No Jacket Required

''No Jacket Required'' is the third solo studio album by English drummer and singer-songwriter Phil Collins. It was originally released on 25 January 1985 or 18 February 1985 on Virgin (UK and Ireland), Atlantic (US and Canada) and WEA (rest of the world). It features guest backing vocalists, including Helen Terry, Peter Gabriel (Collins's former Genesis bandmate) and Sting. Some of the songs, like " Don't Lose My Number" and "Sussudio", were based around improvisation. Other songs, like "Long Long Way to Go", had a political message. " One More Night", "Sussudio", "Don't Lose My Number" and " Take Me Home" were released as singles, with corresponding music videos. All four singles were top-ten hits on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart, with "Sussudio" and "One More Night" reaching number one. The three singles that were released in the UK all reached the top 20 on the UK charts. Many of the songs, including "Take Me Home" and "Long Long Way to Go", have been featured in episodes of ''Miami Vice'' and ''Cold Case'', and " The Man with the Horn" was re-written and re-recorded for the episode "Phil the Shill". "We Said Hello Goodbye" was remixed for the film '' Playing for Keeps''.

Upon its release, the album was received favourably by the majority of music critics and won three Grammy Awards including for Album of the Year in 1986. Stephen Holden of ''The New York Times'' wrote that Collins was "quietly revolutionising and expanding the role of the drums in pop record making". ''Rolling Stone'' reviewer David Fricke wrote that, "Like his '81 and '82 outings, ''Face Value'' and '' Hello, I Must Be Going!'', ''No Jacket Required'' is not an album that waits to be liked". Collins' most commercially successful solo album, it reached number one in several countries, including the US (where it was at the top of the charts for seven weeks), the UK and Canada. According to the RIAA, the album sold over twelve million copies in the US, and in the UK, it sold over two million copies, and was certified 6× Platinum. It was the second-best-selling album of 1985 in the UK, beaten to first place by Dire Straits' '' Brothers in Arms''. Worldwide, the album has sold over 25 million copies, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time. ''No Jacket Required'' was ranked No. 74 on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "Definitive 200" list. It was also among ten albums nominated for the best British album of the previous 30 years by the Brit Awards in 2010, ultimately losing to ''(What's the Story) Morning Glory?'' by Oasis.

Following the release of the album Collins embarked on the successful No Jacket Required World Tour. At the end of that tour, Collins performed at both the London and Philadelphia Live Aid concerts on 13 July 1985. During the tour, Collins recorded the song "Separate Lives" with Marilyn Martin for the movie ''White Nights'', which was a number-one hit in the US and a top-ten hit in the UK. Remixes of six songs from the album were later included on the '' 12"ers'' compilation album, released in 1987.

Production and recording

Shortly after the completion of work on Eric Clapton's album '' Behind The Sun'' in mid 1984, Collins turned his attention to his third solo album. According to his 2016 autobiography ''Not Dead Yet'', the sessions for what would become ''No Jacket Required'' was a conscious attempt to move to a more uptempo sound—"I have a notion of what I want to do: break out of this "love song" box that I've found myself in. I'll make a dance album. Or, at least, an album with a couple of uptempo tracks."

Some of the songs from the album emerged from Collins' improvisations with a drum machine, including the singles " One More Night" and "Sussudio". Collins started singing "one more night" to an attempt of making a beat similar to The Jacksons, and improvised "sus-sussudio" in another. Collins tried to replace the lyric with another phrase but decided to keep that way, leading to lyrics about a schoolboy crush on a girl at his school. Another song created mostly through improvisation, " Don't Lose My Number", was described by Collins as having been written mostly during the recordings for his first solo album, ''Face Value''. Collins added that he does not fully understand the meaning of the lyrics, described by reviewer Stephen Holden of ''The New York Times'' as "vague, sketching the outlines of a melodrama but withholding the full story".

