ابو محمد عبدالله روزبه ابن دادويه), born Rōzbih pūr-i Dādōē ( fa, روزبه پور دادویه), more commonly known as Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ ( ar, ابن الم� ...

: :''"The Iranian languages are Fahlavi,

Dari Dari (, , ), also known as Dari Persian (, ), is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan. Dari is the term officially recognised and promoted since 1964 by the Afghan government for the Persian language,Lazard, G.Darī ...

, Khuzi, Persian, and Suryani."'' He then adds that ''Khuzi'' is the unofficial language of the royalty and comes from Khuzestan. In '' Majma-ul-Tawarikh wa al-Qesas'' ("The Collection of histories and Tales") written in 1126CE, Khuzestan appears with such names as ''Hajuestan'', ''Hobujestan'', and ''Ajar'', which seem to be derived from ''Hobujestan'' and ''Hujestan'' in Pahlavi language. . The Old Persian word ''Hūjiya'' "Elam" appears abundantly in many texts and on

inscriptions at

, and on Darius's epigraphs at

and Susa among others ''Hūjiya'', or its Greek counterpart ''Uxi'', were names used to refer to the land or the peoples inhabiting Susiana. In Middle Persian, ''Hūjiya'' "Elam, Susiana Province" became ''Huź'' "Susiana", and the modern form of this word is ''Xuz''. As with ''istan'', the common Persian ending ''-stan'' "land, region" was added at some point. The ''Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon'' by Roland G. Kent of the

American Oriental Society The American Oriental Society was chartered under the laws of Massachusetts on September 7, 1842. It is one of the oldest learned societies in America, and is the oldest devoted to a particular field of scholarship. The Society encourages basi ...

, lists the following chains of derivation: Ūvja → Awaz → Xuz
Ūvja → Ux → Xuz
Ūvja → Xuz → Hobuj
Ūvja → Hobuj → Xuz → Hoz
Ūvja → Hobuj → Xuz → Hoz → Ahvaz Whereas in some Iranian dialects such as Luri and Bakhtiari (also based in and around Khuzestan), the sound "h" is sometimes used for pronouncing ''Kh'', the words ''oo'', ''hoo'' and ''Khuz'' have in the process of time been added to the suffix ''-estan'', and the word ''oojestan'' has gradually changed to ''Hujestan'', forming the word ''Khuzestan''. Such conversions derive from the fact that in ancient Persian dialects and in Pahlavi language, the sound "oo" was changeable to "hoo" as in such words like ''Oormazd'' → ''Hoormazd'' or ''Ooshmand'' → ''Hooshmand''. And ''Hoordad'' has also been pronounced ''Khordad'' and ''Khoortat''.

Arabistan

Most Arabs such as the ''

Bani Kaab The Bani Kaab ( ar, بني كعب) (singular Al Kaabi ar, الكعبي) is an Arab tribe in Oman and the United Arab Emirates, also evident in other Gulf countries. Origins The tribe is associated with the area around and to the north of the O ...

'' tribe, came from the west and southwest of the Tigris and Euphrates outside of Khuzestan, beginning in the 15-16th centuries. During the succeeding centuries many more Arab tribes moved from southern Iraq to Khuzestan; as a result, Khuzestan gained the second name ''Arabistan'', and became extensively Arabized. In 1441, Muhammad ibn Falah, founder and leader of the '' Msha'sha'iya'', initiated a wave of attacks on Khuzestan, and the cities of

Hoveizeh Hoveyzeh ( fa, هویزه; ar, الهويزة also romanized as Huwaiza, Havizeh, Hawiza, Hawīzeh, Hovayze, and Hovayzeh; also known as Hūzgān or Khūzgān) is a city and capital of Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census ...

Khorramshahr Khorramshahr ( fa, خرمشهر , also Romanization, romanized as ''Khurramshahr'', ar, المحمرة, romanized as ''Al-Muhammerah'') is a city and capital of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population wa ...

