The Imperial Order of the Rose ( pt, Imperial Ordem da Rosa) was a Brazilian order of chivalry, instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 17 October 1829 to commemorate his marriage to

Amélie of Leuchtenberg Amélie of Leuchtenberg ( pt, Amélia Augusta Eugénia Napoleona de Leuchtenberg; french: Amélie Auguste Eugénie Napoléonne de Leuchtenberg; 31 July 1812 – 26 January 1873) was Empress of Brazil as the wife of Pedro I of Brazil. She was the ...

. On 22 March 1890, the order was cancelled as

national order A state order, or national order, is an order bestowed by a sovereign state as part of a national honours system.https://www.pressreader.com/lebanon/the-daily-star-lebanon/20180724/281573766486143 These orders, conferred for the merit of the recip ...

by the interim government of

First Brazilian Republic The First Brazilian Republic, also referred to as the Old Republic ( pt, República Velha ), officially the Republic of the United States of Brazil, refers to the period of Brazilian history from 1889 to 1930. The Old Republic began with the d ...

. Since the deposition in 1889 of the last Brazilian monarch,

Emperor Pedro II Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Em ...

, the order continues as a house order being awarded by the Heads of the House of Orleans-Braganza, pretenders to the defunct throne of Brazil. The current

Brazilian Imperial Family The Brazilian Imperial Family ( Brazilian Portuguese: ''Família Imperial Brasileira'') is a Brazilian Dynasty of Portuguese origin that ruled the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1889, after the proclamation of independence by Prince Pedro of Bra ...

is split into two branches Petrópolis and Vassouras, and as a consequence the Grand Mastership of the Order is disputed between those two branches.

History

It was designed by

Jean-Baptiste Debret Jean-Baptiste Debret (; 18 April 1768 – 28 June 1848) was a French painter, who produced many valuable lithographs depicting the people of Brazil. Debret won the second prize at the 1798 Salon des Beaux Arts. Biography Debret studied at th ...

, who, as discussed by historians, would have been inspired by the motifs of roses that adorned Amélie's dress when landing in

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

, or when marrying, or in a portrait of the same envoy from Europe to the then

Emperor of Brazil The monarchs of Brazil ( Portuguese: ''monarcas do Brasil'') were the imperial heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom o ...

. The order rewarded military and civilians, national and foreign, who distinguished themselves by their fidelity to the person of the Emperor and by services rendered to the State, and carried a number of degrees superior to the other Brazilian and Portuguese orders then existing. From 1829 to 1831 Emperor Pedro I granted only 189 insignia. His son and successor,

, during the second reign, got to grace 14,284 citizens. In addition to the two emperors, only the

Duke of Caxias Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are r ...

was order-great during his term. One of the first winners received the commendation for services rendered during an accident with the Brazilian imperial family: the small history of the court tells us that on 7 December 1829, newly married, Pedro I returned with the family of the Imperial Palace of São Cristóvão, in Quinta da Boa Vista. Like his favorite, he personally drove the carriage when, on Lavradio Street, the tow line was broken, and the horses became frightened, breaking the reins and driving the vehicle, dragged dangerously. The Emperor fractured the seventh rib of the posterior third and the sixth of the anterior third, had bruises on the forehead and dislocation in the fourth right, losing his senses. He had barely recovered them when he was picked up at the nearest house by the Marquis de Cantagalo, Joao Maria da Gama Freitas Berquó. According to the Bulletin on the Disaster of Her Imperial Majesty published in the '' Jornal do Commercio'', Empress Amélie was the one who demanded the least care: "she did not have any sensible damage except the shock and the fright that such disaster should cause her." The Emperor's eldest daughter, the future Queen

Maria II of Portugal , image = Queen Maria II by John Simpson.jpg , caption = Portrait by John Simpson, 1835 , succession = Queen of Portugal , reign = , predecessor = Pedro IV , successor = Miguel I , reg-type = Regents , regent ...

