UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-building company located in

Nizhny Tagil Nizhny Tagil ( rus, Нижний Тагил, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population: History The prehistory of Nizhny Tagil dates back to the mid- ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world. The name ''Уралвагонзавод'' means ''Ural Railroad Car (wagon) Factory''.

History

The plant was built during 1931–1936 (mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan), launched on October 11, 1936, and named after Felix Dzerzhinsky. Initially it manufactured

freight car A railroad car, railcar (American and Canadian English), railway wagon, railway carriage, railway truck, railwagon, railcarriage or railtruck (British English and UIC), also called a train car, train wagon, train carriage or train truck, is a ...

s. After the German invasion of 1941,

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ...

ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. The KhPZ Factory No. 183 in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

it became the largest producer of

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...

s in the world, including the T-34. For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards over 1941–1945, including the

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...

(1942), Order of the Red Banner (1943),

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration ...

(1944), Order of the Patriotic War (1945). After the war, tank production was scaled down, and part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of the

Vostok Vostok refers to east in Russian but may also refer to: Spaceflight * Vostok programme, Soviet human spaceflight project * Vostok (spacecraft), a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union * Vostok (rocket family), family of rockets derived from ...

, Voskhod, Proton and Energia expendable rockets. It is the location of the Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) where the

T-54A The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tanks ...

and

T-55 The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tank ...

(development of Morozov's T-54),

T-62 The T-62 is a Soviet main battle tank that was first introduced in 1961. As a further development of the T-55 series, the T-62 retained many similar design elements of its predecessor including low profile and thick turret armour. In contras ...

, T-72, and T-90 tanks have been designed, and was working on one possibility for a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called the T-95, until this project was cancelled in May 2010. It also manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, the

T-14 Armata The T-14 Armata ( rus, Т-14 «Армата»; industrial designation russian: Объект 148, Ob'yekt 148, Object 148), is a next-generation Russian main battle tank based on the Armata Universal Combat Platform. The Russian Army initially ...

. On July 16, 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions through the

US Department of Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...

's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to the

Specially Designated Nationals List The Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, also known as the SDN List, is a United States government sanctions/embargo measure targeting U.S.-designated terrorists, officials and beneficiaries of certain authoritarian regimes, a ...

(SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and the Russian interference in Ukraine. As of December 27, 2016, UVZ has been transferred to Rostec, following a presidential decree.

Operations

The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as the RT-M-160, metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods. Production of T-90 main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of the company's overall production. In 2008, Uralvagozavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for the

Russian Ministry of Defense The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the govern ...

and 60 T-90Ss for

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. Moreover, according to

Moscow Defense Brief ''Moscow Defense Brief'' is an English-language defense magazine published by Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST), an independent defense think-tank in Moscow, Russia.

, it would appear that in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all the other countries of the world taken together. Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008. In 2011, the company's revenue was $3 billion, and net profit was $0.33 billion.

Subsidiaries

Structure of the holding: * UralTransMash, Ekaterinburg * Plant №9, Ekaterinburg * Kamensk-Uralsky Foundry, Kamensk-Uralsky *

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (russian: Челябинский тракторный завод, Chelyabinskiy traktornyy zavod, abbreviated , ) also known as CTZ-Uraltrak (''ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК'') is a tractor construction plant in the Russian ...

-URALTRAK, Chelyabinsk * NPO Electromashina, Chelyabinsk * Uralkriomash, Nizhny Tagil * VNIITransmash, St. Petersburg * Burevestnik Central Scientific Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod * Central Research Institute of Materials, St. Petersburg * Research Institute of Engines, Moscow * Tomsk Electrotechnical Plant, Tomsk * Tver Wagon Works, Tver * Ural Scientific Research Technological Institute, Ekaterinburg * Scientific and Production Company for the Introduction of Scientific and Engineering and Technical Innovations, Leningrad Oblast * Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, Nizhny Tagil * Omsktransmash, Omsk * Spetsmash, St. Petersburg * Murom Special Design Bureau, Murom * UBT-Uralvagonzavod, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Logistic, Moscow * Machine Building Company Vityaz, Ishimbay * UralVagonZavod-Trans, Moscow *

Yurga Machine-Building Plant Yurga Machine-Building Plant (russian: Юргинский машиностроительный завод) is a company based in Yurga, Russia. Since 2015 it is part of Uralvagonzavod. Yurga Machine-Building Plant produces missile launchers for Ru ...

, Yurga * North-West Scientific and Technological Complex, St. Petersburg * UVZ-Media Service, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Energo, Nizhny Tagil * UBT-Ecology, Nizhny Tagil * Ural Design Bureau of Carriage Building, Nizhny Tagil * 560 Armored Repair Plant, Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast * 144 Armored Repair Plant, Ekaterinburg * 103 Armored Repair Plant, Transbaikal Krai * 163 Armored Repair Plant, Krasnodar Krai * 81 Armored Repair Plant, Krasnodar Krai * 192 Central Plant of Railway Engineering, Bryansk * 61 Armored Repair Plant, St. Petersburg * 41 Central Plant of Railway Engineering, Moscow Oblast * JSC Central Research Institute Petrel

References

Literature

* * * *

External links

* * {{Authority control Defence companies of Russia Defence companies of the Soviet Union Military vehicle manufacturers Manufacturing companies established in 1936 1936 establishments in the Soviet Union Companies based in Sverdlovsk Oblast Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange Nizhny Tagil Rostec Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union) Russian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions