The Newark Supergroup, also known as the Newark Group, is an assemblage of

Upper Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. ...

and

Lower Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma&nb ...

sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particle ...

which outcrop intermittently along the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

East Coast. They were deposited in a series of

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest per ...

basins approximately 190 million years ago as North America separated from Africa. The exposures extend from

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native Eng ...

North Carolina North Carolina () is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 28th largest and List of states and territories of the United ...

. Related basins are also found underwater in the

Bay of Fundy The Bay of Fundy (french: Baie de Fundy) is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine. Its extremely high tidal range is t ...

. The group is named for the city of

Newark, New Jersey Newark ( , ) is the List of municipalities in New Jersey, most populous City (New Jersey), city in the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat, seat of Essex County, New Jersey, Essex County and the second largest city within the New Yo ...

Characteristics

The Newark Supergroup consists largely of poorly sorted nonmarine sediments; typical rocks are

breccia Breccia () is a rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix. The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means "rubble". A breccia may have a variety of ...

conglomerate Conglomerate or conglomeration may refer to: * Conglomerate (company) * Conglomerate (geology) * Conglomerate (mathematics) In popular culture: * The Conglomerate (American group), a production crew and musical group founded by Busta Rhymes ** ...

, arkose sandstone,

siltstone Siltstone, also known as aleurolite, is a clastic sedimentary rock that is composed mostly of silt. It is a form of mudrock with a low clay mineral content, which can be distinguished from shale by its lack of fissility.Blatt ''et al.'' 1980, ...

, and

shale Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especiall ...

. Most of the strata are

red beds Red beds (or redbeds) are sedimentary rocks, typically consisting of sandstone, siltstone, and shale, that are predominantly red in color due to the presence of ferric oxides. Frequently, these red-colored sedimentary strata locally contain t ...

that feature

ripple marks In geology, ripple marks are sedimentary structures (i.e., bedforms of the lower flow regime) and indicate agitation by water ( current or waves) or wind. Defining ripple cross-laminae and asymmetric ripples * ''Current ripple marks'', ''u ...

, mud cracks, and even

rain Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water f ...

drop prints;

dinosaur Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is t ...

footprints are common, though actual body

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s are very rare. Some of the strata are detailed to the level of

varve A varve is an annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock. The word 'varve' derives from the Swedish word ''varv'' whose meanings and connotations include 'revolution', 'in layers', and 'circle'. The term first appeared as ''Hvarfig lera'' (va ...

s, with indications of Milankovitch cycles. In preserved

lake A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much large ...

sediments, ''

Semionotus ''Semionotus'' (from el, σημιον , 'mark' and el, νῶτος , 'back') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found throughout Northern Pangaea (North America and Europe) during the late Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period a ...

'' fossils are especially common. The Newark sediments are extremely thick (up to 6 kilometers); they were deposited in a series of half-

graben In geology, a graben () is a depressed block of the crust of a planet or moon, bordered by parallel normal faults. Etymology ''Graben'' is a loan word from German, meaning 'ditch' or 'trench'. The word was first used in the geologic conte ...

s that were themselves faulted into block mountains. The beds dip to the east, while the faults dip westward. The beds are intruded by numerous

dikes Dyke (UK) or dike (US) may refer to: General uses * Dyke (slang), a slang word meaning "lesbian" * Dike (geology), a subvertical sheet-like intrusion of magma or sediment * Dike (mythology), ''Dikē'', the Greek goddess of moral justice * Dikes ...

and

sill Sill may refer to: * Sill (dock), a weir at the low water mark retaining water within a dock * Sill (geology), a subhorizontal sheet intrusion of molten or solidified magma * Sill (geostatistics) * Sill (river), a river in Austria * Sill plate, ...

s, indicative of considerable

igneous Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ''ignis'' meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or ...

activity; a superb example is the

New Jersey Palisades The Palisades, also called the New Jersey Palisades or the Hudson River Palisades, are a line of steep cliffs along the west side of the lower Hudson River in Northeastern New Jersey and Southeastern New York in the United States. The cliffs s ...

sill.