, and Susa started seeing large increases in Arab populations. The term ''Arabistan'' thus came into use to refer to the Arab populated areas of this region. At this time, many texts started using ''both'' Khuzestan and Arabistan as the region's name. Examples are ''Majalis Al-Mumineen'' written by Ghadhi Nurollah Shushtari in 1585, ''Giti Gosha'' by Mirza Muhammad Sadigh Musawi, ''Nasikh Al-Tawarikh'' by Lisan Malek Sepehr, ''Muntazam Naseri'' and ''Mar'at ul-Baladan'' by Sani ol molk, ''Sharh Waghi'a'' by Ismail Mirza Dorughi, and the Afsharid era work ''Jahan goshay-i Naderi''. The Safavid era account ''

History of Alam Aray Abbasi The ''Tārīkh-e ʿĀlam-ārā-ye ʿAbbāsī'' ( fa, عالم‌آرای عباسی, italic=yes) recorded the history of the Iranian Safavid dynasty, from its founding under Shah Ismail I to the end, under Shah Abbas I, covering the period of 1600 ...

'' speaks of dispatching troops to "Khuzestan wa Arabistan" during the 8th year of Shah Abbas' reign. The name Arabistan, however, became more prevalent over time as the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...

became gradually involved in the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bod ...

region. By the time of the

Qajar Qajar Iran (), also referred to as Qajar Persia, the Qajar Empire, '. Sublime State of Persia, officially the Sublime State of Iran ( fa, دولت علیّه ایران ') and also known then as the Guarded Domains of Iran ( fa, ممالک م ...

Mozaffareddin Shah, the name Arabistan was meant to completely refer to all of Khuzestan.''Yaghma'', 3rd year, no 9, p389-396 for a more detailed account of this process. With the centralized Pahlavi government of Iran gradually strengthening,

Reza Shah , , spouse = Maryam Savadkoohi Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlu (queen consort) Turan Amirsoleimani Esmat Dowlatshahi , issue = Princess Hamdamsaltaneh Princess Shams Mohammad Reza Shah Princess Ashraf Prince Ali Reza Prince Gholam Reza P ...

restored the name of the province to its original in 1923.

Supporting documentation

The following is a list of sources that specifically use, describe, or discuss the word "Khuzestan". Almost all are written in the Arabic language.

9th century and before

Khwarizmi Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( ar, محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, Muḥammad ibn Musā al-Khwārazmi; ), or al-Khwarizmi, was a Persian polymath from Khwarazm, who produced vastly influential works in mathematics, astronom ...

's ''Mafatih Al-ulum''. *The poetry of ''Al-Muzraji ibn Kulab'', 699. (المضرجي بن کلاب) *''Al-masalik wa al-mamalik'' by Abul Qasim Ubaidullah ibn Abdullah ibn Khurdad-bih a.k.a.

Istakhri Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Farisi al-Istakhri () (also ''Estakhri'', fa, استخری, i.e. from the Iranian city of Istakhr, b. - d. 346 AH/AD 957) was a 10th-century travel-author and geographer who wrote valuable accounts in Arab ...

, 864. *''I'laq al-nafisah'' (اعلاق النفيسه) by Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Rasteh, 902. *''Kitab al-kharaj'' by

Qudamah ibn Ja'far Qudāma ibn Jaʿfar al-Kātib al-Baghdādī ( ar, قدامة بن جعفر الكاتب البغدادي; c. 873 – c. 932/948), was a Syriac scholar and administrator for the Abbasid Caliphate. Life Little is known with certainty about Qudama ...

, 879. *''Mukhtasar Kitab ul Baladan'' (مختصر کتاب البلدان) by Ahmad ibn al-Faqih Hamadani a.k.a.

Ibn al-Faqih Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Faqih al-Hamadani ( fa, احمد بن محمد ابن الفقيه الهمذانی) (fl. 902) was a 10th-century Persian historian and geographer, famous for his ''Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan'' ("Concise Book of Lands ...

. *''Ajayib Al-aqalim Al-sab'ah'' (عجايب الاقاليم السبعه) by Ibn Sarabiyun d.945. *''Tarikh al-Yaqubi'' by the famous historian

Al-Yaqubi ʾAbū l-ʿAbbās ʾAḥmad bin ʾAbī Yaʿqūb bin Ǧaʿfar bin Wahb bin Waḍīḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqūbī, was an Arab Muslim geographer and perhaps the first historian of world cult ...

. *

Sahih Bukhari Sahih al-Bukhari ( ar, صحيح البخاري, translit=Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī), group=note is a ''hadith'' collection and a book of '' sunnah'' compiled by the Persian scholar Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Bukhārī (810–870) around 846. Al ...