Other songs were written with a more personal message. "Long Long Way to Go" is often considered one of Collins' more popular songs never to be released as a single and was at that point in his career his most political song. Former Police lead vocalist Sting provided backing vocals for the song. Sting and Collins first met through Band Aid, and would later perform together in Live Aid. Collins was working on a song, and thought that Sting, having participated in Band Aid, would relate to it very easily. Collins asked Sting to help him provide vocals for this song, and Sting accepted.

"Doesn't Anybody Stay Together Anymore" is another song in which Collins was making a personal message. The song was made in response to everyone around him getting a divorce, including his manager, friends and himself years before. Collins later said that he sang this at Charles, Prince of Wales' 40th-birthday party, not knowing that the Prince's divorce from his wife, Diana, Princess of Wales, would happen a short time later. The Phil Collins Big Band played this live on tour. In later years, Collins performed a re-arranged version of the song as a ballad as part of his Seriously, Live! World Tour, differing considerably from the original up-beat album version. The opening drum fill of the song would be later used on the Eric Clapton track "Hold On", on which Collins played drums and produced for Clapton's album ''August'' one year later.

" Take Me Home" is another song in which the meaning was originally very vague. At first listening, it appears that the song is about going home, but this is not true. Collins has stated that the song lyrics refer to a patient in a mental institution, and that it is based on the novel ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest''. Peter Gabriel, Helen Terry and Sting all provide backing vocals. The music video (shot during the NJR tour) features Collins in multiple cities around the world, including London, New York City, Tokyo, Moscow, Sydney, Paris, Chicago, St. Louis, Los Angeles (Hollywood), San Francisco and Memphis (Graceland). At the end of the music video, Collins arrives home and hears a woman (presumably his wife) from inside the house asking him where he has been and that dinner is ready. He replies by saying he has been to some of the cities mentioned above. The woman replies "You've been down at the pub, haven't you?", as Collins grins at the camera.

"We Said Hello Goodbye" appeared as a B-side to "Take Me Home" and "Don't Lose My Number" originally, and as an "extra track" on the CD release of the album. Producer Arif Mardin composed the beginning portion of the song. A remix of the song with additional guitars and without an orchestra was released the following year (1986) on the soundtrack for the movie, '' Playing for Keeps''. This remixed version received some radio airplay around the time of the soundtrack's release (which coincided with the ''No Jacket Required'' period), though it did not chart. Collins has mused that the song is unfairly classed as a "second class citizen", stating that the song would have been looked at differently if it were added to the album. According to ''The New York Times'' reviewer Caryn James, the song is "a straightforward comment on leaving home".

" The Man with the Horn" was originally recorded during sessions for Collins' second solo album '' Hello, I Must Be Going!'' in 1982. However, the song was not released until it appeared as the B-side to "Sussudio" in the UK, and as the B-side to "One More Night" in the United States. Collins has said that he has "no emotional attachment" to the song. Music by The Jackson 5 inspired Collins to write the song "I Like the Way", which also did not appear on the album, originally appearing as the B-side to "One More Night" in the UK and "Sussudio" in the US. He called the song "dodgy" and has cited it among his least favourite of his songs.

Title and cover

The album is named after an incident at The Pump Room restaurant in Chicago, Illinois. Collins, entering the restaurant with former Led Zeppelin lead vocalist Robert Plant, was denied admittance because he did not meet the restaurant's dress code of "jacket required" for dinner, while Plant was allowed in. Collins was wearing a jacket and argued about it. The maître d'hôtel argued that the jacket was not "proper". Collins said in an interview with ''Playboy'' that, at that point, he was as angry as he had ever been.

After the incident, Collins often appeared on shows such as ''Late Night with David Letterman'' and ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'', denouncing the restaurant and telling his story. The management of the restaurant later sent him a complimentary sport coat and an apology letter, stating that he could come to the restaurant wearing whatever he wanted.

The cover image of ''No Jacket Required'' (a continuation of the 'facial close-up' theme begun with ''Face Value'') of Collins' face lit by red/orange light was to emphasise the "hot", up-tempo nature of the album. Collins stated in his autobiography ''Not Dead Yet'', that glycerin was sprayed onto his forehead during the photography session to give the illusion of perspiration. In the photography for the album's inner sleeve and subsequent publicity materials, Collins appeared to lampoon the incident by wearing a suit that was several sizes too big.

