Occitan conjugation

This article discusses the conjugation of verbs in a number of varieties of the Occitan language, including Old Occitan and Catalan. Each verbal form is accompanied by its phonetic transcription. The similarities with Catalan are more noticeable in the written forms than in pronunciation.

First group verbs (-ar verbs)

This is the group most Occitan verbs belong to. Examples include ''aimar'' ("to love"), ''esperar'' ("to wait" and "to hope"), ''manjar'' ("to eat") and ''pensar'' ("to think").

''Parlar'' ("to speak")

*''Note: Because the Languedocian dialect is often considered as a basis for standard Occitan, it is colored gold.''

''Portar'' ("to carry")

This verb is conjugated like ''parlar''; but in the first-person singular, second-person singular, third-person singular, and third-person plural present (both indicative and subjunctive) and second-person singular imperative tenses, its stems changed to ''pòrt-'' (''pòrti''). This change also happened on verbs such as ''cremar'' where the stems change to ''crèm-'' (''crèmi''). However, most of the online sources most likely only give the conjugations in the Languedocian dialect.

Second group verbs (-ir verbs)

This is the second regular group of verbs, and also the second largest. Examples include ''finir'' ("to finish"), ''partir'' ("to leave"), ''fugir'' ("to flee") and ''morir'' ("to die"). Even though the latter three normally give ''part'', ''fug'' and ''mòr'' at the third person singular of present indicative, in a number of parts of Occitania they will also be declined using the ''-iss-'' augment, thus giving ''partís'', ''fugís'' and ''morís''.

Verbs with one stem: ''sentir'' ("to feel")

*''Note: Because the Languedocian dialect is often considered as a basis for standard Occitan, the standard is colored gold.''

Verbs with two stems: ''bastir'' ("to build")

These verbs have a basic stem (''bast-'') and an extended stem (''bastiss-''), in which the augment ''-iss-'' derives from the Latin inchoative suffix ''-esc-''.

Third group verbs (-re verbs)

This is the third regular group of verbs in the Occitan language. The letter immediately before the -re ending is always a consonant. Examples include ''pèrdre'' ("to lose"), ''recebre'' ("to receive"), ''medre'' ("to harvest") and ''sègre'' ("to follow"). If the consonant is a b or a g, then the third person singular of present indicative will be spelt with a p or a c instead. Consequently, ''recebre'' and ''sègre'' will give ''recep'' and ''sèc'' while ''pèrdre'' and ''medre'' will become ''pèrd'' and ''med'', respectively.

''Batre'' ("to beat")

*''Note: Because the Languedocian dialect is often considered as a basis for standard Occitan, the standard is colored gold.''

Irregular verbs

''Èsser'' ("to be")

*''Note: Because the Languedocian dialect is often considered as a basis for standard Occitan, the standard is colored gold.''

''Aver'' ("to have")

''Anar'' ("to go")

''Far'' ("to do")

