The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (french: Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau, nl, Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau) is a

chivalric order An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order (distinction), order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic Military order (religious society), military orders of the ...

shared by the two branches of the

House of Nassau The House of Nassau is a diversified aristocratic dynasty in Europe. It is named after the lordship associated with Nassau Castle, located in present-day Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The lords of Nassau were originally titled "Count ...

(the Ottonian and Walramian lines). In the context of the elder ''Walramian line'', this order is the highest

Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

ian national order and is bestowed by the

Grand Duke of Luxembourg The Grand Duke of Luxembourg ( lb, Groussherzog vu Lëtzebuerg, french: Grand-duc de Luxembourg, german: Großherzog von Luxemburg) is the monarchical head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it w ...

. It may be awarded to sovereigns, princes of sovereign houses and heads of state for meritorious service to Luxembourg and the Grand Duke. In the context of the younger ''Ottonian line'', this order is a house order (

dynastic order A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...

) of the

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

Royal House of Orange-Nassau and is awarded as a personal gift by the King of the Netherlands. In this case, the honour is conferred on a person who has rendered special service to the Royal House.Orders for services to the Royal House
- description at the website of the Dutch Royal House (''

Dutch language Dutch ( ) is a West Germanic language spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language. It is the third most widely spoken Germanic language The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-Europea ...

'')

History

1858–1892

The order was founded with royal grand-ducal decree on 31 March 1858 by King-Grand Duke William III. The sovereignty of the order was to be shared between both branches of the

, by virtue of an agreement between William III, King of the Netherlands and

, and

Adolphe ''Adolphe'' is a classic French novel by Benjamin Constant, first published in 1816. It tells the story of an alienated young man, Adolphe, who falls in love with an older woman, Ellénore, the Polish mistress of the Comte de P***. Their illicit ...

Duke of Nassau The Duchy of Nassau (German: ''Herzogtum Nassau'') was an independent state between 1806 and 1866, located in what is now the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse. It was a member of the Confederation of the Rhine and later of the G ...

and future Grand Duke of Luxembourg. The order originally included only one grade (i.e. ''Knight''), but was increased to four by William III in 1873: # ''Grand Cross'' # ''Grand Officer'' # ''Officer'' # ''Knight'' The further rank of ''Commander'' (in between Grand Officer and Officer) was introduced in 1882. None of the changes made by William III were confirmed by Adolphe, with whom the order was supposed to be shared, and Adolphe refused to award any of the new grades. When William III died without a male heir, the grand duchy of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact.

1892–present

Two years later, in 1892, Adolphe abolished the grades that William III had created unilaterally and, to this day, the order has maintained just one grade, i.e. that of ''Knight''. In 1905, Adolphe agreed with

Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World Wa ...

to once again share sovereignty of the order between both ruling branches of the House of Nassau. At the present time, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg are joint Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau. The order is conferred only on rare occasions in the Netherlands or Luxembourg. For example, the former Dutch Foreign Secretaries

Max van der Stoel Maximilianus "Max" van der Stoel (; 3 August 1924 – 23 April 2011) was a Dutch politician and diplomat, member of the Labour Party (PvdA) and activist who served as High Commissioner on National Minorities of the OSCE from 1 January 1993 unt ...

and

Pieter Kooijmans Pieter Hendrik "Peter" Kooijmans (; 6 July 1933 – 13 February 2013) was a Dutch politician, jurist, and diplomat. He was of the defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), which later merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party. From 1 ...

were made knights of this order by the Queen of the Netherlands. In 1999, the two Grand Masters made the South African President Nelson Mandela a knight during his state visit to the Netherlands (see Nelson Mandela awards).

Insignia

A knight wears the order's badge on a sash on the right shoulder, and the plaque (breast star) of the order on the left chest. *The ''badge'' of the order is a white-enamelled golden Maltese Cross, with the golden monogram "N" between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is in blue enamel, bearing the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau. The reverse central disc is also blue enamelled, with the motto ''Je maintiendrai'' ("I will maintain") in gold. *The ''plaque'' is an 8-pointed star with straight silver rays; the same obverse of the badge of the order appears at its centre, surrounded by the motto ''Je maintiendrai'' in gold letters on white enamel. *The ''ribbon'' of the sash of the order is yellow-orange moiré with a small blue stripe at each edge.

Award criteria

"Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg": ''The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau can be conferred on sovereigns and on princes of sovereign houses and, nowadays, also on heads of state, for meritorious service to the Grand Duke and country. The bestowal of the insignia is carried out by the Grand Duke or his specially appointed official representative. The brevet is awarded in agreement with the head of the Ottonian branch of the House of Nassau (The Netherlands).''

Princes and Princesses of the House of Nassau

Princes who are sons or brothers of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau are born knights of the order. In 1984, Queen Beatrix and Grand Duke Jean made an agreement that princesses (daughters of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau) may be admitted when they reach the age of majority (18). On 16 February 2009,

Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg, Princess of Nassau and Princess of Bourbon-Parma (Alexandra Joséphine Teresa Charlotte Marie Wilhelmine; born 16 February 1991) is the fourth child and only daughter of Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Ma ...

received the order on her 18th birthday. Now that King

Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands Willem-Alexander (; Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand; born ) is King of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013. Willem-Alexander was born in Utrecht as the oldest child of Princess B ...

is the head of the Dutch branch, his daughters

Princess Alexia of the Netherlands Princess Alexia of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (full name: Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien; born on 26 June 2005) is the second daughter of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Queen Máxima of the Netherlands. Princess Alex ...

and

Princess Ariane of the Netherlands Princess Ariane of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Ariane Wilhelmina Máxima Inés; born 10 April 2007) is the third and youngest daughter of King Willem-Alexander and Queen Máxima. Princess Ariane is a member of the Dutch Royal H ...

are also entitled to receive the order on their 18th birthday. His eldest daughter,

Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange (Catharina-Amalia Beatrix Carmen Victoria; born 7 December 2003) is the heir apparent to the throne of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the constituent countries of Aruba, Curaçao, the Net ...

received the order upon her 18th birthday on 17 December 2021.