Release and commercial performance

''No Jacket Required'' was released on 18 February 1985. The lead singles were "Sussudio" in the UK and "One More Night" in the US. Both songs had music videos that were shot at a London pub owned by Richard Branson, featuring Collins playing both before and after the building closes.

In the first week of March, shortly after Collins won a Grammy for " Against All Odds", the album debuted at the top spot of the UK Albums Chart and 24th in the ''Billboard'' 200. It also got to tenth in the German charts and 15th in Canada. By the end of the month, it had climbed to number one in America as well. Collins had become the 15th British artist to top both the album and single ''Billboard'' charts, as "One More Night" was leading the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 that same week. The same thing was happening in the UK, where Collins' duet with Philip Bailey, "Easy Lover", was the UK Singles Chart number one. ''No Jacket Required'' was number one on the US charts for seven weeks, and on the British chart for five.

"Sussudio" was the first track to be released as a single in the UK, and the second to be released in the US. In the UK the song reached number 12 on the UK charts. In the US, the song entered frequent rotation on MTV in May, and by 6 July, both the single and the album had reached number one on their respective US ''Billboard'' charts. "One More Night" was Collins' second US number-one single, following "Against All Odds", and was his fourth single to reach the top ten in the UK, peaking at number four on the singles chart. Its B-side in the UK was "I Like the Way", while the US version featured "The Man with the Horn".

Meanwhile, "Don't Lose My Number", a single that Collins only released in the US, peaked at number four on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 charts during late September 1985, and the B-side of the single was "We Said Hello Goodbye". Collins had difficulty conceptualising a plot for the corresponding music video. He decided to create a gag video based on this difficulty. In the video, he talks to clients and directors, all giving him crazy conceptual ideas. Collins parodies several other videos, including those by Michael Jackson, David Lee Roth, Elton John, The Cars and The Police. The singer also filmed parodies of '' Mad Max'', western films and samurai movies.

"Take Me Home", the final single released from the album, is often considered to be one of Collins' most well-known songs, and has been a part of all of his tours since The No Jacket Required World Tour. It reached number seven on the US ''Billboard'' charts, and number 19 on the UK charts. The song was not slated for a single release, but the label decided to do so after it became an airplay hit on several US radio stations who decided to play the track. "Take Me Home" also got a video where Collins sung in various locations around the world.

One song from the album would not reach chart success until it was released later. "Who Said I Would" was not released as a single from this album. However, a live version was released as a single from the '' Serious Hits... Live!'' album in the US, reaching number 73 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100. A music video of the original version was filmed, for the ''No Jacket Required'' home video. It featured Collins playing the song in a concert. Some of the songs that were not released as singles still charted on ''Billboard'' charts. "Inside Out" went to number nine on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. "The Man with the Horn", though not released as a single (nor was it included on the album), charted at number 38 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.

''No Jacket Required'' remains Collins' highest-selling album, having sold over 12 million copies as of 2001 in the US, where it was certified diamond status. Twenty years after its release, ''No Jacket Required'' remains among the 50 highest-selling albums in the US. In the UK, the album was certified 6× platinum, selling over 1.8 million copies. It has also sold over 20 million copies worldwide. A video produced by Atlantic Video in 1986 was also released, and included the four original music videos of the four released singles, and a live performance of "Who Said I Would". Alternate versions of six songs from ''No Jacket Required'' were included on the remix album '' 12"ers'', released in January 1988.

The album was re-released and remastered by Steve Hoffman for the Audio Fidelity label in 2011. It was reissued as a deluxe edition on CD, vinyl and digital on 15 April 2016, including a new second disc with bonus tracks.

''No Jacket Required EP'' (home video)

In 1985 Collins also released a home video called ''No Jacket Required EP'' consisting of the music videos "Sussudio", " One More Night", "Who Said I Would", " Don't Lose My Number" and " Take Me Home". It was originally available on Video Home System ( VHS) and LaserDisc (LD).

