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Onyame, Nyankopon (Onyankapon) and Odomankoma are the trinity of the supreme god of the
Akan people The Akan () people live primarily in present-day Ghana and Ivory Coast in West Africa. The Akan language (also known as ''Twi/Fante'') are a group of dialects within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Con ...
of
Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Tog ...
, who is most commonly known as Nyame. His name means "He who knows and sees everything" and " omniscient,
omnipotent Omnipotence is the quality of having unlimited power. Monotheistic religions generally attribute omnipotence only to the deity of their faith. In the monotheistic religious philosophy of Abrahamic religions, omnipotence is often listed as one ...
sky deity" in the
Akan language Akan () is a Central Tano language and the principal native language of the Akan people of Ghana, spoken over much of the southern half of Ghana. About 80% of Ghana's population can speak Akan, and about 44% of Ghanaians are native speakers. ...
.


Names


Odomankoma

The name Odomankoma means "Creator". Odomankoma is known by the name Odomankoma wuo, which has a double meaning. In one vein, it means "Father Death". On the other it means "The Creator's death". Both of these meanings are a reference to Odomankoma being the creator of Death, whose name is
Owuo Owuo is the god of Death in the Asante and Akan mythology of West Ghana and the Krachi peoples of East Ghana and Togo. He is represented with the Adinkra symbol of a ladder. It is said that he was created by Odomankoma (could also be spelt Od ...
, and Death in return killed him. Odomankoma also goes by various other epithets: Oboade meaning Creator (an additional name of Creator), Oboo nkwa meaning the Creator of life and Oboo-wuo meaning the Creator of death, another name that is a call-back to Odomankoma creating Owuo (Death). Odomankoma also has the name Borebore, meaning Architect, and Ananse Kokuroko, meaning the great designer or, literally, the great spider. This last name not only shows that Odomankoma possesses godly level of wisdom as in the Akom belief, it is believed that the wisdom of the spider is greater than that of all the world, but also shows his connection to Ananse, who is a spider and additionally might be directly Odomankoma's son


Description

Nyame, Nyankapon and Odomankoma are 3 aspects of the trinity that make up the Supreme God in the Akom religion. They are, however, one God Odomankoma: Odomankoma is the creative aspect of Nyame, the spirit of the Universe and is one of the most dynamic and complex modalities of Nyame, the Supreme Being. Odomankoma is consistently cast in the role of creator. This creative function of Odomankoma is embodied in several maxims. One saying of the Akan surrounding Odomankoma is "Odomankoma boo ade", meaning Odomankoma created the "Thing" (the universe). Odomankoma created not only the "Thing," i.e., the universe. He also created life and created death as well. In a mysterious manner Odomankoma himself succumbed to death. This juxtaposition of life with death in Odomankoma is expressed by the most enigmatic and unutterable of all Akan maxims: "Odomankoma boo owuo na owuo kum no", which means Odomankoma created death (Owuo) and death killed him. Odomankoma accommodates the contraries of life and death within his being. As the creator of both life and death, he transcends both experiences. The story of Odomankoma does not end with Owuo killing him as after his death, it is said that life came to him and woke him up. From here he reived as Kra, and lives through Nyankapon, becoming Nyankapon's Kra (soul), as stated in the Akan maxim "Onyankapon onye Odomankoma sunsum" which literally means Nyankapon is Odomankoma's personality, symbolising that Nyankapon is Odomankoma's successor (as Odomankoma used to be the aspect of the Nyame trinity that controlled everything until Owuo killed him). Odomankoma is also quite powerful and smart as after his "revival", Nyankapon/Odomankoma had a great struggle with Owuo in which they defeats Owuo with a resistance to Owuo's venom, kra (whom was now Odomankoma). Odomankoma then managed to achieve a total triumph over Death, as stated in the maxim "Odomankoma na orna owuo di akane", which means it was none but Odomankoma who made Death eat poison. In this second meeting between Odomankoma and his final creation, Owuo, Odomankoma unleashes his creative might upon Owuo as, after having been vanquished, death is made to eat his own poison. However, despite defeating Owuo, Owuo is still very much alive and still causes death to mortals. Odomankoma is also represented by two animals: vultures and spiders


Symbol

Nyame is the Twi word for god, and the Adinkra symbol "Gye Nyame" means "Nothing but God". The Akan people usurped the Adinkra symbols when their chieftain imprisoned Nana Adinkra, chief of Gyaman and his entourage. The Akan chief had his scribes copy the Adinkra symbols and then appropriated them into their culture, changing the meaning to "there is nothing except God" in the Twi language of the Akan. The symbol has adopted a different use and meaning in today's Akan culture due to the influence of
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global popula ...
.


See also

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Akan religion Akan religion comprises the traditional beliefs and religious practices of the Akan people of Ghana and eastern Ivory Coast. Akan religion is referred to as Akom (from the Twi word ''akom'', meaning "prophecy"). Although most Akan people have i ...


References

{{Authority control Akan African gods Sky and weather gods Legendary progenitors Names of God in African traditional religions