Recipients

;Grand Masters * Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Current) *

(Current) *

William III of the Netherlands William III (Dutch: ''Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk''; English: ''William Alexander Paul Frederick Louis''; 19 February 1817 – 23 November 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1849 until his death in ...

(Founder) ;Grand Crosses *

Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894) en, Charles Augustus William Nicholas Alexander Michael Bernhard Henry Frederick Stephen , image = Karl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg , image_size = 180px , caption = , spouse = Princess Pauline of Saxe-Wei ...

Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Frederick Francis II ( German: ''Friedrich Franz II;'' 28 February 1823 – 15 April 1883) was a Prussian officer and Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 7 March 1842 until 15 April 1883. Biography He was born in Schloss Ludwigslust, t ...

* Walthère Frère-Orban ;Knights *

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* Albert I of Belgium *

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* Alexander II of Russia *

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* Prince August of Württemberg * Baudouin of Belgium *

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* Birendra of Nepal * Carl XVI Gustaf *

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* Aníbal Cavaco Silva *

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Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (''Constantijn Christof Frederik Aschwin''; born 11 October 1969) is the third and youngest son of the former Dutch queen, Beatrix, and her husband, Claus von Amsberg, and is the younger brother of the rei ...

Constantine II of Greece Constantine II ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, ''Konstantínos II''; 2 June 1940) reigned as the last King of Greece, from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973. Constantine is the only son of King Paul a ...

* Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld *

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The second child and eldest son of Queen Victoria and ...

Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium Elisabeth of Bavaria (Elisabeth Gabriele Valérie Marie; 25 July 187623 November 1965) was Queen of the Belgians from 23 December 1909 to 17 February 1934 as the spouse of King Albert I, and a duchess in Bavaria by birth. She was the mother ...

* Elizabeth II of Great Britain * Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale *

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* Prince Félix of Luxembourg *

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Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...

* Frederick VIII of Denmark *

Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt , image = Friedrich I Anhalt.jpg , caption = Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt , succession = Duke of Anhalt , reign = 22 May 1871 – 24 January 1904 , coronation = , predecessor = Leopold IV , successor ...

Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden Frederick I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig; 9 September 1826 – 28 September 1907) was the Grand Duke of Baden from 1858 to 1907. Life Frederick was born in Karlsruhe, Baden, on 9 September 1826. He was the third son of Leopold, Gr ...

* Frederick III, German Emperor * Prince Frederick of Württemberg * Frederick William IV of Prussia *

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Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. ...

* Prince George, Duke of Cambridge *

George, King of Saxony en, Frederick Augustus George Louis William Maximilian Charles Maria Nepomuk Baptist Xavier Cyriacus Romanus , image =George of Saxony by Nicola Perscheid c1900.jpg , caption = Photograph by Nicola Perscheid c. 1900 , reign ...

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Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg Prince Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg (''Guillaume Jean Joseph Marie''; born 11 November 1981), is the heir apparent to the crown of Luxembourg since his father's accession in 2000. Early life and education Prince Guillaume wa ...

* Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg *

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Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark Prince Henrik of Denmark (; born Henri Marie Jean André de Laborde de Monpezat; 11 June 1934 – 13 February 2018) was the husband of Margrethe II of Denmark. He served as her royal consort from Margrethe's accession on 14 January 1972 unt ...

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* John of Saxony * Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria * Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium * Juliana of the Netherlands *

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* Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria *

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* Leopold III of Belgium *

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* Walter von Loë *

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* Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria *

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* Infanta Marie Anne of Portugal *

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* Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia *

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* Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau *

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* Queen Paola of Belgium * Duke Peter of Oldenburg *

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* Philippe of Belgium *

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* Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel *

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* Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg *

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References

* Legislative texts (French and German): ** Constitution, Art. 41. "The Grand-Duke awards the civil and military orders, while observing about this what the law provides." ** Constitution, Art. 45. "The dispositions taken by the Grand-Duc must be counter-signed by a responsible member of the Government." ** Mémorial A n° 48 of 27.11.1857
Ordonnance royale grand-ducale du 25 novembre 1857 concernant les ordres civils et militaires
(General provision about orders in Luxembourg) ** Mémorial A n° 13 of 05.05.1858
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 31 mars 1858 concernant l'institution d'un Ordre commun aux deux branches de la Maison de Nassau, sous le nom de: «Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau»
(Foundation of the Order) ** Mémorial A n° 10 of 28.03.1873
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 13 mars 1873 concernant l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Creation of new classes in 1873) ** Mémorial A n° 24 du 07.04.1882
Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 29 mars 1882 portant modification des statuts de l'Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Modification of statutes ) ** Mémorial A n° 10 of 05.03.1892
Arrêté grand-ducal du 22 février 1892 modifiant les statuts de l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau
(Statutes) ** Mémorial A n° 48 of 07.09.190
Arrêté grand-ducal du 27 août 1905 concernant l'Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Gold Lion Of The House Of Nassau 1858 establishments in the Netherlands Awards established in 1858 Orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire Orders of chivalry of Luxembourg