Critical reception

The reception for the album was mostly positive. Geoff Orens of AllMusic, in a retrospective review, said that while some of the songs are "dated", the album contains "standout tracks". He describes "Long Long Way to Go" as "one of Collins' most effective ballads", and "Take Me Home" as "pulsating". Orens went on to say "It's not a completely satisfying recording, but it is the best example of one of the most dominating and influential styles of the 1980s." Lori E. Pike of the ''Los Angeles Times'' said that "Collins' recipe of tense vocals spiced with saucy horns and splashy electro-jitterbugging synthesisers often leaves little room for real feeling to squeeze through. When he slows down and lets his smoldering moodiness take over, the effect is magical."

Stephen Holden of ''The New York Times'' said that the album was "refreshing", and that Collins was "adept" at setting a suspenseful or menacing mood. Holden described "Only You Know and I Know" as an "angry love song" that had some sampling of Motown-style music mixed in. "In 'One More Night', Mr. Collins's recent number-one hit, a ticking snare drum injects a whisper of lurking fear into a song that suggests a sweeter, tenderer reprise of 'Against All Odds'", says Holden. Holden concluded by saying "On the surface, ''No Jacket Required'', is an album bursting with soulful hooks and bright peppy tunes. But beneath its shiny exterior, Mr. Collins' drums and his voice carry on a disjunctive, enigmatic dialogue between heart and mind, obsession and repression."

''Rolling Stone'' reviewer David Fricke said "Phil Collins' sudden transformation from the balding bantam drummer for a prosperous British art-rock group into a mainstream pop heartthrob might seem one of the Eighties' most improbable success stories. But judging from the sly craft and warm, low-key humour of his solo records and his successful productions for Philip Bailey and Frida, Collins' newfound fame was inevitable." Robert Hilburn of the ''Los Angeles Times'' originally disliked the song "One More Night", but later praised the song, saying that "Collins' soulful but polite vocal style is also capable of capturing the pain of going through yet one more night without her." ''The Dallas Morning News'' writer Lennox Samuels said that "No Jacket Required (Atlantic) is what fans have come to expect from Phil Collins—lots of horns and syncopation, heavy rhythm."

Even those who were not normally fans of Collins' work liked the album. Michael R. Smith of ''The Daily Vault'' wrote "Anomaly or not, it is indeed the album that Phil deserves to be remembered for." Stephen Williams of ''Newsday'' said that the album was "loaded with musical hooks and textured arrangements... it also lacks the tense edge that was part of Collins' work with Genesis." Keegan Hamilton of the ''Riverfront Times'' said that the album was "The 80's Dance Pop Special: A smooth synthesiser groove, with an order of keyboards, drum machines, and horns on the side," adding that "Sussudio" was the best track on the album, saying that it's "catchy gibberish." Hamilton says that "One More Night" was the worst song on the album, saying that "The album's introspective slow jam wallows in self-pity."

On the negative side, Marty Racine of the ''Houston Chronicle'' said that "I Don't Wanna Know" and "Take Me Home" were the only songs to "rise above the crowd", and that Collins focused too much on his singing and less on his drumming, "which can be captivating". Racine also added that the album makes the listener feel a little "cold", but admired that the singer was "playing the game as well as anyone".

Writing an article in defence of Collins in 2010, Gary Mills of ''The Quietus'' described the album as "determined dross" which Collins did not deserve to have his career judged by. In 2013, music critic Tom Service of ''The Guardian'' was similarly scathing, saying the album had not stood the test of time and was "unlistenable to today", singling out "Sussudio" for particular criticism, arguing: "the production, the drum machine, the inane sincerity of the lyrics; there's no colder or more superficial sound in popular music, precisely because it takes itself so seriously." He also compared it unfavourably with the enduring appeal of Collins' 1980s contemporaries such as the Human League and—in particular—the Pet Shop Boys, saying the latter were "geniuses by comparison".

