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Image:The 60-series NORBIT 2 family 02.jpg, Top view
Image:The 60-series NORBIT 2 family 01.jpg, Bottom view
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contains a photo of the book -->
*
In electronics, the NORBIT family of modules is a very early form (since 1960) of 
Sigmatronic, ACEC digital logic
A logic gate is an idealized or physical device implementing a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate ...
developed by Philips
Koninklijke Philips N.V. (), commonly shortened to Philips, is a Dutch multinational conglomerate corporation that was founded in Eindhoven in 1891. Since 1997, it has been mostly headquartered in Amsterdam, though the Benelux headquarters i ...
(and also provided through and Mullard
Mullard Limited was a British manufacturer of electronic components. The Mullard Radio Valve Co. Ltd. of Southfields, London, was founded in 1920 by Captain Stanley R. Mullard, who had previously designed thermionic valves for the Admir ...
) that uses modules containing discrete components to build logic function blocks in resistor–transistor logic Resistor–transistor logic (RTL) (sometimes also transistor–resistor logic (TRL)) is a class of digital circuits built using resistors as the input network and bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) as switching devices. RTL is the earliest class ...
(RTL) or diode–transistor logic
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating function (e.g., AND) is performed by a diode network and the amplifying function ...
(DTL) technology.
Overview
The system was originally conceived as building blocks forsolid-state
Solid state, or solid matter, is one of the four fundamental states of matter.
Solid state may also refer to:
Electronics
* Solid-state electronics, circuits built of solid materials
* Solid state ionics, study of ionic conductors and their use ...
hard-wired programmed logic controllers (the predecessors of programmable logic controllers (PLC)) to replace electro-mechanical relay logic
Relay logic is a method of implementing combinational logic in electrical control circuits by using several electrical relays wired in a particular configuration.
Ladder logic
The schematic diagrams for relay logic circuits are often calle ...
in industrial control system
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and in ...
s for process control and automation
Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, namely by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines ...
applications, similar to early Telefunken
Telefunken was a German radio and television apparatus company, founded in Berlin in 1903, as a joint venture of Siemens & Halske and the ''Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft'' (AEG) ('General electricity company').
The name "Telefunken" ap ...
/ AEG Logistat, Siemens Simatic
SIMATIC is a series of programmable logic controller and automation systems, developed by Siemens. Introduced in 1958, the series has gone through four major generations, the latest being the ''SIMATIC S7'' generation. The series is intended for ...
, BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...Logacec
SA Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi (abbrev. ACEC) was a Belgian manufacturer of electrical generation, transmission, transport, lighting and industrial equipment, with origins dating to the late 19th century as a successor to th ...
or Estacord systems.
Each available logical function was recognizable by the color of its plastic container, black, blue, red, green, violet, etc. The most important circuit block contained a NOR gate (hence the name), but there were also blocks containing drivers, and a timer circuit similar to the later 555 timer IC
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and Electronic oscillator, oscillator applications. Derivatives provide two (#556 dual timer, 556) or four (#558 quad timer, 558) timing circui ...
.
The original ''Norbit'' modules of the YL 6000 series introduced in 1960 had potted Potting may refer to:
* Potting, in pottery, the making of pots, generally on the potter's wheel
* Potting (electronics), the encapsulation of electronic components
* In farming and gardening, potting is planting a plant in a pot, such as a flowe ...
single in-line package
In microelectronics, a dual in-line package (DIP or DIL), is an electronic component package with a rectangular housing and two parallel rows of electrical connecting pins. The package may be through-hole mounted to a printed circuit board (P ...
s with up to ten long flying leads arranged in two groups of up to five leads in a row. These modules were specified for frequencies of less than 1 kHz at ±24 V supply.
Also available in 1960 were so called ''Combi-Element'' modules in single-in line packages with ten evenly spaced stiff leads in a row (5.08 mm / 0.2-inch pitch) for mounting on a PCB. They were grouped in the 1-series (aka "100 kHz series") with ±6 V supply. The newer 10-series and 20-series had similarly sized packages, but came with an additional parallel row of nine staggered leads for a total of 19 leads. The 10-series uses germanium alloy transistor
The germanium alloy-junction transistor, or alloy transistor, was an early type of bipolar junction transistor, developed at General Electric and RCA in 1951 as an improvement over the earlier grown-junction transistor.
