Oleksandr Moroz (politician)
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Moroz
russian: Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Моро́з, translit=Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Moroz (born 29 February 1944) is a
Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine * So ...
politician. He was the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada twice, from 1994 to 1998 and again from 2006 to 2007. Moroz is one of the founders and the leader of the Socialist Party of Ukraine, formerly an influential political party in Ukraine. Moroz lost parliamentary representation when the Socialist Party failed to secure sufficient number of votes (2.86%) in the 2007 snap parliamentary election, falling 0.14% short of the 3% election threshold.


Early life and career

Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Moroz was born on 29 February 1944 in the village of , in what was then the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Soviet Union. After graduating from the local school in 1960, Moroz graduated from the Agricultural Academy of the Ukrainian SSR to become a mechanical engineer. He then worked in many careers, including as a teacher and engineer for twelve years. Moroz joined the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...
, moving from the First Secretary of local Regional Committee of the Communist Party to the position of the Head of the Kyiv Oblast Committee and the Oblast Trade Union Committee. He was a recipient of the Medal "For Labour Valour". He was a member of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Hymn of the Bolshevik Party" , headquarters = 4 Staraya Square, Moscow , general_secretary = Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) , founded = , banned = , founder = Vladimir Lenin , newspaper ...
from 1972 to 1991.


Kravchuk and Kuchma years

Moroz became a deputy of the Verkhovna Rada in 1990. During the August 1991
Declaration of Independence of Ukraine The Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine ( uk, Акт проголошення незалежності України, Akt proholoshennya nezalezhnosti Ukrayiny) was adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR on 24 August 1991.
, Moroz was the leader of the Communist Party in the Verkhovna Rada.Historic vote for independence
'' The Ukrainian Weekly'' (1 September 1991)
On 26 October 1991, he arranged the congress that formed the Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) as a successor of the Soviet-era
Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
. Moroz ran as a presidential candidate as a nominee of the Socialist Party of Ukraine in the
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...
and 1999 presidential elections, but he came third both times, with 13.04% of the vote in 1994 and 11.29% in 1999. In 1999, many experts predicted that Moroz had a chance to defeat incumbent Leonid Kuchma in the election run-off and according to many observers the government rigged the election results in favour of
Petro Symonenko Petro Mykolayovych Symonenko ( uk, Петро́ Микола́йович Симоне́нко; born 1 August 1952) is a Ukrainian politician and the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Symonenko was the Co ...
(of the
Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
) in order to make sure that unpopular Symonenko, rather than Moroz, would compete against Kuchma in the run-off vote. In 1996, Moroz together with several other parties prevented President Kuchma's attempt to concentrate most of the powers in the President's hands and led the Verkhovna Rada to adopt on 28 June the new Constitution that includes many positions close to the demands of left-wing parties. After signing the treaty of "Kanev Four" in 1999, he became an acknowledged leader of the non-Communist opposition to Kuchma. At a 2001 sitting of the Verkhovna Rada, Moroz made public
Mykola Melnychenko (Major) Mykola Melnychenko ( uk, Микола Іванович Мельниченко, born 18 October 1966 in Vasylkiv, Ukrainian SSR) was a bodyguard of Leonid Kuchma (President of Ukraine), an officer of the State Security Administration. Betw ...
’s tapes that alleged the involvement of the leaders of Ukraine, including Kuchma, in the murder of famous independent journalist Georgiy Gongadze that provoked the political crisis in Ukraine known as the Cassette Scandal. Moroz was a member of a special board "Forum of national salvation", a representative of a Public Committee of Protection of the Constitution " Ukraine without Kuchma" and later "Rise, Ukraine!" in charge of negotiations with representatives of the regime. Following the 2002 parliamentary election, the Socialist Party (which included Yuriy Lutsenko, Josef Vinski, Mykola Rudkovski and Valentyna Semenyuk) was the fourth-largest party in the Verkhovna Rada. The Socialists joined the "Oppositional Four", a group of parties that also included Our Ukraine, Yulia Tymoshenko Electoral Bloc and the
Communist Party of Ukraine The Communist Party of Ukraine, Abbreviation: KPU, from Ukrainian and Russian "" is a banned political party in Ukraine. It was founded in 1993 as the successor to the Soviet-era Communist Party of Ukraine which was banned in 1991 (accord ...
.


Orange Revolution and election defeat

In the 2004 presidential election, Moroz was nominated by the Socialist Party which he has chaired since 1991. He won third place with 5.81% of the vote. As a long-time leader of anti-Kuchma forces, Moroz quickly announced his support for Viktor Yushchenko's presidential bid against Kuchma's Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych, thus making Yushchenko the favourite to win in round two. That Yushchenko did not win despite this endorsement was used to argue that there was
election fraud Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of ...
in the run-off. Moroz supported the subsequent Orange Revolution, the mass protests that eventually led to the annulment of the vote results and to a revote won by Yushchenko. The support of the Socialist Party he brought to Yushchenko's campaign was important to widen Yushchenko's appeal to voters. Similarly, the votes of Moroz's Socialist Party faction in the Verkhovna Rada were crucial for passing several important resolutions during the Orange Revolution, particularly the non-confidence vote in the Kuchma–Yanukovych government involved in election fraud scandal. After the 2006 parliamentary election, Moroz was elected the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 6 July 2006 (238 ayes, 226 needed for election) with support of the Party of Regions, the Socialist Party and
Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
factions. The Socialist Party of Ukraine received 2.86% of the national vote in the 2007 parliamentary election, falling 0.14% below the election threshold, denying them the right of representation and removing Moroz as a member of the Verkhovna Rada.