, "received great bruising on the right cheek, comprising part of the head on the same side." Auguste de Beauharnais, Prince of Eichstätt, Duke of Leuchtenberg and of Santa Cruz, brother of the empress, "had a luxation in the ulna of the right side with fracture of the same one". Baroness Slorefeder, assistant of the Empress, "gave a very dangerous fall on the head." Several servants of livery, when dominating the animals, were bruised. The doctors of the Imperial Chamber and others, the doctors Azeredo, Bontempo, the Baron of Inhomirim, Vicente Navarro de Andrade, João Fernandes Tavares, Manuel Bernardes, Manuel da Silveira Rodrigues de Sá, Baron of Saúde converged for the house of Cantagalo. Almost restored, Pedro I decorated Cantagalo on 1 January 1830 with the insignia of the dignitary of the Order, and Empress Amélie offered him her portrait, surrounded by bright jewels, and painted by Simplício Rodrigues de Sá. The members of the Honor Guard who accompanied the then Prince Regent on his trip to the Province of São Paulo 8 years before, witnesses of the "''Grito do Ipiranga''", landmark of the

Independence of Brazil The Independence of Brazil comprised a series of political and military events that led to the independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves as the Brazilian Empire. Most of the events occurr ...

, were also awarded the Imperial Order of the Rose. After the banishment of the

, the order was maintained by its members in private, being its grand master the head of the Brazilian Imperial House.

Characteristics

Insignia

Grand cross *Obverse: White star with six pointed tips, joined by garland of roses. To the center, a round medallion with the letters "P" and "A" interlaced, embossed, surrounded by blue-ferret border with the caption "LOVE AND FIDELITY". *Reverse: equal to the obverse, with change in inscription for the date of 2-8-1829, and, in the legend, for "PEDRO AND AMÉLIA". Tape and band *Light pink with two white edges.

Degrees

The degrees in descending order are: *Grand Cross (styled "Excellency" and limited to 16 recipients); *Grand Dignitary (styled "Senhor" and limited to 16 recipients); *Dignitary (styled "Senhor" and limited to 32 recipients); *Commander (styled "Senhor" and unlimited number of recipients); *Official (styled an honorary Colonel and unlimited number of recipients); *Knight (styled an honorary Captain and unlimited number of recipients);

Gallery

File:DpedroI-brasil-full.jpg, Emperor Pedro I, founder and first Grand Master of the Order, wearing the insignia of the Imperial Order of the Rose and other orders and decorations File:Amélie de Leuchtenberg - Impératrice du Brésil.png, Empress Amélie wearing the insignia of the Order File:Joaquim da Rocha Fragoso - Duque de Caxias, 1875.png, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias wearing the insignia and collar of the Order and other orders and decorations File:Pedro Américo - D. Pedro II na abertura da Assembléia Geral (cropped).jpg,

wearing the collar of the order File:Princess Isabel, Regent of Brazil COA.png, Coat of arms of Isabel, Princess Imperial File:D. Pedro Henrique de Orleans e Bragança.jpg, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza, then Head of the Imperial House of Brazil wearing the collar of the order and other decorations File:Imperial Order of the Rose (Brazil) - Fram Museum.jpg, Details of the insignia

Recipients

* Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil *

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* José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior * Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias *

* Prince Antônio Gastão of Orléans-Braganza *

Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince August Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (6 December 1867 – 11 October 1922), known in Brazil as Dom Augusto Leopoldo, was a prince of the Empire of Brazil and of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry. He was the second of four son ...

José Luís Mena Barreto José Luís Mena Barreto (24 October 1817 – 10 October 1879) was an army officer, politician and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil. He came from a wealthy family with a tradition of military service. José Luís entered the army in 1836, du ...

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Emil Bauch Emil Bauch (1823 in Hamburg, Germany – after 1874 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was a German Painting, painter, lithographer and teacher who came to reside in the city of Rio de Janeiro. He painted panoramic city scenes and portraits, as well as ...

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* James Brunlees * Ernesto Burzagli *

Louis Buvelot Louis Buvelot ( Morges 3 March 1814 – Melbourne 30 May 1888), born Abram-Louis Buvelot, was a Swiss landscape painter who lived 17 years in Brazil and following 5 years back in Switzerland stayed 23 years in Australia, where he influenced the H ...

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* Warren De la Rue * Rudolf von Delbrück * John Hay Drummond Hay *

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* Antônio Ferreira Viçoso * Marcos Christino Fioravanti *

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* Annibale de Gasparis * Gaston, Count of Eu *

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* Antônio Carlos Gomes * Gaspare Gorresio * John Pascoe Grenfell * Heinrich Halfeld *

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Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil , house = Braganza , father = Pedro II of Brazil , mother = Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies , birth_date = , birth_place = Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , death_date = , death_place = ...

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, Mathematical physics, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy (Glasgow), Professor of Natural Philoso ...

* Princess Leopoldina of Brazil * Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha * Ferdinand I of Bulgaria *

Luís I of Portugal Dom Luís I (31 October 1838, in Lisbon – 19 October 1889, in Cascais), known as The Popular ( Portuguese: O Popular) was a member of the ruling House of Braganza,"While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ac ...

* Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza *

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Machado de Assis Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (), often known by his surnames as Machado de Assis, ''Machado,'' or ''Bruxo do Cosme Velho''Vainfas, p. 505. (21 June 1839 – 29 September 1908), was a pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short stor ...

* Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia * Manuel Antônio Farinha * Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil * Clements Markham *

Victor Meirelles Victor Meirelles de Lima (18 August 1832 – 22 February 1903) was a Brazilian painter and teacher who is best known for his works relating to his nation's culture and history. From humble origins, his talent was soon recognized, being admitted as ...

Cândido Mendes de Almeida Cândido Mendes de Almeida (14 October 18181 March 1881) was a Brazilian lawyer, journalist and politician. He was representative and senator of the Empire of Brazil (1871–1881). He was decorated with the Order of St. Gregory the Great and th ...

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* Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz, Baron Uruguaiana *

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* Carlos de Morais Camisão * Robert Stirling Newall *

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* George O'Kelly *

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* Henrique O'Neill, 1st Viscount of Santa Mónica * Jorge Torlades O'Neill I * Prince Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza *

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* José Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco *

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Pedro I of Brazil Dom Pedro I (English: Peter I; 12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834), nicknamed "the Liberator", was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil. As King Dom Pedro IV, he reigned briefly over Portugal, where he also becam ...

Pedro II of Brazil Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed "the Magnanimous" ( pt, O Magnânimo), was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, the seventh child of Emp ...

Prince Pedro Augusto of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Prince Peter August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha ( pt, Pedro Augusto Luís Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 19 March 1866 – 6 July 1934), known in Brazil as Dom Pedro Augusto, was a prince of the Empire of Brazil and of the House of Saxe-C ...

* Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza * Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza * Prince Pedro Luiz of Orléans-Braganza * Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo *

James-Ferdinand de Pury Baron James-Ferdinand de Pury (1823 – 15 May 1902) was a Swiss businessman and philanthropist. He amassed a large fortune through his business in the Brazilian tobacco trade, and was knighted by Pedro II of Brazil. His villa in Neuchâtel now ho ...

* Antônio Ricardo dos Santos * Manuel Silvela y Le Vielleuze *

Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira (28 March 1834 – 29 January 1917), was a Brazilian landowner, lawyer, journalist, diplomat and politician. He was governor of the provinces of Ceará (1864–65) and Maranhão (1865-66) and served as Prime Minister ...

Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa (December 13, 1839 – July 16, 1884) was a Brazilian poet, politician, orator and lawyer, adept of the " Condorist" movement. He is the patron of the 31st chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Life Pedro Luís ...

* Maximilian von Speidel *

Félix Taunay, Baron of Taunay Félix Émile Taunay, Baron of Taunay (March 1, 1795 – April 10, 1881), was a French Brazilian painter, and drawing and Greek teacher. He was the father of famous writer and politician Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, the Viscount of Taunay. ...

* Charles d'Ursel * Louis van Houtte * Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza * Afonso, Prince of Beira

External links

Original appointment to the Order of the Rose signed by Emperor Dom Pedro II, 1887
- Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo

References

* Poliano, Luís Marques. ''Heráldica''. Ed. GRD. Rio de Janeiro, 1986. * Poliano, Luís Marques. ''Ordens honoríficas do Brasil''. * Brazil - The Imperial Order of the Ros

{{Empire of Brazil Rose, Order of the Awards established in 1829