''La Nouvelle Revue Française'' (; "The New French Review") is a literary magazine based in France. In France, it is often referred to as the ''NRF''.
History and profile
The magazine was founded in 1909 by a group of intellectuals including
André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism ...
, Jacques Copeau, and Jean Schlumberger. It was established 'in opposition to other, more established, cultural institutions, most notably the Académie Française and its associated networks'.:4
In 1911, Gaston Gallimard became editor of the ''Revue'', which led to the founding of the publishing house,
Éditions Gallimard
Éditions Gallimard (), formerly Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Française (1911–1919) and Librairie Gallimard (1919–1961), is one of the leading French book publishers. In 2003 it and its subsidiaries published 1,418 titles.
Founded by Ga ...
. During
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
its publication stopped. The magazine was relaunched in 1919.
Established writers such as
Paul Bourget
Paul Charles Joseph Bourget (; 2 September 185225 December 1935) was a French poet, novelist and critic. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times.
Life
Paul Bourget was born in Amiens in the Somme ''département'' of Picar ...
and
Anatole France
(; born , ; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie França ...
contributed to the magazine from its early days. The magazine's influence grew until, during the interwar period, it became the leading literary journal, occupying a unique role in French culture. The first published works by
André Malraux
Georges André Malraux ( , ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and Minister of Culture (France), minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Go ...
and
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (, ; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism (and phenomenology), a French playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and lit ...
were in the pages of the ''Revue''.
During the occupation in the second world war Gide and Général
de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Governm ...
gave explicit blessing to ''L'Arche'' ( :fr:L'Arche (revue littéraire)), a literary review created by Jean Amrouche and edited by Edmond Charlot.JAFFEUX, V. 2016.''L'Arche au milieu de la tempête. Naissance d'une revue algéroise dans la tourmente de la seconde guerre mondiale. In: DUGAS, G. (ed.) Edmond Charlot: passeur de culture: Actes du colloque Montpellier-Pézenas. Centenaire Edmond Charlot 2015. Pézenas: Domens. It became effectively the replacement of the NRF in Free France (Algeria was the first part of France to be liberated). ''L'Arche'' commenced in 1944 (issues 1–6) and finished in 1947 (issues 23–27). Montreal, Tangiers and Algiers in this period became literary francophone centres replacing Paris. After liberation of the whole of France, NRF was banned for
collaborationism
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime, and in the words of historian Gerhard Hirschfeld, "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory".
The term ''collaborator'' dates to ...
, but reopened in 1953 (initially with a "new" title: ''La Nouvelle Nouvelle Revue Française'').
The ''Revue'' was a monthly for many years, but became a quarterly.
Directors
*1908–1914:
André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (in 1947). Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism ...
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Pierre Eugène Drieu La Rochelle (; 3 January 1893 – 15 March 1945) was a French writer of novels, short stories and political essays. He was born, lived and died in Paris. Drieu La Rochelle became a proponent of French fascism in the 1930s, ...
** Banned for
collaborationism
Wartime collaboration is cooperation with the enemy against one's country of citizenship in wartime, and in the words of historian Gerhard Hirschfeld, "is as old as war and the occupation of foreign territory".
The term ''collaborator'' dates to ...
Georges Lambrichs
Georges Lambrichs (5 July 1917 – 9 February 1992) was a French writer, literary critic and editor.
Life
Labrichts was born in Brussels. After studying philosophy, he met Jean Paulhan in 1937 of whom he became a "companion of intellectual resi ...
*1987–1996:
Jacques Réda
Jacques Réda (born 24 January 1929 in Lunéville) is a French poet, jazz critic, and ''flâneur''. He was awarded the Prix Valery Larbaud in 1983, and was chief editor of the ''Nouvelle Revue Française'' from 1987 to 1996.
Works
*''Amen'' (196 ...
Antoine Gallimard
Antoine Gallimard (born 19 April 1947 in Paris) in ''
Collection Blanche
The Collection Blanche is the great collection of French literature published by the Éditions Gallimard.
It appeared in 1911, and at the beginning was nourished by the publications of ''La Nouvelle Revue française'' (''La NRF''), the brand "L ...
* List of literary magazines
* Mauthner, Martin, ''Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes - French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945''. Sussex Academic Press, 2016, ()
References
Anna-Louise Milne Anna-Louise Milne is a specialist of twentieth century Parisian history and culture. In particular she has been a leading commentator on the writer Jean Paulhan and the Nouvelle Revue Française, an important literary review of the 1930s and 1940s. ...
, ''The Extreme In-Between: Jean Paulhan's Place in the Twentieth Century'' (Oxford: Legenda, 2006)