Subsequent political activities

The Socialist Party chose the party leader Oleksandr Moroz as their presidential candidate for the 2010 presidential election, whose first-round ballot was scheduled to be held on 17 January 2010. 268 out of 422 party congress delegates registered supported Moroz's nomination. During the election, Moroz received 0,38% of the votes. Public opinion polls did not rate the Socialist Party or its leader Moroz as they were undecided as to their participation in the presidential election. In 2005, Moroz received 5.8% of the national vote. An opinion polls conducted by FOM-Ukraine in April 2009 showed Moroz with less than 1% support, with most analysts not considering Moroz as a serious contender as he would not win sufficient number of votes in the first-round presidential ballot, scheduled for 17 January 2010. After leading his party for twenty years, Moroz was succeeded as party leader by Vasyl Tsushko in July 2010.Economy minister appointed Socialist Party head
Kyiv Post (July 26, 2010)
However, he was again elected as party leader in August 2011.Oleksandr Moroz elected Chairman of Socialist Party of Ukraine
, National Radio Company of Ukraine (August 15, 2011)
In April 2012, Petro Ustenko was elected as Moroz's successor as party leader. Moroz tried to return to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2012 parliamentary election, running as an independent candidate for
single-member district A single-member district is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders. Single-member districts are also sometimes called single-winner vo ...
number 93 ( first-past-the-post winning a seat) located in Kyiv Oblast. Moroz was unsuccessful, finishing in third with 11.94% of the vote. In the
2019 Ukrainian presidential election The 2019 Ukrainian presidential election was held on 31 March and 21 April in a two-round system. There were 39 candidates for the election on the ballot. The 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia and the occupation of parts of Donetsk Oblast an ...
, Moroz was a candidate for the Socialist Party of Oleksandr Moroz.


Political views

Since organising the left-leaning Socialist Party of Ukraine, his party ideology largely evolved from orthodox communism to social democracy. He himself is a left-wing social democrat, though he has used both
Marxist Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
and social democratic rhetoric. For his moderate ideals, he met strong opposition from the more conservative wing of his party, represented by the supporters of Nataliya Vitrenko. Vitrenko eventually left the Socialist Party, proclaimed the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, and branded Moroz as an "opportunist" and "traitor", helping Kuchma to fight the opposition of Ukraine, which included the Socialist Party. After the last radicals headed by Ivan Chyzh left the party and formed an organization called Spravedlyvist (Justness), Moroz was able to transform his party closer to the European social democratic model. Moroz and his party supported the political reform and Ukraine's transition towards a more European parliamentary democracy which shifted the power balance in Ukraine stripping the President of some of his powers in favour of the Verkhovna Rada. During the Orange Revolution, his party voted for changes to the Constitution of Ukraine, changes which reduced the powers of the presidency. Moroz has also spoken in support of the preservation of land for Ukrainian farmers and has made many promises about resolving social problems using socialist rhetoric. The program of his party begins with a statement that demands real democracy for working people. In a 2018 interview on
112 Ukraine 112 Ukraine ( uk, 112 Україна) was a private Ukrainian TV channel which provided 24-hour news coverage. 112 Ukraine was available on satellites AMOS 2/3, via the DVB-T2 network, and was also available in packages of all major Ukrainian ca ...
, Moroz claimed that the world is controlled by a cabal including the Federal Reserve and the
Rockefeller Rockefeller is a German surname, originally given to people from the village of Rockenfeld near Neuwied in the Rhineland and commonly referring to subjects associated with the Rockefeller family. It may refer to: People with the name Rockefeller fa ...
,
Rothschild Rothschild () is a name derived from the German ''zum rothen Schild'' (with the old spelling "th"), meaning "with the red sign", in reference to the houses where these family members lived or had lived. At the time, houses were designated by signs ...
, and Morgan families, which stabilises the global economy and appoints world leaders. He also stated that the main opponents of this cabal are Russia and China, and asserted that former President Yushchenko is a puppet of the United States Department of State, which, according to Moroz, is itself controlled by this cabal.


Bibliography

Moroz is fond of poetry and chess. He has written the following books: * * * * * * * * * Recognized by international literature award named after
Hryhori Skovoroda Hryhorii Skovoroda, also Gregory Skovoroda or Grigory Skovoroda ( la, Gregorius Scovoroda; uk, Григорій Савич Сковорода, ''Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda''; russian: Григо́рий Са́ввич Сковорода́, ...
. * * Poetry collection in Ukrainian language. * Poetry collection in
Russian language Russian (russian: русский язык, russkij jazyk, link=no, ) is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. It is the First language, native language of the Russians, and belongs to the Indo-European langua ...
. * .


Notes


References


External links


Socialist Party of Ukraine (website, in Ukrainian)

"Tovarysh", the official newspaper of the Socialist Party of Ukraine (website, Ukrainian and Russian versions)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Moroz, Oleksander 1944 births Living people People from Kyiv Oblast National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine alumni Ukrainian agriculturists Politicians of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Chairmen of the Verkhovna Rada Socialist Party of Ukraine politicians Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) politicians 20th-century Ukrainian politicians Candidates in the 1994 Ukrainian presidential election Candidates in the 1999 Ukrainian presidential election Candidates in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election Candidates in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election 21st-century Ukrainian politicians Candidates in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election