At the 28th Annual Grammy Awards, Collins was nominated in five categories. The album won the award for Album of the Year, and Collins won Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. Collins shared the Producer of the Year (Non-Classical) award with co-producer of the album, Hugh Padgham. The home video ''No Jacket Required EP'' received a nomination for Best Music Video, Short Form. In 1986 the album received two American Music Award nominations for Favorite Pop/Rock Album and Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist. At the Brit Awards in 1986 the album received two awards for British Album and British Male Artist, while co-producer Hugh Padgham was nominated for British Producer.

Influence and legacy

At the Brit Awards in 2010, the album was one of ten nominees for Brits Album of 30 Years in a poll of BBC Radio 2 listeners; the winner was ''(What's the Story) Morning Glory?'' by Oasis. "Sussudio" is one of Collins' most famous songs and is referenced in many different media, including books, stand-up comedy acts and television shows. He has said that this is the song people most often sing to him when they spot him on the street. In the book and film adaptation of ''American Psycho'', main character Patrick Bateman briefly discusses it, amongst other work by Collins. The synthesiser riff was heavily criticised for sounding too much like Prince's 1982 song "1999", a similarity that Collins does not deny, citing that he is a big fan of Prince's work.

Three songs recorded during the ''No Jacket Required'' sessions aired on episodes of the television show ''Miami Vice''. "Take Me Home" appeared in "The Prodigal Son", the premiere of the second season. "Long Long Way to Go" was played in the closing scene of the season 2 finale "Sons and Lovers", during the funeral for Ricardo Tubbs' girlfriend and son. "The Man with the Horn" was re-written for an episode of ''Vice'' in which Collins guest-starred as a con artist who gets in trouble with cocaine distributors. The re-written version was titled "Life Is a Rat Race".

"Take Me Home" was the closing theme song for the World Wrestling Federation's television show, '' Saturday Night's Main Event'' for several years in the late 1980s. In 2003, the hip-hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony based their song "Home" on this single. That version of the song featured the original song's chorus, and hit number 19 on the UK charts.

"Take Me Home" was also featured in the first episode of the second season of ''Mr. Robot''.

As years went on, Collins became unhappy with the album and grew to dislike it. In a 2016 interview with ''Rolling Stone'', he said in retrospect that it is among his least favourite records he had made: "At the time, I wasn't being me. I've grown up a bit now and much prefer to play songs that are me. I only play a bit part in that one."

Tour

The album was followed by a concert tour in 1985 named The No Jacket Required World Tour. For the tour, Collins retained his usual cast of musicians, including Chester Thompson, Leland Sklar and Daryl Stuermer. The band was nicknamed the "Hot Tub Club". A television special was recorded in Dallas and aired on HBO, titled "No Jacket Required... Sold Out". Another television special was recorded for Cinemax for a show titled "Album Flash", taped in London, England at the Royal Albert Hall.

Reception for the tour was positive as well. Rick Kogan of the ''Chicago Tribune'' said that "After hearing and observing Collins' eminently satisfying and frequently spectacular two-hour performance, one is left not with a series of niggling questions about his popularity but rather with renewed admiration for the forcefulness of well-crafted songs played in a straightforward manner."

In interviews during the tour, it was remarked by interviewers that the singer appeared similar to actors Bob Hoskins and Danny DeVito. Collins joked that all three of them could play the Three Bears from the story Goldilocks and the Three Bears. DeVito heard the idea, and contacted Collins and Hoskins about making a film. Collins researched bears, and a script was planned. Kim Basinger reportedly wished to play the role of "Goldilocks". However, problems arose (mostly involving the script), and all three actors abandoned the film.

While on the ''No Jacket Required'' tour, Collins recorded a song for the movie ''White Nights'', titled "Separate Lives". The song, which was written by Collins' friend Stephen Bishop, was a duet that Collins performed with Marilyn Martin. In the US, the song went to number one on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, and it reached number four on the UK charts.