{, class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center;" , Aupenc , , Auvernhàs , , Gascon , , Lemosin , , style="background:#FFD700" , Lengadocian , , Provençau , , Old Occitan, , Catalan
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Infinitive
, -
, far aɾ, far a, har a, far a, far a, far a, far aɾ, fer
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Past Participle
, -
, fach abr>facha ˆfatʃɔ, fait ajbr>faita ˆfajtÉ”, hèit ˆhÉ›jtbr>hèita ˆhÉ›jtÉ”, fach abr>facha ˆfatsÉ”, fach atʃbr>facha ˆfatʃɔ, fach abr>facha ˆfatʃɔ, fach atʃbr>facha ˆfatʃa, fet
feta
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Present Participle
, -
, fasent aˈzent, fasent aˈzen, hant ant, fasent aˈzen, fasent aˈzent, fasent aˈzent, fazen aˈzen, fent
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Imperative
, -
, fai! ajbr>fasèm! aˈzɛnbr>fasètz! aˈzɛs, , fai! ajbr>fajam! adˈzanbr>fasetz! aˈze, , hè! ɛbr>hèm! ɛmbr>hètz! ɛts, , fai! ajbr>fajam! adˈzanbr>fasetz! aˈze, , fai! ajbr>fagam! aˈganbr>fasètz! aˈzɛts, , fai! ajbr>fasèm! aˈzɛnbr>fasètz! aˈzɛs, , fai! ajbr>fazem! aˈzembr>fatz! ats, , fes!
fem!
feu!
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Present indicative
, -
, -
, fau awbr>fas asbr>fa abr>fasèm aˈzÉ›nbr>fasètz aˈzÉ›tsbr>fan an, , fase ˆfazebr>fases ˆfazebr>fai ajbr>fasem aˈzenbr>fasetz aˈzesbr>fason ˆfazu, , hèi É›jbr>hès É›sbr>hè É›br>hèm É›mbr>hètz É›tsbr>hèn É›n, , fau awbr>fas abr>fai ajbr>fasem aˈzenbr>fasetz aˈzejbr>fan an, , fau awbr>fas asbr>fa abr>fasèm aˈzÉ›nbr>fasètz aˈzÉ›tsbr>fan an, , fau awbr>fas asbr>fai ajbr>fasèm aˈzÉ›nbr>fasètz aˈzÉ›tsbr>fan an, , fauc awkbr>fas asbr>fa abr>fam ambr>fatz atsbr>fan an, , faig
fas
fa
fem
feu
fan
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Imperfect indicative
, -
, -
, fasiáu aˈzjewbr>fasiás aˈzjesbr>fasiá aˈzjebr>fasiam aˈzjanbr>fasiatz aˈzjasbr>fasián aˈzjen, , fasiá aˈzjɔbr>fasiàs aˈzjabr>fasiá aˈzjɔbr>fasiam aˈzjanbr>fasiatz aˈzjasbr>fasián aˈzjɔ, , hasèvi aˈzɛwibr>hasèvas aˈzɛwɔsbr>hasèva aˈzɛwɔbr>hasèvam aˈzɛwambr>hasèvatz aˈzɛwatsbr>hasèvan aˈzɛwɔn, , fasiá aˈzjɔbr>fasiàs aˈzjabr>fasiá aˈzjɔbr>fasiam aˈzjanbr>fasiatz aˈzjabr>fasián aˈzjɔ, , fasiái aˈzjɔjbr>fasiás aˈzjɔsbr>fasiá aˈzjɔbr>fasiam aˈzjanbr>fasiatz aˈzjatsbr>fasián aˈzjɔn, , fasiáu aˈzjewbr>fasiás aˈzjesbr>fasiá aˈzjebr>fasiam aˈzjanbr>fasiatz aˈzjasbr>fasián aˈzjen, , fazia aˈziabr>fazias aˈziasbr>fazia aˈziabr>faziam aˈzjambr>faziatz aˈzjatsbr>fazian aˈzian, , feia
feies
feia
fèiem
fèieu
feien
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Preterite indicative
, -
, -
, faguèro aˈgɛɾubr>faguères aˈgɛɾesbr>faguèc aˈgÉ›kbr>fagueriam ageˈɾjanbr>fagueriatz ageˈɾiasbr>faguèron aˈgɛɾun, , faguere aˈgeɾebr>fagueres aˈgeɾebr>faguet aˈgetbr>faguem aˈgenbr>faguetz aˈgesbr>fagueron aˈgeɾu, , hasoi aˈzujbr>hasós aˈzusbr>hasó aˈzubr>hasom aˈzumbr>hasotz aˈzutsbr>hasón aˈzun, , faguei aˈgejbr>fagueras aˈgeɾabr>faguet aˈgebr>faguèram aˈgɛɾanbr>faguèratz aˈgɛɾabr>fagueran aˈgeɾɔ, , faguèri aˈgɛɾibr>faguères aˈgɛɾesbr>faguèt aˈgÉ›tbr>faguèrem aˈgɛɾenbr>faguèretz aˈgɛɾetsbr>faguèron aˈgɛɾun, , faguère aˈgɛɾebr>faguères aˈgɛɾesbr>faguèt aˈgÉ›tbr>fagueriam ageˈɾjanbr>fagueriatz ageˈɾiasbr>faguèron aˈgɛɾun, , fis isbr>fezist eˈzistbr>fetz etsbr>fezem eˈzembr>fezetz eˈzetsbr>feiron ˆfejɾun, , fiu
feres
féu
férem
féreu
feren
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Future indicative
, -
, -
, farai a'ɾajbr>farás a'ɾesbr>fará a'ɾebr>farem a'ɾenbr>faretz a'ɾesbr>farán a'ɾen, , farai a'ɾajbr>faràs a'ɾabr>farà a'ɾɔbr>farem a'ɾenbr>faretz a'ɾesbr>farán a'ɾɔ, , harèi a'ɾɛjbr>haràs a'ɾasbr>harà a'ɾabr>haram a'ɾambr>haratz a'ɾatsbr>haràn a'ɾan, , farai a'ɾajbr>faràs a'ɾabr>fará a'ɾɔbr>farem a'ɾenbr>faretz a'ɾebr>farán a'ɾɔ, , farai a'ɾajbr>faràs a'ɾasbr>farà a'ɾabr>farem a'ɾenbr>faretz a'ɾetsbr>faràn a'ɾan, , farai a'ɾajbr>faràs a'ɾasbr>farà a'ɾabr>farem a'ɾenbr>faretz a'ɾesbr>faràn a'ɾan, , farai a'ɾajbr>faràs a'ɾasbr>farà a'ɾabr>farem a'ɾembr>faretz a'ɾetsbr>faràn a'ɾan, , faré
faràs
farà
farem
fareu
faran
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Conditional
, -
, -
, fariáu aˈɾjewbr>fariás aˈɾjesbr>fariá aˈɾjebr>fariam aˈɾjanbr>fariatz aˈɾjasbr>farián aˈɾjen, , fariá aˈɾjɔbr>fariás aˈɾjɔbr>fariá aˈɾjɔbr>fariam aˈɾjanbr>fariatz aˈɾjasbr>farián aˈɾjɔ, , harí aˈɾibr>harés aˈɾesbr>haré aˈɾebr>harem aˈɾembr>haretz aˈɾetsbr>harén aˈɾen, , fariá aˈɾjɔbr>fariàs aˈɾjabr>fariá aˈɾjɔbr>fariam aˈɾjanbr>fariatz aˈɾjabr>farián aˈɾjɔ, , fariái aˈɾjɔjbr>fariás aˈɾjɔsbr>fariá aˈɾjɔbr>fariam aˈɾjanbr>fariatz aˈɾjatsbr>farián aˈɾjɔn, , fariáu aˈɾjewbr>fariás aˈɾjesbr>fariá aˈɾjebr>fariam aˈɾjanbr>fariatz aˈɾjasbr>farián aˈɾjen, , faria aˈɾiabr>farias aˈɾiasbr>faria aˈɾiabr>fariam aˈɾjambr>fariatz aˈɾjatsbr>farian aˈɾian, , faria
faries
faria
fariem
farieu
farien
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Present subjunctive
, -
, -
, fàcio ˆfasjubr>fàcias ˆfasisbr>fàcia ˆfasibr>faciam aˈsjanbr>faciatz aˈsjasbr>fàcian ˆfasin, , fage ˆfadzebr>fages ˆfadzebr>fage ˆfadzebr>faguessiam ageˈsjanbr>faguessiatz ageˈsjasbr>fajon ˆfadzu, , haci ˆhasibr>hàcias ˆhasjÉ”sbr>hàcia ˆhasjÉ”br>haciam aˈsjambr>haciatz aˈsjatsbr>hàcian ˆhasjÉ”n, , fasa ˆfazÉ”br>fasas ˆfazabr>fasa ˆfazÉ”br>fasam aˈzanbr>fasatz aˈzabr>fasan ˆfazÉ”, , faga ˆfaɣɔbr>fagas ˆfaɣɔsbr>faga ˆfaɣɔbr>fagam aˈɣanbr>fagatz aˈɣatsbr>fagan ˆfaɣɔn, , fague ˆfagebr>fagues ˆfagesbr>fague ˆfagebr>faguem aˈgenbr>faguetz aˈgesbr>fagan ˆfagÉ”n, , fassa ˆfasabr>fassas ˆfasasbr>fassa ˆfasabr>fassam aˈsambr>fassatz aˈsatsbr>fassan ˆfasan, , faci
facis
faci
fem
feu
facin
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Past subjunctive
, -
, -
, faguèssio aˈgÉ›sjubr>faguèssias aˈgÉ›sisbr>faguèssia aˈgÉ›sibr>faguessiam ageˈsjanbr>faguessiatz ageˈsjasbr>faguèssian aˈgÉ›sin, , faguesse aˈgesebr>faguesses aˈgesebr>faguesse aˈgesebr>faguessiam ageˈsjanbr>faguessiatz ageˈsjasbr>faguesson aˈgesu, , hasossi aˈzusibr>hasosses aˈzusesbr>hasosse aˈzusebr>hasóssem aˈzusembr>hasóssetz aˈzusetsbr>hasossen aˈzusen, , faguèsse aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèsses aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèsse aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèssem aˈgÉ›senbr>faguèssetz aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèssen aˈgÉ›se, , faguèssi aˈgÉ›sibr>faguèsses aˈgÉ›sesbr>faguèsse aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèssem aˈgÉ›senbr>faguèssetz aˈgÉ›setsbr>faguèsson aˈgÉ›sun, , faguèsse aˈgÉ›sebr>faguèsses aˈgÉ›sesbr>faguèsse aˈgÉ›sebr>faguessiam ageˈsjanbr>faguessiatz ageˈsjasbr>faguèsson aˈgÉ›sun, , fezés eˈzesbr>fezesses eˈzesesbr>fezés eˈzesbr>fezessem ezeˈsembr>fezessetz ezeˈsetsbr>fesson ˆfesun, , fes
fessis
fes
féssim
féssiu
fessin
, -
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center;" , Future perfect
, -
, -
,
, ,
, , hasori aˈzuɾibr>hasores aˈzuɾesbr>hasore aˈzuɾebr>hasórem aˈzuɾembr>hasóretz aˈzuɾetsbr>hasoren aˈzuɾen, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,

See also

*Occitan phonology
*Romance verbs
* Catalan conjugation

Literature

*Frederic Mistral: ''Lou Tresor dóu Felibrige''
* François Juste Marie Raynouard: ''Grammaire romane, ou Grammaire de la langue des troubadours''
*Camille Chabaneau: ''Grammaire limousine: phonétique, parties du discours'', 1876
*F. Guessard: ''Grammaires provençales de Hugues Faidit et de Raymond Vidal de Besaudun (XIIIe siècle)'', 1858
*Carl Appel: ''Provenzalische Chrestomathie, mit Abriss der Formenlehre und Glossar'', 1902
*C. H. Grandgent: ''An outline of the phonology and morphology of old Provençal'', 1905

External links

*http://occitanet.free.fr/ling/conjocreg.htm
*http://monoccitania.50webs.com/conjugasons.html

Occitan language
Indo-European verbs