The usual construction of ...
s, whereas in the 20-series silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic ta ...
planar transistor
A diffused junction transistor is a transistor formed by diffusing dopants into a semiconductor substrate. The diffusion process was developed later than the alloy junction and grown junction processes for making bipolar junction transistors (B ...
s are used for a higher cut-off frequency of up to 1 MHz (vs. 30 kHz) and a higher allowed temperature range of +85 °C (vs. +55 °C).
In 1967, the Philips/Mullard NORBIT 2 aka Valvo NORBIT-S family of modules was introduced, first consisting of the 60-series for frequencies up to 10 kHz at a single supply voltage of 24 V, only. Later, the 61-series, containing thyristor
A thyristor () is a solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating P- and N-type materials used for high-power applications. It acts exclusively as a bistable switch (or a latch), conducting when the gate receives a current ...
trigger and control modules, was added. A 90-series became available in the mid-1970s as well. There were three basic types contained in a large (one by two inch-sized) 17 pins dual in-line package, with nine pins spaced 5.08 mm (0.2-inch) on one side and eight staggered pins on the other side.
Modules
Original Norbit family
;YL 6000 series: * YL6000 - NOR gate (red) ("NOR") * YL6001 -Emitter follower
In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.
In this circuit the base terminal ...
(yellow) ("EF")
* YL6004 - High power output (Double-sized module) ("HP")
* YL6005, YL6005/00 - Counter unit (triple binary) ("3C") (violet)
* YL6005/05 - Single divide by 2 counter (violet) ("1C")
* YL6006 - Timer (brown) ("TU")
* YL6007 - Chassis ("CU")
* YL6008 - Medium power output (orange) ("MP")
* YL6009 - Low power output (white) ("LP")
* YL6010 - Photo-electric detector head ("PD")
* YL6011 - Photo-electric lamp head ("PL")
* YL6012 - Twin 2-input NOR gate (black) ("2.2 NOR")
;YL 6100 series:
* YL6101 - Rectifier unit
* YL6102 - Rectifier unit
* YL6103/00 - Regel-Einheit
* YL6103/01 - Regel-Einheit
* YL6104 - Längsglied für Regel-Einheit
* YL6105 - Regel-Einheit
;Relay series:
* 88930/30 - Eingangs-/Ausgangseinheit
* 88930/33 - Vorwahl-Zähleinheit
* 88930/36 - Zweifach-Programm-Einheit
* 88930/37 - Vierfach-Programm-Einheit
* 88930/39 - Ausgangs-Einheit
* 88930/42 - Leer-Einheit
* 88930/48 - Impulsformer-Einheit
* 88930/51 - Programm-Vorbereitungs-Einheit
* 88930/54 - Rückstell-Einheit
* 88930/57 - Relais-Verstärker-Einheit
* 88930/60 - Relaisblock-Einheit
* 88930/64 - Speise-Einheit
Combi-Element family
;1-serie / B890000 series: * B893000, B164903 - Twin 3-input AND gates (orange) ("2.3A1", "2x3N1") * B893001, B164904 - Twin 2-input AND gates (orange) ("2.2A1", "2x2N1") * B893002, 2P72729 - Twin 3-input OR gates (orange) ("2.3O1", "23O1", "2x3P1") * B893003, 2P72730 - Twin 2-input OR gates (orange) ("2.2O1", "22O1", "2x2P1") * B894002, B164910 - Twin inverter amplifier (yellow) ("2IA1", "2.IA1", "2xIA1") * B894005, 2P72728 - Twin inverter amplifier (yellow) ("2IA2", "2xIA2") * B894001, B164909 - Twin emitter follower (yellow) ("2EF1", 2xEF1") * B894003, 2P72727 - Twin emitter follower (yellow) ("2EF2", "2xEF2") * B894000, B164907 - Emitter follower/inverter amplifier (yellow) ("EF1/IA1") * B895000, B164901 - Pulse shaper (Schmitt trigger
In electronics, a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input ...
+ amplifier) (green) ("PS1")
* B895001, B164908 - One-shot multivibrator ("OS1")
* B895003 - One-shot multivibrator ("OS2")
* B892000, B164902 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF1")
* B892001, 2P72707 - Shift-register Flip-flop (red) ("FF2")
* B892002 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF3")
* B892003 - Flip-flop (red) ("FF4")
* B893004, 2P72726 - Pulse logic (orange) ("PL1", "2xPL1")
* B893007 - Pulse logic (orange) ("2xPL2")
* B885000, B164911 - Decade counter ("DC1")
* B890000 - Power amplifier ("PA1")
* B896000 - Twin selector switch for core memories ("2SS1")
* B893005 - Selection gate for core memories ("SG1")
* 2P72732 - Pulse generator for core memories ("PG1")
* 2P72731 - Read amplifier for core memories ("RA1")
;10-series:
* 2P73701 - Flip-flop ("FF10")
* 2P73702 - Flip-flop ("FF11")
* 2P73703 - Flip-flop / Bistable multivibrator with built-in trigger gates and set-reset inputs (black) ("FF12")
* Dual trigger gate ("2.TG13")
* Dual trigger gate ("2.TG14")
* Quadruple trigger gate ("4.TG15")
* Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI10")
* Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI11")
* Dual positive gate inverter amplifier ("2.GI12")
* Gate amplifier ("GA11")
* One-shot multivibrator ("OS11")
* Timer unit ("TU10")
* Pulse driver ("PD11")
* Relay driver ("RD10")
* Relay driver ("RD11")
* Power amplifier ("PA10")
* Pulse shaper ("PS10")
* Numerical indicator tube driver ("ID10")
;20-series:
* 2P73710 - ("2.GI12", "2GI12")
Norbit 2 / Norbit-S family
; 60-series: * 2NOR60, 2.NOR60 - Twin NOR (black) * 4NOR60, 4.NOR60 - Quadruple NOR (black) * 2.IA60, 2IA60 - Twin inverter amplifier for low power output (blue) * LPA60 - Twin low power output * 2.LPA60, 2LPA60 - Twin low power output (blue) * PA60 - Medium power output (blue) * HPA60 - High power output (black) * 2.SF60, 2SF60 - Twin input switch filter (green) * TU60 - Timer (red) * FF60 - Flip-flop * GLD60 - Grounded load driver (black) ; 61-series: * TT61 - Trigger transformer * UPA61 - Universal power amplifier * RSA61 - Rectifier and synchroniser * DOA61 - Differential operational amplifier * 2NOR61, 2.NOR61 - Twin NOR ; 90-series: * PS90 - Pulse shaper (green) * FF90 - Flip-flop (red) * 2TG90, 2.TG90 - Twin trigger gate (red) ; Accessories: * PSU61 - Power supply * PCB60 - Printed wiring board * MC60 - Mounting chassis * UMC60 - Universal mounting chassis * MB60 - Mounting barPhoto gallery
See also
*Logic family
In computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts:
* A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compati ...
* fischertechnik
Fischertechnik is a brand of construction toy. It was invented by Artur Fischer and is produced by fischertechnik GmbH in Waldachtal, Germany. Fans often refer to Fischertechnik as "FT" or "ft".
It is used in education for teaching about sim ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* (43 pages) (NB. Also part of the Valvo-Handbuch 1962 pages 83–125.) * (253 pages) (NB. Contains a chapter about Norbit modules as well.) * (25 pages) *contains a photo of the book -->
*
External links
* {{cite web , title=Picture of four NORBIT 2 modules , author-first=Åke , author-last=Holm , url=http://www.sm5cbw.se/tubes/jpgs/norbits.jpg , access-date=2018-06-19 , url-status=dead , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619221854/http://www.sm5cbw.se/tubes/jpgs/norbits.jpg , archive-date=2018-06-19 Logic families Digital electronics Solid state engineering Industrial automation Control engineering