The Imperial Order of the White Eagle (russian: О́рден Бе́лого Орла́) was an

Imperial Russian The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. Th ...

Order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...

based on the Polish honor. Emperor

Nicholas I of Russia , house = Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp , father = Paul I of Russia , mother = Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg) , birth_date = , birth_place = Gatchina Palace, Gatchina, Russian Empire , death_date ...

established the award in 1831 as the ''Imperial and Royal Order of the White Eagle''. A recipient of the Order was granted the title ''Knight of the Imperial (and Royal) Order of the White Eagle''.

Background

The "white eagle" has been associated with Poland even prior to statehood; first appearing on the Polish Coat of Arms in the 13th century. The original Order of the White Eagle ( pl, Order Orła Białego) was reputedly established by King Władysław I in 1325. There is no evidence of it being awarded, however, until 1705 under

Augustus II the Strong Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as K ...

, King of the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, the Order of the White Eagle briefly disappeared along with the Polish monarchy. After his death in 1798, Empress Alexandra wore the Collar of the Grand Master of the Order at

Nicholas Nicholas is a male given name and a surname. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Anglican Churches celebrate Saint Nicholas every year on December 6, which is the name day for "Nicholas". In Greece, the name and its ...

’s coronation as King of Poland. The order was resurrected in 1807 by

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

in his short-lived

Duchy of Warsaw The Duchy of Warsaw ( pl, Księstwo Warszawskie, french: Duché de Varsovie, german: Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during ...

. In 1815, the

Congress of Vienna The Congress of Vienna (, ) of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon ...

divided the historically Polish lands among

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...

, the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

and the Russian Empire. The majority of the territory was renamed the Kingdom of Poland and was to be an autonomous part of the Russian Empire. The Order of the White Eagle is mentioned as belonging to the Kingdom of Poland in its constitution of 1815: During the years immediately following the Congress of Vienna, the badge and cross of the Order were awarded with the same Polish insignia, but the majority of the recipients were Russians or members of the Austrian Empire. After Russian troops put down the Polish uprising of 1830-31, Nicholas I stripped the autonomy from the Kingdom of Poland and adopted all Polish orders of merit.

Order within the Russian Empire

The Order of the White Eagle was officially "annexed" by Nicholas I on 17 November 1831 and became part of the Russian Imperial honors system. Among the first recipients of the Imperial Order of the White Eagle were

Ivan Paskevich Count Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich-Erevansky, Serene Prince of Warsaw (russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Паске́вич-Эриванский, светлейший князь Варшавский, tr. ; – ) was an Imperial Russian mi ...

and Pyotr Petrovich Palen, recognised for their part in suppressing the Polish uprising. The new design featured significant alterations: the badge was now of gold and red enamel; on the front, the original red

maltese cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which develope ...

and white eagle were reduced in size and superimposed over the

double-headed eagle In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, origi ...

of the Russian Empire. The back of the badge featured the original Polish badge design, superimposed over the Russian imperial eagle. The star now featured the Russian royal crown. On 25 January 1832, a blue ribbon and sash were introduced. The Order of the White Eagle was given a high status in the hierarchy of distinction, ranked only behind the Order of Saint Andrew, the

Order of Saint Catherine The Imperial Order of Saint Catherine (russian: Императорский Орден Святой Екатерины) was an award of Imperial Russia. Instituted on 24 November 1714 by Peter the Great on the occasion of his marriage to Catherine ...

(for women only) and the

Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky The Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire first awarded on by Empress Catherine I of Russia. History The introduction of the Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was envisioned by Emperor ...

. As the top three awards were named after

Russian Orthodox Russian Orthodoxy (russian: Русское православие) is the body of several churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Church Slavonic language. Most ...

saints, the Order of the White Eagle was the preferred award to bestow upon non-Christians. It granted hereditary nobility.

