The Older Americans Act of 1965 (, ) was the first federal level initiative aimed at providing comprehensive services for older adults. It created the National Aging Network comprising the

Administration on Aging The Administration on Aging (AoA) is an agency within the Administration for Community Living of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. AoA works to ensure that older Americans can stay independent in their communities, mostly ...

on the federal level, State Units on Aging at the state level, and Area Agencies on Aging at the local level. The network provides funding—based primarily on the percentage of an area's population 60 and older—for nutrition and supportive home and community-based services, disease prevention/health promotion services,

elder rights Elder rights are the rights of older adults (usually those in the seventh decade of life or older, although this definition is disputed), who in various countries are not recognized as a constitutionally protected class, yet face discrimination ...

programs, the National Family Caregiver Support Program, and the Native American Caregiver Support Program. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on July 14, 1965. In 2016, Congress reauthorized the Act in its entirety, effective through FY 2019.Testimony in Senate Subcommittee hearing, May 2005.
/ref> In March 2020, the Act was reauthorized through 2024.

Overview

Lyndon Johnson signing Civil Rights Act, July 2, 1964

The OAA was passed as a part of

Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...

Great Society The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The term was first coined during a 1964 commencement address by President Lyndon B. Johnson at the Universit ...

reforms. It followed closely behind the

Civil Rights Act Civil Rights Act may refer to several acts of the United States Congress, including: * Civil Rights Act of 1866, extending the rights of emancipated slaves by stating that any person born in the United States regardless of race is an American citi ...

and the Economic Opportunity Act which included many similarly structured programs, based around a centralized network of funding for a decentralized (community level) service delivery system. The OAA was a response to Congressional concerns about the lack of community social services for

senior citizens Old age refers to ages nearing or surpassing the life expectancy of human beings, and is thus the end of the human life cycle. Terms and euphemisms for people at this age include old people, the elderly (worldwide usage), OAPs (British usage ...

. Funding for many Great Society programs as well as Johnson’s political capital, dwindled during the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

. Some programs and agencies were dismantled by later administrations, such as Nixon’s and Ford’s slow dissolution of the Office of Economic Opportunity. Other programs, such as those under the OAA, Medicare, Medicaid, and initiatives in the arts and humanities continue to survive. The stated purpose of the OAA is to ensure equal opportunity to the fair and free enjoyment of: adequate income in retirement; the best possible physical and mental health services without regard to economic status; suitable housing; restorative and long term care; opportunity for employment; retirement in health, honor, and dignity; civic, cultural, educational and recreational participation and contribution; efficient community services; immediate benefit from proven research knowledge; freedom, independence, and the exercise of self-determination; and protection against abuse neglect and exploitation.

Legislative process

Representative

John E. Fogarty John Edward Fogarty (March 23, 1913 – January 10, 1967) was a Congressman from Rhode Island for 26 years. He was a member of the Democratic Party. John Edward Fogarty was influential in passing numerous legislations and acts. For his service he ...

(D-RI) introduced legislation on January 27, 1965, as H.R. 3708. The bill moved through the House and was referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor in March 1965. It passed the House on March 31 on a 395 to 1 roll call vote. The bill established an

(AoA) within the

Department of Health, Education and Welfare The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is ...

(HEW). In the Senate, H.R.3708 was introduced by Lister Hill (D-AL). On June 16, the Senate passed H.R. 3708 by a roll call vote of 72 to 5. On July 6, 1965, the House agreed to the Senate’s version of H.R. 3708.

Structure

The act is divided into seven titles. *Title I is a declaration of objectives. *Title II establishes the

to carry out the provisions of the act. *Title III provides federal funding for state agencies on aging and establishes the nutrition program. The nutrition program provides nutritional services, such as congregate and home-delivered meals, and is the largest expenditure of the OAA. This title also mandates the creation of corresponding state agencies before states may be eligible for this funding. *Title IV creates a number of specific projects related to the objectives of the act. These include healthcare service in rural areas, computer training, civic engagement, and Native American programs. *Title V establishes a program for engaging low-income senior citizens in community service employment and volunteer opportunities. *Title VI establishes grants for certain Native American-focused programs on aging. *Title VII creates state grants for "vulnerable elder rights protection" programs.

Demographics

No one over age 60 can be denied services from OAA programs, except on the discretion of the state's State Unit on Aging which may impose more restrictive criteria.http://www. payingforseniorcare.com/longtermcare/resources/hawaii_kapuna_care.html In FY 2008 these initiatives provided services to nearly 3 million people, and for FY 2011 the federal appropriation for all programs is $1.9 billion. A disproportionate number of seniors receiving services (27%) are below the poverty line (compared to 9.7% of the general population over age 60). Recipients of services under OAA are more likely to be female (71% vs. 57% of persons over 60). African Americans are over represented among OAA recipients and all other minorities are under represented. Recipients are also almost twice as likely to be rural, more likely to live alone, and on average have less income, less education, and are less healthy than those persons in the general population aged 60 and over.

Programs created

* Administration on Aging (AoA) established under the Department of Health and Human Services as the federal level advocate for the aging population, and coordinator for service delivery to the elderly *National Eldercare Locator Service a toll free hotline for identifying community resources *Support Services to promote independence with regard to transportation, home care, legal aid, case management, and adult day care, *Nutrition Programs including congregate and home delivered meals *National Family Caregiver Support Program to provide respite services, education, training, and counseling to seniors providing kinship care, and to the caregivers of seniors *Health Promotion providing educational services, counseling and consultation *Aging and Disability Resource Centers to facilitate the dissemination of information on available resources *The Older American Community Service Employment Act (OAA Title V) which works with the Department of Labor to provide employment opportunities for seniors *Grants to Tribal Organizations *The Long-term Care Ombudsman Program *Elder Abuse, neglect, and exploitation public education services

Older Americans Act Nutrition Program

The Administration on Aging (AoA) provides funding for nutrition services, including home-delivered meals and congregate meals, to older adults throughout the United States as authorized by Title III-C of the Older Americans Act (OAA). The Older Americans Act Nutrition Program, also known as the Senior Nutrition Program, aims to reduce hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition; promote health and well-being; and promote socialization among older adult aged 60 and older who are in social and economic need. All meals served using OAA funds must meet the following nutrition quality standards: * Follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans * Provide at least one-third of the Dietary Reference Intakes * Adhere to state and local food safety guidelines * Appeal to older adults According to the 2021 National Survey of OAA Participants, 51% of participants live alone, 57% of participants are 75 years or older, and over 50% of participants report that one home-delivered or congregate meal provides 50% or more of their total daily food intake. In March 2022, AoA celebrated the Senior Nutrition Program's 50th anniversary. AoA also funds the National Resource Center on Nutrition and Aging, which supports OAA senior nutrition programs and stakeholders in providing high-quality services, addressing current and emerging issues, and identifying opportunities to enhance the program.

Amendments to 1965 Act

Chronological amendments and revisions to the Older Americans Act of 1965.

References

External links

Full text
of the act

Historical Evolution of Program for Older Americans

of House of Representatives committee hearings on the 2000 re-authorization of the act
State Unit on Aging/Area Agency on Aging Finder

Administration on Aging and Disabilities

National Association of States United on Aging
*
The Great Society Congress
{{Authority control United States elder law Ageism