Nizhny Novgorod Governorate

The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Нижегородская губернія, r=Nizhegorodskaya guberniya, p=nʲɪʐɨɡɐˈrotskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, Russian Republic, and the Russian SFSR, roughly corresponding to the Upper and Middle Volga region and what is now most of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. In the early of 20th Century, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate bordered the Kostroma and Vyatka governorates to the north, the Vladimir Governorate to the west, the Kazan and Simbirsk governorates to the east, and the Penza and Tambov governorates to the south.

In the early 18th Century, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was included in the Kazan Governorate, from 1708–1714, and 1717–1719. The Reform of Peter the Great formed the newly governorate from 1714 to 1779. in the Reign of Catherine the Great, the governorate was reorganized to the Viceroyalty until 1796. In 1929 the governorate was disestablished, as a result of the new administrative reform, where the governorate was again reorganized to the Oblast. The governorate's administrative center was seated in Nizhny Novgorod and consisted of eleven ''uezds''.

Geography

Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was bordered by the following governorates: the Vladimir Governorate to the west, Kostroma and Vyatka governorates to the north, Kazan and Simbirsk governorates to the east, and Penza and Tambov governorates to the south.

The area of the governorate was in 1847, in 1905, and in 1926.

The Oka and Volga rivers divided the governorate into two parts that differed significantly in relief, geological structure, soils, and vegetation: the northern was a lowland, and the southern was an upland.

History

Nizhny Novgorod Land in pre-Peter periods

Formation of the Governorate

In the course of the regional reform of Peter I in 1708, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, was included in the Kazan Governorate. In January 1714, a new Nizhny Novgorod Governorate separated from the northwestern part of the Kazan Governorate. In addition to Nizhny Novgorod, including the cities of Alatyr, Arzamas, Balakhna, Vasilsursk, Gorokhovets, Kurmysh, Yuryevets, Yadrin with adjacent territories. In 1717, the Governorate was abolished, and the Governorate again merged with the Kazan Governorate.

On May 29, 1719, as a result of the Second Peter I's reform, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate has recreated again. It included 3 provinces: Alatyr, Arzamas, Nizhny Novgorod, and 7 cities.

In the course of Catherine II's administrative reform on September 5, 1779, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was established, which included the former Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, as well as parts of the previously formed Ryazan and Vladimir viceroyalties, and a part of the Kazan Governorate.

On December 12, 1796, under Paul I, the Nizhny Novgorod Viceroyalty was renamed a Governorate.

In October 1797, the area of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was increased at the expense of the territories received during the partition of the Penza Governorate. After the accession to the throne of Alexander I on September 9, 1801, the Penza Governorate was restored to its previous area.

In connection with the ''Zemstvo'' reform, in 1865, the institute of local government introduced the Zemstvo in the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate.

The Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was among the 17 regions recognized as seriously affected during the famine of 1891–1892.

After the October Revolution of 1917, the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) formed in 1918.

In 1922, the Governorate included the Varnavinsky and Vetluzhsky districts of the Kostroma Governorate, the Kurmyshsky district of the Simbirsk Governorate, and a small part of the Tambov Governorate.

By a decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on January 14, 1929, the Governorates were completely abolished. On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast was formed, which also included the territories of the abolished Vyatka Governorate and small sections of the Vladimir and Kostroma governorates.s:Постановление Президиума ВЦИК от 14 января 1929 года, Постановление ВЦИК от 14.01.1929 «Об образовании на территории Р. С. Ф. С. Р. административно-территориальных объединений краевого и областного значения»

Subdivisions

*Ardatovsky Uyezd (Nizhny Novgorod Governorate), Ardatovsky Uyezd
*Arzamassky Uyezd
*Balakhninsky Uyezd
*Vasilsursky Uyezd
*Gorbatovsky Uyezd
* Knyagininsky Uyezd
* Lukoyanovsky Uyezd
* Makaryevsky Uyezd
* Nizhegorodsky Uyezd
* Semyonovsky Uyezd
* Sergachsky Uyezd

References

Governorates of the Russian Empire
States and territories established in 1714
States and territories disestablished in 1929
Governorates of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
1714 establishments in Russia

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