Recipients

* Alexander Abaza *

'Abd al-Ahad Khan Said Abd al-Ahad Khan (26 March 1859 in Karmana – 3 January 1911) was the 7th Emir of the Uzbek Manghit dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Bukhara, which at the time was a part of the Russian Empire. He ascended to the title a ...

* Count Nikolay Adlerberg *

Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , spouse = , issue = Marie, Princess Julius Ernst of Lippe Jutta, Crown Princess of MontenegroAdolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-StrelitzDuke Karl Borwin , father = Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenbu ...

* Ahmad Shah Qajar *

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* Prince Albert of Prussia (1809–1872) * Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen *

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Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev or Alexeyev (russian: Евге́ний Ива́нович Алексе́ев ( – May 27, 1917) was an admiral in the Imperial Russian Navy, viceroy of the Russian Far East, and commander-in-chief of Imperial Rus ...

Alexander III of Russia Alexander III ( rus, Алекса́ндр III Алекса́ндрович, r=Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich; 10 March 18451 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 18 ...

* Alexander Nikolaevich Golitsyn * Alexander of Battenberg * Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine *

Duke Alexander of Oldenburg , house =House of Holstein-Gottorp , father = Duke Peter of Oldenburg , mother =Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg , birth_date = , birth_place =St. Petersburg, Russian Empire , death_date = , ...

* Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia * Grand Duke Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia *

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* Ippolit Andreev * Avraamy Aslanbegov * August Gyldenstolpe * Prince August, Duke of Dalarna *

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* Theodor Avellan *

Count Kasimir Felix Badeni Count Kasimir Felix Badeni (German: ''Kasimir Felix Graf von Badeni'', Polish: ''Kazimierz Feliks hrabia Badeni''; 14 October 1846 – 9 July 1909), a member of the Polish noble House of Badeni, was an Austrian statesman, who served as Minister- ...

Ivane Bagration of Mukhrani }, ''Ivan Konstantinovich Bagration-Mukhransky'') (February 7, 1812 – March 11, 1895) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Mukhrani, and general in the Imperial Russian service. He was one of the biggest Georgian landowners of that time and a ...

Pyotr Romanovich Bagration Prince Pyotr Romanovich Bagration (russian: Пётр Рома́нович Багратио́н, ka, პეტრე რომანის (რევაზის) ძე ბაგრატიონი; 24 September 1818 – 17 January 1876), the ...

* Alexander Barclay de Tolly-Weymarn *

Vasili Bebutov , native_name_lang = , image = Bebutov.jpg , image_size = , alt = , caption = Portrait by Stepanos Nersissian , birth_date = , death_date = , birth_place = , death_place = , placeofburial = ...

Alexander von Benckendorff (diplomat) Count Alexander Philipp Konstantin Ludwig von Benckendorff (russian: link=no, Александр Константинович Бенкендорф, Alexander Konstantinovich Benkendorf; 1 August 1849 – 11 January 1917) was a Russian diplomat, of ...

Bhanurangsi Savangwongse Bhanurangsi Savangwongse, the Prince Bhanubandhu Vongsevoradej (11 January 1859 – 13 June 1928) ( th, สมเด็จพระราชปิตุลาบรมพงศาภิมุข เจ้าฟ้าภาณุรังษ� ...

Nikolai Bibikov Nikolai Bibikov (9 August 1842 – 21 February 1923) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army. Bibikov was the son of Major General Valerian Aleksandrovich Bibikov. After graduating from the Nicholas Cavalry School he served in Lancer Guard reg ...

* Aleksei Birilev *

Otto von Bismarck Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (, ; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was a conservative German statesman and diplomat. From his origins in the upper class of ...

* Georgy Bobrikov *

Nikolay Bobrikov Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov (russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Бо́бриков; in St. Petersburg – June 17, 1904 in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland) was a Russian general and politician. He was the Governor-General of Finla ...

