The Royal Order of the White Eagle was a Royal Order in the Kingdom of Serbia (1883–1918) and the

Kingdom of Yugoslavia The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...

(1918–1945). It continues as a

dynastic order A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...

, with appointments currently made by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia.

History

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

Milan I of Serbia Milan Obrenović ( sr-cyr, Милан Обреновић, Milan Obrenović; 22 August 1854 – 11 February 1901) reigned as the prince of Serbia from 1868 to 1882 and subsequently as king from 1882 to 1889. Milan I unexpectedly abdicated in ...

instituted the Order of the White Eagle on 23 January 1883, concurrently with the

Order of St. Sava The Royal Order of St. Sava is an Order of merit, first awarded by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1883 and later by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was awarded to nationals and foreigners for meritorious ach ...

. The Order had five classes and was conferred on Serbian and Yugoslav citizens for achievements in peace or war, or for special merits to the Crown, the state and nation. In the period between 1883 and 1898 Order of the White Eagle was the highest award in the Kingdom of Serbia. In 1898 the Royal Order of Miloš the Great took precedence over the White Eagle and in 1904 the former was replaced by the

Order of Karađorđe's Star The Order of Karađorđe's Star ( sr, Orden Karađorđeve zvezde, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Орден Карађорђеве звезде) is Serbia's highest civilian and military decoration. It originated in the Kingdom of Serbia, and was initial ...

. After his accession to the throne in 1903, King

Peter I of Serbia Peter I ( sr-Cyr, Петар I Карађорђевић, Petar I Кarađorđević; – 16 August 1921) was the last king of Serbia, reigning from 15 June 1903 to 1 December 1918. On 1 December 1918, he became the first king of the Serbs, ...

continued awarding the Order of the White Eagle, but the reverse of the medallion had the year of the proclamation of the Kingdom (1883) instead of the cipher of Milan I. The white eagle with wings displayed was re-established as the State Arms of Serbia, symbol descended from the

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

s of Byzantium. The order had a War Merit Division, with crossed swords between the Royal Crown and eagle's heads, that was introduced in 1915, and conferred for conspicuous bravery of the officers in the field. In 1945, with the end of the monarchy, the order was in effect exiled, but it was revived in the

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yu ...

as a decoration with a War Merit Division.Zakon o osnovnim pravima lica odlikovanih Ordenom Karađorđeve zvezde s mačevima, Ordenom Belog orla s mačevima i Zlatnom medaljom Obilića
("Službeni list SFRJ", br. 67/72, 22/73, 33/76, 39/77 (Prečišćeni tekst), 53/82, 75/85, 87/89). Since the end of Yugoslavia, the

Royal Order In Belgium, a Royal Decree (RD) or Royal Order () (Dutch), Arrêté Royal (French), or Königlicher Erlass (German) is a federal governmental decree exercising legislation, or powers the legislature has delegated to the King as secondary legisla ...

continues to be awarded by Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, as the senior representative of the Crown. His awards include Angelo de Mojana di Cologna, Grand Master of the

Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), officially the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta ( it, Sovrano Militare Ordine Ospedaliero di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme, di Rodi e di Malta; ...

, and posthumous conferment upon three Crown Council Members. On 22 August 2016, Prince Alexander awarded the Grand Cross of the Order to husbands of three princesses of the royal family,

Sir Desmond de Silva Sir George Desmond Lorenz de Silva, (13 December 1939 – 2 June 2018) was a British criminal law barrister and international lawyer who served as the United Nations Chief War Crimes Prosecutor in Sierra Leone. Early life Desmond de Silva was ...

, a former

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...

War Crimes Prosecutor, Mr Gregory Thune-Larsen, and Mr Austin Prichard-Levy.

Description

The Order of the White Eagle has five degrees, and can be awarded with swords for the military services, with or without swords for civil merit. The Order is organized into five classes: * SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla VKrst BAR

1st Class – Grand Cross * SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla VOficir BAR

2nd Class – Grand Officer's Cross * SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla Komandir BAR

3rd Class – Commander's Cross * SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla Oficir BAR

4th Class – Officer's Cross * SRB-SHS-YUG Orden Belog Orla Kavalir BAR

5th Class – Knight's Cross The

sash A sash is a large and usually colorful ribbon or band of material worn around the body, either draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip and back up, or else running around the waist. The sash around the waist may be worn in daily attire, bu ...

of the Order is worn from the left shoulder to the right hip.

Recipients

;Grand Masters *

Alexander I of Serbia Alexander I ( sr-cyr, Александар Обреновић, Aleksandar Obrenović; 14 August 187611 June 1903) reigned as the king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Draga Mašin, were assassinated by a group of Royal Serbian ...