*''Al-risalah Al-Wasiyah'' by ''Ala ul-dowlah Semnani'', a mysticism treatise.

10th century

* Ferdowsi's Shahnameh *''Sowar al-Aqalim Masalik al-Mamalik'' (صور الاقاليم - مسالک الممالک) by Ahmad ibn Sahl Al-balkhi 920. *''Surat ul-Ardh'' (صوره العرض) by

Ibn Hawqal Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (), also known as Abū al-Qāsim b. ʻAlī Ibn Ḥawqal al-Naṣībī, born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; was a 10th-century Arab Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler who travelled during the ye ...

, 977. *''Ahsan al-Taqasim fi Ma'rifat il-Aqalim'' (احسن التقاسيم في معرفه الاقاليم) by Shamsideen Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr Al-Shami, a.k.a. Al-Muqaddasi, 985. *''Moruj ul-dhahab wa ma'adin al-jawahir'' (مروج الذهب و معادن الجواهر) written in 943 by

Masudi Al-Mas'udi ( ar, أَبُو ٱلْحَسَن عَلِيّ ٱبْن ٱلْحُسَيْن ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱلْمَسْعُودِيّ, '; –956) was an Arab historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodot ...

. *

's ''Al-tanbih wa al-ashraf'' (التنبیه و الاشراف). * Hodud ul-'alam min al-mashriq ila al-maqrib (حدود العالم من المشرق الی المغرب) written by an unknown author in 982. *''Al-risalah al-thaniyah'' by Abu Dalf mas'ar ibn muhalhal (ابو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل). *

Tabari ( ar, أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري), more commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (), was a Muslim historian and scholar from Amol, Tabaristan. Among the most prominent figures of the Islamic Golden Age, al-Tabari ...

's ''Akhbar al-rusul wa al-muluk'', 922. *''Tajarib al-umam'' by

Ibn Miskawayh Ibn Miskawayh ( fa, مُسْکُـوْيَه Muskūyah, 932–1030), full name Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb ibn Miskawayh was a Persian chancery official of the Buyid era, and philosopher and historian from Parandak, Iran. As ...

. *''Tajarib al-umam'' by Abu Shuja. d1002.

11th century

* Nizam al-Mulk's famous ''Siyasat Nama''. *The famous ''Tarikh al-Yamini'' by Muhammad ibn Abdul-jabbar Otbi (محمد عبد الجبار عتبی), d1305. *

The Canon of Medicine ''The Canon of Medicine'' ( ar, القانون في الطب, italic=yes ''al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb''; fa, قانون در طب, italic=yes, ''Qanun-e dâr Tâb'') is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian physician-phi ...

by Avicenna

12th century

Nizami Ganjavi Nizami Ganjavi ( fa, نظامی گنجوی, lit=Niẓāmī of Ganja, translit=Niẓāmī Ganjavī; c. 1141–1209), Nizami Ganje'i, Nizami, or Nezāmi, whose formal name was ''Jamal ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī'',Mo'in ...

's works. *'' Majmal al-Tawarikh wa al-Qasas'' (مجمل التواریخ و القصص) written in 1126 by an unknown author. *''al-Ansab'' (الانساب) by Abu Saeed Abdulkarim al-Tamimi al-Sama'ani, written in 1166. *''Rahat al-Sodur wa Ayat al-Sorur'' (راحه الصدور و آیه السرور) by Najmideen Abubakr al-Rawandi, in 1173. *''Ajayib al-Makhluqat'' (عجایب المخلوقات) by Muhammad ibn Mahmud ibn Ahmad al-Tusi. *''Fars Nama'' by Ibn Balkhi, 1116. *''Tadhkirat ul-Awliya'' by Farid al-Din Attar.

13th century

*''Wafiyat al-A'yan wa anba' ul-Zaman'' (وفیات الاعیان و انبا الزمان) by ''Abul Abbas Shamsuddin Ahmad Khalkan'' a.k.a. Ibn Khalkan, written in 1282. *''Al-mu'arrib'' (المعرب) by Abu Mansur Marhub ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khizr ibn Hasan ibn Jawalighi Al-Baghdadi, d1247. *''Mujem al-baladan'' (معجم البلدان) written in 1226 by

Yaqut al-Hamawi Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) ( ar, ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine Greek ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th-13th centuries). He is known for ...

