"Northern Wars" is a term used for a series of wars fought in northern and northeastern

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

from the 16th to the 18th century. An internationally agreed-on nomenclature for these wars has not yet been devised. While the Great Northern War is generally considered to be the last of the Northern Wars, there are different scholarly opinions on which war constitutes the First Northern War.Frost (2000), p. 13 Depending upon what date is chosen for the starting point, the Northern Wars comprise: *The

Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) The Russo-Swedish War of 1554–1557, considered a prelude to the Livonian War of 1558–1583, arose out of border skirmishes. It ended when the parties agreed on a truce in the Treaty of Novgorod (1557). Prelude Relations between Sweden and Ru ...

, "First Northern War" according to

Arvo Viljanti Arvo Kunto Viljanti (until 1935 named ''Viklund'', 24 August 1900 in Pargas – 6 July 1974) was a Finnish Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic ...

*The

Livonian War The Livonian War (1558–1583) was the Russian invasion of Old Livonia, and the prolonged series of military conflicts that followed, in which Tsar Ivan the Terrible of Russia (Muscovy) unsuccessfully fought for control of the region (pr ...

(1558–1583), "First Northern War" according to Klaus Zernack **The

Northern Seven Years' War The Northern Seven Years' War (also known as the ''Nordic Seven Years' War'', the ''First Northern War'' or the ''Seven Years War in Scandinavia'') was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden (1523–1611), Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denm ...

(1563–1570), "First Northern War" according to some Polish historians *The

Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595) The Russo-Swedish War of 1590–1595 was instigated by Boris Godunov in the hope of gaining the territory of the Duchy of Estonia along the Gulf of Finland belonging to Sweden since the previous Livonian War. As soon as the Truce of Plussa expi ...

*The Russo-Polish or Thirteen Years' War (1654–1667), "First Northern War" according to some Russian historians *The Second Northern War (1655–1660), "First Northern War" according to traditional Anglo-Saxon, German, Russian and Scandinavian historiography, in Poland known as

Swedish Deluge The Deluge ( pl, potop szwedzki, lt, švedų tvanas) was a series of mid-17th-century military campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In a wider sense it applies to the period between the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and the Truce ...

*The Scanian War (1674–1679), also called "Swedish-Brandenburgian War" by German historians *The Great Northern War (1700–1721), also "Third Northern War" or "Second Northern War"

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