Depositional environment

The Newark Supergroup's

lithologies The lithology of a rock unit is a description of its physical characteristics visible at outcrop, in hand or core samples, or with low magnification microscopy. Physical characteristics include colour, texture, grain size, and composition. Lith ...

and structure are the classic hallmarks of a

rift valley A rift valley is a linear shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift. Rifts are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the lithosphere due to extensional tectonics. The linear d ...

; the fault-blocking illustrates the crustal extension forces in play during the breakup of

Pangea Pangaea or Pangea () was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous approximately 335 million y ...

during the late Triassic Period. The

Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, (french: Appalaches), are a system of mountains in eastern to northeastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period. The ...

had already been nearly eroded flat by the end of the period; the uplift and faulting that was the first part of the rifting provided new sources of sediment for the vast thicknesses deposited in the Newark Supergroup; the igneous intrusions are similarly diagnostic of a rift valley. Coarse sediments were deposited near the eastern mountain front, while progressively finer ones were deposited farther west. Evidence suggests the climate at the time was subtropical and rainy, though divided between wet and dry months. A few organic-rich deposits suggest patchy or intermittent

swamp A swamp is a forested wetland.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p. Swamps are considered to be transition zones because both land and water play a role in ...

s and

s. Accumulation of Newark sediments within the rift basins continued from the late Triassic into the early

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of ...

Balls Bluff Siltstone with Diabase Intrusion (4802113326)

Skeletal reconstruction of Carnufex cropped

Dinosaur State Park (Rocky Hill, CT) - prints

Basins and formations

The separate basins and sub-basins of the Newark Supergroup have historically been given their own geological formations by local paleontologists. However, a study by Weems, Tanner, and Lucas (2016) proposed that the formations of the Newark Supergroup should be defined on a regional scale due to their geological uniformity over eastern North America. From youngest to oldest, the regional formations proposed by this study are: * Longmeadow Sandstone of the Portland Group (Early Jurassic semi-arid fluvial deposits) * Mount Toby Conglomerate of the Portland Group (Early Jurassic semi-arid alluvial conglomerate) * Boonton Formation of the Portland Group (Early Jurassic lacustrine deposits) * Hampden Formation of the Meriden Group (Early Jurassic basalts) *

East Berlin Formation The East Berlin Formation is an Early Jurassic geological formation in New England. Dinosaur footprints and trackways are abundant in this formation. These tracks include ''Eubrontes'' (belonging to medium-sized-theropods like '' Dilophosaurus'') ...

of the Meriden Group (Early Jurassic semi-arid lacustrine and alluvial deposits) * Holyoke Formation of the Meriden Group (Early Jurassic basalts and rare sediments) *

Shuttle Meadow Formation The Shuttle Meadow Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation in the Hartford Basin in Connecticut and Massachusetts, USA.Olsen, P.E., Schliesche, R.W., Gore, P.J.W. (Editors), 1989, Tectonic, Depositional, and Paleoecological History of Early ...

of the Meriden Group (latest Triassic-earliest Jurassic lacustrine and freshwater

limestone Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms w ...

deposits) * Talcott Formation of the Meriden Group (latest Triassic (

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest a ...

)

basalts Basalt (; ) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of ...

and rare sediments) *

Passaic Formation The Passaic Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It was previously known as the Brunswick Formation since it was first described in the vicinity of New Brunswick, New Jersey. It is now named for the city of ...

of the Chatham Group (

Norian The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age ( geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227 to million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian. Stratigraphic ...

-Rhaetian? semi-arid fluvial and deltaic deposits) *

Lockatong Formation The Triassic Lockatong Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It is named after the Lockatong Creek in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. Description The Lockatong is defined as a light to dark gray, greenish-gra ...

of the Chatham Group (Norian? Humid lacustrine deposits) *

Stockton Formation The Triassic Stockton Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. It is named after Stockton, New Jersey, where it was first described. It is laterally equivalent to the New Oxford Formation in the Gettysburg B ...

of the Chatham Group (

Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227 m ...