. *''al-Mushtarak wadh'āa wa al-Muftaraq Sa'qāa'' (المشترک وضعا و المفترق صعقا), also by

. *''Athar al-Bilad wa Akhbar al-Ibad'' (آثار البلاد و اخبار العباد) by Zakariya ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Qazwini. *''Uyun al-Anba' fi Tabaqat al-Atba (عیون الانبا فی طبقات الاطبا), by Ibn Abi Asiba'ah, written in 1230. *''Al-Kamil fi Tarikh'' by

Ibn al-Athir Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī ( ar, علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) lived 1160–1233) was an Arab or Kurdish historian a ...

*''Sirat Jalaliddin Minakbarni'' ( fa, سیرت جلال الدین مینکبرنی) by Shahabiddin Muhammad Nasawi. *'' Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvaini'' ( fa, تاریخ جهانگشای جوینی) by

Ata-Malik Juvayni Atâ-Malek Juvayni (1226–1283) ( fa, عطاملک جوینی), in full, Ala al-Din Ata-ullah (), was a Persian historian and an official of the Mongol state who wrote an account of the Mongol Empire entitled '' Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā'' ( ...

. *''Tarikh Shahi Gharakhtaian'' ( fa, تاریخ شاهی قراختائیان) by an unknown author. *''Tarikh Mukhtasar al-Dawal'' (تاریخ مختصر الدول) by Ibn 'Ibri.

14th century

*''Lisan ul-Arab'' (لسان العرب) by Muhammad ibn Mukrim ibn Ali ibn Ahmad Ansari Ifriqi Misri aka ''Ibn Manzur'' d1311. *''Diwan Nizari'' by the Ismaili poet

Nizari Quhistani Hakīm Sa'd-al-Dīn ibn Shams-al-Dīn Nizārī Bīrjandī Quhistānī ( fa, حکیم سعدالدین بن شمس‌الدین نزاری بیرجندی قهستانی), or simply Nizari Ghohestani (died 1320 CE), was a 13th-century Nizari Ismaili ...

, d1320. *''Taqwim al-Buldan'' (تقویم البلدان) by Imad al-Din Ismail ibn Ali ibn Mahmud, a copy of which was printed by Reinaud in 1848. *''Nezhat ol-Qolub'' by

Hamdollah Mostowfi Hamdallah Mustawfi Qazvini ( fa, حمدالله مستوفى قزوینی, Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī; 1281 – after 1339/40) was a Persian official, historian, geographer and poet. He lived during the last era of the Mongol Ilkhanate, an ...

. *''Tarikh Gozideh'', also by

. *''Suwar al-Aqalim'' (صور الاقالیم) by unknown author. Written in 1347, this geographic treatise was dedicated to the Muzaffarid ruler ''Amir Mubarizeddin Muhammad''. *''Marasid al-Ittila' ila Asma' al-Imkanah wa al-Bagha (مراصد الاطلاع الی اسما الامکنه و البقاع) by Safideen Abdulmumin al-Baghdadi. *''Nukhbat ul-Dahr fi Ajayib al-Bir wa al-Bahr'' (نخبه الدهر و فی عجائب البر و البحر) by Shaikh Shamsuddin Abi Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abitalib al-Ansari, a copy of which was printed in 1928 by A. Meher in

Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...

. *''Tarikh Fakhri'' by Safiddin Muhammad ibn Ali a.k.a. Ibn Taghtaghi, written in 1301. *'' Jami' al-Tawarikh'' by

Rashid-al-Din Hamadani Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb ( fa, رشیدالدین طبیب;‎ 1247–1318; also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, fa, links=no, رشیدالدین فضل‌الله همدانی) was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilk ...

. *''Rawdhah Ulā al-Albab fi Marifah al-Tawarikh wa al-Ansab'' (روضه اولی الالباب فی معرفه التواریخ و الانساب) by Fakhriddin Abu Suleiman Dawud al-Banakuti, written in 1317. *''Shiraz nama'' by Abul Abbas Mo'in-uddin Ahmad Shirazi, written in 1356. *''Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyah al-Kubra'' (طبقات الشافعیه الکبری) by ''Tajiddin Abi Nasr Abdul wahab ibn Ali ibn Abdul Kafi Asbaki'' a.k.a. Ibn Sabki, d1326.