Live Aid

The No Jacket Required World Tour ended with Collins performing at both the Wembley Stadium and JFK Stadium Live Aid concerts. Collins claims that it all happened by accident, and that both he and Power Station were going to attend both Live Aid shows as well, but "they all chickened out." "By default, I was the only one who did it," he later claimed. Bob Geldof, the organiser of Live Aid, originally asked Collins to be part of Geldof's first charity effort, Band Aid. Collins played the drums and performed backing vocals for Band Aid's UK number one hit in 1984, " Do They Know It's Christmas?".

Collins first performed with Sting at Wembley, and together they performed "In the Air Tonight", " Against All Odds", "Long Long Way to Go" and " Every Breath You Take", accompanied by saxophonist Branford Marsalis. After Collins finished performing, he flew on Concorde to the Live Aid show in Philadelphia. On the plane, he met Cher, and convinced her to be a part of the event. Once there he met Robert Plant, who had asked him if he would perform with him, Jimmy Page and Tony Thompson in a Led Zeppelin "reunion" of sorts. He first played drums on " Layla", " White Room" and "She's Waiting" for his friend Eric Clapton. Then, Collins performed "Against All Odds" and "In the Air Tonight", and finished the night playing drums for Led Zeppelin's aforementioned act. The band has claimed that the performance was unspectacular, and critics place the blame on Collins. However, Collins says that "I would pledge to my dying day that it wasn't me," and that Thompson was racing through some of the performance. Collins later remarked, "... I remember in the middle of the thing, I actually thought, How do I get out of here?" Stephen Williams of ''Newsday'' commented that Collins' performance of "In the Air Tonight" in Philadelphia "was one of the more moving moments of the day". Live Aid raised $69 million in its effort. Collins later recalled the event as "extraordinary".

Track listing

Notes
* "We Said Hello Goodbye" was released as a bonus track on the CD version of ''No Jacket Required''. It was not available on the original vinyl or cassette releases, and was not included on the 2016 vinyl reissue of the album, but was included on the 2016 CD and digital download/streaming reissue. A different mix of the song was released on the '' Playing for Keeps'' soundtrack album.

Personnel

Adapted from Phil Collins' official website.

Musicians
* Phil Collins – vocals, backing vocals, Roland TR-909 (1, 10), keyboards (2, 3, 5–11), bass (2), drums (2, 4, 6-11), LinnDrum (2, 6, 8), Roland TR-808 (3, 5), Simmons electronic drums (credited on 2016 release as 'Simmonds') (3, 7), vocoder (7), kalimba (7)
* David Frank – keyboards (1, 7), additional keyboards (6), Minimoog bass (1, 7), Oberheim DMX (1)
* Nick Glennie-Smith – keyboards (11)
* Daryl Stuermer – guitars (1–10), keyboards (4)
* Leland Sklar – bass guitar (3–6, 8–11), Piccolo bass (3, 10)
* The Phenix Horns, arranged by Tom Tom 84 – horns (1, 2, 7)
** Don Myrick – saxophones, sax solo (5, 9)
** Louis Satterfield – trombone
** Michael Harris – trumpet
** Rahmlee Michael Davis – trumpet
* Gary Barnacle – saxophone (4, 7)
* Arif Mardin – string arrangements (5), orchestral introduction (11)
* Sting – backing vocals (3, 10)
* Peter Gabriel – backing vocals (10)
* Helen Terry – backing vocals (10)

Production
* Phil Collins – producer, mixing, album design
* Hugh Padgham – producer, engineer, mixing
* Steve Chase – assistant engineer
* Jon Jacobs – string recording at Air Studios (London)
* Peter Ashworth – cover photography

Charts

Certifications

See also

* List of best-selling albums
* List of best-selling albums in Germany
* List of best-selling albums in the United States

References

External links

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1985 albums
Phil Collins albums
Grammy Award for Album of the Year
Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance
Brit Award for British Album of the Year
Albums produced by Phil Collins
Albums produced by Hugh Padgham
Virgin Records albums
Atlantic Records albums
Warner Music Group albums
Albums recorded in a home studio
Albums recorded at AIR Studios