* Woldemar von Boeckmann * Władysław Grzegorz Branicki *

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* Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland *

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* Alexander Chavchavadze * Christian IX of Denmark * Mikhail Pavlovich Danilov * Dmitry Dashkov *

Charles de Broqueville Charles Marie Pierre Albert, 1st Count de Broqueville (4 December 1860 – 5 September 1940) was the prime minister of Belgium, serving during World War I. Before 1914 Charles de Broqueville was born into an old noble family with its roots in ...

* Rudolf von Delbrück *

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* Mikhail Drozdovsky * Fyodor Dubasov * John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham * Alexander Alexandrovich Dushkevich *

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Nikolai Ottovich von Essen Nikolai Ottovich von Essen (russian: Никола́й О́ттович Э́ссен, tr. ; – ) was a Russian naval commander and admiral descended from the Baltic German noble Essen family. For more than two centuries, his ancestors had s ...

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Aleksei Evert Aleksei Ermolaevich Evert (russian: Алексей Ермолаевич Эверт; german: Alexei Ewert; also written ''Everth'' or ''Ewarts''; 4 March 185712 November 1918 or 10 May 1926) was an Imperial Russian general of Orthodox German extra ...

* Ferdinand I of Bulgaria *

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* Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin * Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden * Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen *

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Aleksandr Gerngross Baron Alexandr Alekseyevich Gerngross (russian: Александр Алексеевич Гернгросс) (4 August 1851 – 17 March 1925) was a general of Dutch origin who served in the Imperial Russian Army during the late 19th and early 20 ...

* Fyodor Logginovich van Heiden *

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Grigory Golitsyn Prince Grigory Sergeyevich Golitsyn (russian: Григорий Серге́евич Голицын; 20 December 1838 – 28 March 1907) was a Russian general and statesman from the princely Golitsyn family. Biography Born on 20 December 1838 (1 ...

* Vladimir Gorbatovsky * Oskar Gripenberg *

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* Gustaf V * Gustaf VI Adolf * Ferenc Gyulay *

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Lodewijk van Heiden Lodewijk Sigismund Vincent Gustaaf Reichsgraf van Heiden (german: Ludwig Sigismund Vinzent Gustav Reichsgraf van Heyden, russian: Ло́ггин Петро́вич Ге́йден, transliterated Russian name: ''Loggin Petrovich Geyden''; 6 Septemb ...

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* Dmitry Horvat *

Alexander Ievreinov Alexander Iosafovich Ievreinov (russian: Алекса́ндр Иоаса́фович Иевреинов, August 28, 1851 – 1929) was an Imperial Russian brigade, division and corps commander. He was made a captain in 1881, a Podpolkovnik (lieuten ...

* Illarion Vasilchikov * Alexander Imeretinsky * Maurice Janin *

Archduke John of Austria Archduke John of Austria (german: Erzherzog Johann Baptist Joseph Fabian Sebastian von Österreich; 20 January 1782 – 11 May 1859), a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, was an Austrian field marshal and imperial regent (''Reichsverwese ...

* Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg * Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg * Georg von Kameke *

Kyprian Kandratovich Kyprian Antonovich Kandratovich ( be, Кіпрыян Кандратовіч, Kipryjan Kandratovič, April 29, 1859 – October 31, 1932) was an Imperial Russian corps commander and the appointed commander of the armed forces of the short-lived Be ...

* Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern * Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria *

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* Alexander von Kaulbars * Gustav von Kessel * Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia * Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia * Konstantin Poltoratsky *

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Apostol Kostanda Apostol Spiridonovich Kostanda (December 24, 1817 – December 5, 1898) was an Imperial Russian division commander. He fought in wars in Crimea and Poland. He commanded the military forces in Moscow from 1888 to 1896. Awards *Order of Saint Anna, ...

Alexander Krivoshein Alexander Vasilyevich Krivoshein (russian: Александр Васильевич Кривошеин) (July 19 (31 ( N.S.), 1857, Warsaw – October 28, 1921, Berlin) was a Russian monarchist politician and Minister of Agriculture under Pyotr S ...