15th century

*''Al-Qamus Almuhit'' (القاموس المحيط) by Muhammad ibn Yaqub ibn Muhammad

Firouzabadi Firuzabadi ( fa, فیروزآبادی) also spelled as al-Fayrūzabādī ( ar, الفيروزآبادي (1329–1414) was a lexicographer and was the compiler of ''al-Qamous'' (), a comprehensive and, for nearly five centuries, one of the most wi ...

, d1414. *''Kitab al-ibr'' by Ibn Khaldun *''Zafar nama'' by Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi. *''Anis ul-nas'' (انیس الناس) by Shuja', written in 1426. *''Majmal al-Tawarikh'' (مجمل التواریخ) by Faish-iddin Ahmad, written in 1441. *''Matla al-Sa'dayn wa Majma' al-Bahrain'' (مطلع السعدین و مجمع البحرین) by kamaliddin Abdal-razzaq Samaqandi, d1482.

16th century

*''Sharaf nama'' by Abul Barakat Muniri, 1596. *''

Lubab ul-Albab ''Lubab ul-Albab'' (لباب الالباب) is a famous anthology written by Zahiriddin Nasr Muhammad Aufi in the early 13th century in eastern Persia. It is considered as the oldest extant biographical work in Persian literature and the most im ...

'' by Zahiriddin Nasr Muhammad Aufi. *''Habib ul-Sayr fi Akhbar Afrad Bashar'' (حبیب السیر فی اخبار افراد بشر) by Khandmir, written in 1520 by for Khajah Habibullah Savoji. *''Ahsan al-Tawarikh'' by Hasan Beyk Romlu, d1577. *''Tafawut al-Athar fi dhikr al-ikhyar'' (تفاوه الآثار فی ذکر الاخیار) by Mahmud ibn Hidayat al-Natanzi, written in 1589. *''Sharaf nama'' by Amir Ashraf-khan Badilisi, written in 1596.

17th century

*''Majma 'ul-Bahrain wa Matla 'ul Nayrein'' (مجمع البحرين و مطلع النيرين) by Fakhroddin ibn Muhammad ibn Ali Tarihi, d1674. *'' Farhang Burhan Qati''' (فرهنگ برهان قاطع) by Muhammad Husayn ibn Khalaf Tabrizi of India, 1672. *''Jami' Mufidi'' by Muhammad Mufid Mostowfi Bafghi, written in 1066. *''Firdaws dar Tarikh Shushtar'' by Ala'ul Mulk Husayni Shushtari Mar'ashi. *''Khulasat al-Baladan'' (خلاصه البلدان) written by Safiddin Muhammad ibn Hashim Husayni Qumi, in 1668.

18th century and after

*''Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus'' (تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس) by Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdul-razzaq Hussayni Yamani Zubaidy, 1790. *''Farhang Anandraj'' (فرهنگ آنندراج) by Muhammad Padhsha ibn Ghulam Muhyiddin, India, 1888. *''Lughat Nama'' of

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda Allameh Ali Akbar Dehkhodā ( fa, علی‌اکبر دهخدا; 1879–March 9, 1956) was a prominent Iranian linguist and lexicographer. He was the author of the Dehkhoda Dictionary, the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language p ...

. *''Haqayiq al-Akhbar Naseri'' (حقایق الاخبار ناصری) by Mirza Sayyid Jafar. *''Dareh Na Darreh'' (دره نا دره) by Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi, d1759. *''Da'irat ul-Ma'arif al-Qarn al-Rabi' al-Ashar'' (دائره المعارف القرن الرابع العشر) by Muhammad farid Mustafa Wajdi, b1878.

References

Further references used

* Najafī, Muhammad Bāqir. ''Khuzistan dar manabi' Iran-shinasi''. Tehran. 1983. Library of The National Museum of Iran. This study documents in 5 chapters and 162 pages, the sources of the names ''Khuzestan'' and ''Ahvaz'' in the most extensive detail. *

Encyclopædia Iranica ''Encyclopædia Iranica'' is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times. Scope The ''Encyc ...

{{DEFAULTSORT:Origin Of The Name Khuzestan Khuzestan Province Khuzestan Khuzestan