Or Zaruaa Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel

The Or Zaruaa Synagogue, Nachlaot, Jerusalem- he, בית כנסת אור זרוע, נחלאות, ירושלים was founded in 1926 (5687 Jewish Calendar) by Rabbi Amram Aburbeh for the Ma’araviim Jewish congregation in Jerusalem. It is located on 3 Shmuel Refaeli Street in the Nachalat Ahim neighbourhood in Jerusalem.

The synagogue was named Or Zaruaa after the Beth Midrash (study hall) that was held by Rabbi Shlomo Aburbeh, Rabbi Amram Aburbeh's father in his residence located in Avraham Azriel's court in the Old City of Jerusalem .

Building

Site

The Or Zaruaa Synagogue is listed among the sites for historic preservation by the Jerusalem municipality. The preservation site number of the synagogue is 2638. On 19 February 1997, Judge V. Ziler, President of the Jerusalem District Court, ruled that the synagogue would be declared permanently " Hekdesh," or consecrated.

Description

The Or Zaruaa Synagogue is a 10 meters high, two-storied building situated on a hill, 799 meters above sea level, with an area of 258 square meters, in the Nachlaot neighborhood, located in the center of Jerusalem. The exterior walls are covered with Jerusalem stone, as mandated for all buildings in Jerusalem. The first floor was built to provide the Rabbi and leader of the community a home. Today this space is used as a kindergarten. The second floor is the synagogue itself. The synagogue is designed in a typical Spanish North-African style, where the seating for the men surrounds the Bimah (stage). The hall has a very high ceiling, and it includes a gallery section for the women (''ezrat nashim''). Tall windows are accentuated by massive stone frames, curved at the top. The window panes are decorated with paintings and ornaments.

History

Rabbi Amram Aburbeh began the project of building a new Synagogue to accommodate the growing number of Ma’araviim Maghrebi Jewish families that were exiting the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem and settling in newer neighborhoods. He approached Don Yamin Ben Harroch, who headed the Jewish community in Melilla, Spain, and was known for his philanthropy. The project appealed to Ben Harroch, so he agreed to contribute funds to enable the construction.

On Tuesday, October 26, 1926, (18 Cheshvan 5687 Jewish calendar) the cornerstone laying ceremony for the Synagogue building took place in the Nachalat Ahim neighbourhood. At 3 pm the celebration started with the Beit Chinuch Ivrim (The Blind School) youth orchestra. Several leaders of the Jewish communities in Jerusalem were invited to be present. There were the Rabbis representing Sephardi Jews and Ashkenazi Jews. Among them were Rabbis Shmuel Azran, Harav Hanazir-Rabbi David Ha-Cohen, Harlap, Ovadia Hadaya, Shimon Ashriki, and Shmuel Allaluf. The speaker at the ceremony was Avraham Elmalih, a representative of the Ma’araviim committee. The first stone was placed by Rabbi Nissim Elishar, followed by the other guests. Amram Aburbeh insisted that only Jewish workers would be permitted to work on the building.

Rabbi Amram Aburbeh headed the Or Zaruaa synagogue since its inception in 1926 till 1951 when he was elected to be Chief Rabbi in Petah Tikva, Israel.

Activities

The new synagogue was inaugurated in 1927. Amram Aburbeh, the official owner of the Synagogue, served as its Rabbi. For a few years he was a resident in an apartment designated for him and his family on the first floor of the building until he built a house nearby. The apartment then became the residence of Haim Kobi, the ''Gabai'' of the Synagogue, and his family for the next 40 years.
Or Zaruaa served as a Synagogue as well as a ''Beit Midrash'', where lessons were taught. The Synagogue congregation participated for several years in Tzedakah, or charity activities, such as a donation in 1931 to the Misgav Ladach Jewish Hospital in Jerusalem.

Amram Aburbeh asked each member of Or Zaruaa Synagogue to donate and contribute even a small amount of coins to support the Misgav Ladach Hospital. Among the list of family names, it is evident that the members were of many origins (Yemenite, Eini family; the Tzdaka family from Aleppo, Syria; the Abulafia family from Gallipoli, Turkey; the Mizrachi from Iraq; Iran; Bukhara, Uzbekistan). Rabbi Amram Aburbeh was nominated the Chief Rabbi of the Nachlaot neighborhood in Jerusalem by the Chief Rabbi of Eretz Israel, Ha'Rishon Le-Tzion, Rabbi Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel.