Aleksey Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (russian: Алексе́й Никола́евич Куропа́ткин; March 29, 1848January 16, 1925) served as the Russian Imperial Minister of War from January 1898 to February 1904 and as a field command ...

* Karl Lambert * Sergey Stepanovich Lanskoy * Leonid Lesh *

Leopold II of Belgium * german: link=no, Leopold Ludwig Philipp Maria Viktor , house = Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , father = Leopold I of Belgium , mother = Louise of Orléans , birth_date = , birth_place = Brussels, Belgium , death_date = ...

Alexander Mikhailovich Lermontov Alexander Mikhailovich Lermontov (27 February 1838 – 26 December 1906) was an Imperial Russian division commander. He participated in the war against the Ottoman Empire. Awards *Order of Saint Anna, 3rd class, 1863 *Order of Saint Stanislaus ...

* George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg * Sergei Georgievich, 8th Duke of Leuchtenberg * Kazimir Vasilevich Levitsky * Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse * Prince Louis of Battenberg * Alexander von Lüders *

Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria en, Louis Victor Joseph Anthony , image = Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria by L Agerer.jpg , caption = , birth_date = , birth_place = Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria , death_date = , death_place = Schloss Klessheim, Austria , burial_pl ...

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* Alexey Manikovsky * Manuel II of Portugal * Friedrich Martens * Esma'il Mass'oud *

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* Duke William of Mecklenburg-Schwerin *

Samad bey Mehmandarov Samad bey Sadykh bey oghlu Mehmandarov ( az, Səməd bəy Sadıx bəy oğlu Mehmandarov; October 16, 1855 – February 12, 1931) was an Azerbaijani General of the Artillery in the Imperial Russian Army and served as Minister of Defense of ...

* Emmanuel von Mensdorff-Pouilly *

Feofil Egorovich Meyendorf Baron Feofil Egorovich (von) Meyendorf (russian: Феофи́л Его́рович (фон) Мейендо́рф; german: Bogdan Theophil Freiherr von Meyendorff; 4 August 1838 – 18 October 1919) was an Imperial Russian military leader of Baltic ...

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* Konstantin Mikhaylovsky * Milan I of Serbia * Min Young-hwan *

Mikhail Mirkovich Mikhail Fyodorovich Mirkovich (September 17, 1836 – March 24, 1891) was an Imperial Russian regimental commander and ethnographer. He participated in the wars in Poland and against the Ottoman Empire. He is the son of Fedor Yakovlevich Mirkov ...

* Sayyid Mir Muhammad Alim Khan * Alexander von Moller *

Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Helmuth is both a masculine German given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name; * Helmuth Theodor Bossert (1889–1961), German art historian, philologist and archaeologist *Helmuth Duckadam (born 1959), Romanian form ...

* Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski * Pavel Nakhimov *

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* Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia * Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891) * Arkady Nikanorovich Nishenkov *

Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin (July 17, 1848 – May 21, 1922) was an Imperial Russian corps and army commander. He fought in the war against the Ottoman Empire and the Empire of Japan. Awards Russo-Turkish War: *Order of Saint George, 4th degree ...

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* Nikolai Obolensky * David Ivanovich Orlov * Oscar II * Archduke Otto of Austria (1865–1906) * Otto of Bavaria * Alexander August Wilhelm von Pape * Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná * José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco *

Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (russian: Павел Александрович; 3 October 1860 – 28 January 1919) was the sixth son and youngest child of Emperor Alexander II of Russia by his first wife, Empress Maria Alexandrov ...

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Duke Peter of Oldenburg Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg (german: Konstantin Friedrich Peter; russian: Пётр Гео́ргиевич Ольденбу́ргский, translit=Pëtr Geórgievič Ol'denbúrgskij; – ) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg. ...

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The White Eagle (Russian Empire) White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the White Eagle, Order of the

Background

Order within the Russian Empire

Recipients

See also

References