Alexander I of Yugoslavia Alexander I ( sr-Cyrl, Александар I Карађорђевић, Aleksandar I Karađorđević, ) ( – 9 October 1934), also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yu ...

* Peter II of Yugoslavia ;Grand Crosses *

Alois Lexa von Aehrenthal Alois Leopold Johann Baptist Graf Lexa von Aehrenthal (27 September 1854 – 17 February 1912) was diplomat from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Biographer Solomon Wank says he exuded a strong monarchical-conservative outlook, loyalty to the Empire, ...

Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen (3 August 1817 – 18 February 1895), was an Austrian Habsburg general. He was the grandson of Emperor Leopold II and one of the chief military advisors of Emperor Francis ...

Alexander of Battenberg Alexander Joseph ( bg, Александър I Батенберг; 5 April 185717 November 1893), known as Alexander of Battenberg, was the first prince (''knyaz'') of the Principality of Bulgaria from 1879 until his abdication in 1886. The Bulga ...

Count Kasimir Felix Badeni Count Kasimir Felix Badeni (German: ''Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni'', Polish: ''Kazimierz Feliks hrabia Badeni''; 14 October 1846 – 9 July 1909), a member of the Polish noble House of Badeni, was an Austrian statesman, who served as Minister- ...

Andrew Bertie Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie (15 May 1929 – 7 February 2008) was Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from 1988 until his death in 2008. On 20 February 2015 a formal inquiry for the cause of his beatificat ...

* Otto von Bismarck *

Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy Field Marshal Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, (11 September 1862 – 6 June 1935) was a British Army officer who served as Governor General of Canada, the 12th since the Canadian Confederation. Known to friends as "Bu ...

* Armand De Ceuninck *

Desmond de Silva (barrister) Sir George Desmond Lorenz de Silva, (13 December 1939 – 2 June 2018) was a British criminal law barrister and international lawyer who served as the United Nations Chief War Crimes Prosecutor in Sierra Leone. Early life Desmond de Silva was ...

Botho zu Eulenburg Botho Wendt August Graf zu Eulenburg (31 July 1831 – 5 February 1912) was a Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian politician, statesman. Early life and career Eulenburg was born in Wicken near Bartoszyce, BartensteinCharles Granville Fortescue * Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria *

Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis III (german: Friedrich Franz Paul Nikolaus Ernst Heinrich; 19 March 1851 – 10 April 1897) was the penultimate Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Biography He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust as the son of Frederick Francis II, ...

* Frederick III, German Emperor *

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of I ...

* Agenor Maria Gołuchowski *

Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929) en, Albert William Henry , image = Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929), brother of Kaiser Wilhelm II.jpg , caption = , birth_date= , birth_place= Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia , spouse = , house = Hohenzollern , ...

* Higashifushimi Yorihito * Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst *

Prince Kuni Kuniyoshi was a member of the Japanese imperial family and a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Meiji and Taishō periods. He was the father of Empress Kōjun (who in turn was the consort of the Emperor Shōwa), and therefore, the mat ...

Aleksey Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Куропа́ткин; March 29, 1848January 16, 1925) served as the Russian Imperial Minister of War from January 1898 to February 1904 and as a field command ...

Prince Leopold of Bavaria Prince Leopold of Bavaria (Leopold Maximilian Joseph Maria Arnulf; 9 February 1846 – 28 September 1930) was born in Munich, the son of Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria (1821–1912) and his wife Archduchess Augusta of Austria (1825–1864). H ...

Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany (Leopold Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Franz von Assisi Karl Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Wenzel Galius von Österreich-Toskana) (15 October 1863 – 4 September ...

Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse English: Frederick William Louis Charles , house = Hesse-Darmstadt , father = Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine , mother = Princess Elisabeth of Prussia , birth_date = , birth_place = Prinz-Carl-Palais, Darmstadt, Gra ...

* Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria *

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* Prince Nicholas of Romania *

Nicholas I of Montenegro Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš ( sr-cyr, Никола I Петровић-Његош; – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 19 ...

* Danail Nikolaev *

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Radomir Putnik Radomir Putnik ( sr, Радомир Путник; ; 24 January 1847 – 17 May 1917) was the first Serbian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Serbian army in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War. He served in every war ...

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* Prince Rudolf of Liechtenstein * Andrew Hamilton Russell *

Edward Rydz-Śmigły Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941; nom de guerre ''Śmigły, Tarłowski, Adam Zawisza''), also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland ...

* Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer *

Vladimir Sukhomlinov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinov ( rus, Владимир Александрович Сухомлинов, p=sʊxɐˈmlʲinəf; – 2 February 1926) was a Russian general of the Imperial Russian Army who served as the Chief of the General Staf ...

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Nikola Tesla Nikola Tesla ( ; ,"Tesla"
''

Ernest Troubridge *

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previo ...

* Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov *

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* August zu Eulenburg ;Grand Officers * Charles James Briggs *

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* Jevrem Grujić * Dimitrios Ioannou *

Lyman Lemnitzer Lyman Louis Lemnitzer (August 29, 1899 – November 12, 1988) was a United States Army general who served as the fourth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1960 to 1962. He then served as the Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO from 1 ...

* Joseph T. McNarney * Živojin Bumbaširević ;Commanders *

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* Herbert Henry Austin *

Edward Chaytor Major General Sir Edward Walter Clervaux Chaytor, (21 June 1868 – 15 June 1939) was a farmer, and a military commander of New Zealand troops in the Boer War and the First World War. Early life Born in Motueka, New Zealand, Chaytor was the so ...

* Cyril Clowes *

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* Ivan Kolev (general) *

Arthur Laumann Arthur Laumann was a German World War I flying ace who scored 28 victories in just over three months. He rose to become Air Attache to Greece and Yugoslavia during World War II, raising to a final rank of ''Luftwaffe'' ''Generalmajor''. World War ...

* Svetozar T. Nešić * Tadeusz Piskor * Roman Sondermajer *

Stepa Stepanović Stepan "Stepa" Stepanović ( sr-cyr, Степан Степа Степановић, ; – 29 April 1929) was a Serbian military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balk ...

* Prince Tomislav of Yugoslavia * Bolesław Wieniawa-Długoszowski ;Officers *

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* James Durrant * Cecil Foott * Gilbert W. M. Green * Sir James Horlick, 4th Baronet * Sergěj Ingr * Carl Jess * John Meredith (general) *

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* Karl von Plettenberg * Edward Murray Colston, 2nd Baron Roundway *

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* Claud Tudor ;Knights * Lionel Gough Arbuthnot * Ernest Lucas Guest *

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* Richard W. O'Neill ;Other or Unknown Classes * * Paul Émile Appell *

Léon Bérard Léon Bérard (6 January 1876, Sauveterre-de-Béarn – 24 February 1960 in Saint-Étienne) was a French politician and lawyer. Bérard was Minister of Public Instruction in 1919 and from 1921 to 1924, and Minister of Justice from 1931 to 1932 ...

* Afrikan P. Bogaewsky *

* E. T. Burke * Charles Edward Callwell *

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* Henry Day *

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* Dragutin Matić * Nićifor Dučić * John Duncan (British Army officer, born 1872) * Alexander Fisher (sound engineer) *

Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria (21 August 1866 – 20 April 1939) was the son of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. He married Archduchess Marie Valerie in 1890, though, due to Marie V ...

* Helen Losanitch Frothingham * Grigore Gafencu * Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen *

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* Émile Guépratte * George Harper *

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* Isabel Emslie Hutton * Elsie Inglis *

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* Antonija Javornik *

Germanos Karavangelis Germanos Karavangelis ( el, Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης, also transliterated as ''Yermanos'' and ''Karavaggelis'' or ''Karavagelis'', 1866–1935) was known for his service as Metropolitan Bishop of Kastoria and later Amaseia, Pon ...

* Henry Keary *

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* Alexander Kolchak * Georgios Kondylis *

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* Douglas MacArthur *

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Aleksandar Mašin , native_name_lang = Serbian, Czech , birth_name = , other_name = , nickname = , birth_date = , birth_place = Belgrade, Principality of Serbia , death_date = , death_place = Belgrade, Kingdom of Ser ...

* William Meldrum (general) * Draža Mihailović * Čedomilj Mijatović *

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* Peter Patton * Mārtiņš Peniķis *

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* Alessandro Pirzio Biroli *

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* Ralph Royce *

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* Humphry Sandwith *

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* Ivan Smirnov (aviator) * Leonid Solarević *

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* Nicolae Titulescu *

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František Zach František Zach (; sr, Франтишек Зах/František Zah; 1 May 1807 – 14 January 1892), known as Franjo Zah (Фрањо Зах), was a Czech-born soldier and military theorist, best known for his service to the Principality of Serbia, ...

References

{{Orders, decorations, and medals of Serbia White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle (Serbia), Order of the Awards established in 1883 Awards disestablished in 1945 1883 establishments in Serbia Orders, decorations, and medals of the Kingdom of Serbia