Or Zaruaa Synagogue served as a voting locations during the elections in January 1931.

Connections to other synagogues

Between 1925 and 1927 Yamin Ben Harroch also allocated money for the construction of another Synagogue in his home town of Melilla, Spain, where Enrique Nieto designed the building. This Synagogue was also named Or Zaruaa.

Both Or Zaruaa Synagogues also resemble each other in several aspects of their interior design, such as the high ceilings, the marble stone walls with engraved dedications, colored stained glass tall curved windows, the ladies gallery (''ezrat nashim'') design and the unique multiple illuminating chandeliers. The chandeliers, originally from Italy, are still present in both synagogues, although they are now electric. The chandeliers gave the name Or Zaruaa a special meaning since "Or" in Hebrew means "light".

Or Brit Kodesh, BRIT, the bilingual magazine of Moroccan Jews edited by Asher Knafo, published in 2016, volume 34 an article "Or Zaruaa - Jerusalem - Melilla, two synagogues" (pages 72-80).
In 2011 the artist Hai Knafo was inspired by Or Zaruaa and dedicated a painting titled "Starlight Sower".

Rabbi Amram Aburbeh continued his family tradition of building Synagogues, and founded in the Sephardic Synagogue called Beit Avraham in Petah Tikva. In 1970 his son Ehud Avivi-Aburbeh was among the founders of the Synagogue Beit HaKnesset HaKipah HaAl-Adati and Beit Midrash named Netivei-Am after Rabbi Amram Aburbeh opus, in ''Shechunah Hey'' neighbourhood in Beer-Sheva.

Gallery

File:Memorial Rabbi Amram Aburbeh at Or Zaruaa Synagogue.JPG, Rabbi Amram Aburbeh memorial plaque at Or Zaruaa synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel. Amram Aburbeh, served as the synagogue's rabbi from its establishment until 1951.

File:Or Zaruaa synagogue Jerusalem interior Parochet, blue with golden embroidered letters Rabbi Shlomo Hai Knafo.jpg, A memorial parochet to Rabbi Shlomo Hai Knafo ZT"L, who died on 7 Iyar 5755. The parochet was donated by his wife Esther Knafo.

File:Or Zaruaa Synagogue, Jerusalem, Israel parochet with State of Israel emblem, Menorah and olive tree branches leaves.jpg, Parochet with the emblem of the State of Israel, Menorah, and olive tree branches with leaves.

File:Or Zaruaa Synagogue in Nachlaot, Jerusalem Israel interior. Parochet red hue with ten commandments.jpg, Parochet in red hue decorated with embroidery of The Ten Commandments. Memorial for Reuven ben Zmra, died on 1924.

File:Or Zaruaa Synagogue, Nachlaot, Jerusalem ,Israel interior parochet memorial..jpg, Or Zaruaa Synagogue in Nachlaot neighbourhood Jerusalem, Israel interior. Parochet on Torah Ark (Aron Hakodesh) dark black background decorated with the symbols of the 12 tribes of the ancient Israelites.

File:Or Zaruaa synagogue Jerusalem exterior door wooden and magen david zion.jpg, Wooden door entrance to first floor decorated with magen david and the word Zion in Hebrew.

File:Or Zaruaa synagogue Jerusalem exterior wall engraved stone sign, Yeshiva donated by Yamin Ben Harroch 1927.jpg, Stone commemorative plaque on the exterior wall stating: Yeshiva donated by Mr Yamin Ben Harroch in 1927.

File:Or Zaruaa synagogue Jerusalem exterior sign , philantropist Yamin Ben Harroch 1927.jpg, Exterior sign, with the blue letters stating that the synagogue was supported by philanthropist Yamin Ben Harroch, and founded in the year 1927.

See also

* Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century

Netivei Am website

References

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External links

Jewish Institute for the Blind, JerusalemJerusalem hospital Misgav LadachJerusalem city archivesJerusalem city Archive website 50 years commemoration event of Rabbi Amram Aburbeh at Or Zaruaa Synagogue Nachlat Ahim neighborhood, Jerusalem

North African-Jewish culture in Israel
Orthodox synagogues in Israel
Sephardi Jewish culture in Jerusalem
Sephardi synagogues
Spanish-Jewish diaspora
Synagogues completed in 1927
Synagogues in Jerusalem