? Humid fluvial and deltaic deposits) *

Doswell Formation The Doswell Formation (also known as the Doswell Group) is a geologic unit of Upper Triassic age, part of the Newark Supergroup. The Doswell Formation was originally named to refer to a geological sequence which forms the lower part of the sedimen ...

of the Chatham Group (Early Carnian? Humid fluvial,

lacustrine A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...

, and

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when ...

deposits) *

Evangeline Formation ''Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie'' is an epic poetry, epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English language, English and published in 1847. The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her ...

of the Acadia Group (

Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic) ...

? semi-arid fluvial deposits) * Economy Formation of the Acadia Group (

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic ...

-Ladinian? arid

fluvial In geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluviog ...

deposits and aeolian sandstone) * Chedabucto Formation of the Acadia Group ( stratigraphically uncertain red beds at

Chedabucto Bay Chedabucto Bay is a large bay on the eastern coast of mainland Nova Scotia between the Atlantic Ocean and the Strait of Canso next to Guysborough County. At the entrance to Chedabucto Bay is the community of Canso at the head is the community ...

) * Honeycomb Point Formation of the Acadia Group (

Late Permian Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...

? arid

alluvial Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. ...

and aeolian

sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicat ...

) Basin-specific formations are given below:

Deep River Basin Deep or The Deep may refer to: Places United States * Deep Creek (Appomattox River tributary), Virginia * Deep Creek (Great Salt Lake), Idaho and Utah * Deep Creek (Mahantango Creek tributary), Pennsylvania * Deep Creek (Mojave River tributary), C ...
, Sanford/Durham/Wadesboro Sub-Basins (North Carolina)

* Sanford Formation (equivalent to the Passaic Formation) * Cumnock Formation (Cumnock Member of the Lockatong Formation) *

Pekin Formation The Pekin Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian) geological formation in North Carolina. The Pekin Formation is specific to the Sanford Sub-Basin of the Deep River Basin of North Carolina, although it may be equivalent to the Stockton Formation o ...

(equivalent to the Stockton Formation)

Danville/Dan River Basin (North Carolina, Virginia)

* Stoneville Formation (equivalent to the Passaic Formation) *

Cow Branch Formation The Cow Branch Formation is a Late Triassic (Carnian to Norian, or Tuvalian in the regional stratigraphy) geologic formation in the eastern United States.Richmond Basin (Virginia)

* Otterdale sandstone (equivalent to the Stockton Formation) * "Vinita Beds" (Vinita Member of the Doswell Formation) * "Coal Measures" (equivalent to the Vinita Member of the Doswell Formation) * "Barren Beds" (equivalent to the Stagg Creek Member of the Doswell Formation)

Taylorsville Basin (Virginia)

* Leedstown Formation (equivalent to the Passaic Formation) * Port Royal Formation (equivalent to the Lockatong Formation) * Newfound Formation (equivalent to the Stockton Formation) * Falling Creek Formation (equivalent to the Vinita Member of the

) * South Anna Formation (equivalent to the Stagg Creek Member of the Doswell Formation)

Culpeper Basin The Culpeper Basin is one of the Newark Supergroup's Triassic rift basins. It lies east of the Appalachian Mountains and extends from the Madison County, Virginia, Madison County—Orange County, Virginia, Orange County line in Virginia to Frederic ...
(Virginia, Maryland)

* Waterfall Formation (equivalent to the East Berlin Formation) * Sander Basalt (equivalent to the Deerfield Basalt Member of the Holyoke Formation) * Turkey Run Formation (Turkey Run Member of the Holyoke Formation) * Hickory Grove Basalt (Hickory Grove Member of the Holyoke Formation) *

Midland Formation The Midland Formation is a Mesozoic (latest Triassic to earliest Jurassic) geological formation in the Culpeper Basin of Virginia. It is a Sedimentary rock, sedimentary unit which formed in a short period of time between the first two basalt flows ...

(equivalent to the Shuttle Meadow Formation) * Mount Zion Church Basalt (equivalent to the Talcott Formation) *

Catharpin Creek Formation The Catharpin Creek Formation is a Late Triassic (late Norian to Rhaetian) geologic formation in Maryland and Virginia. It is found along the western edge of the Culpeper Basin, one of the largest sedimentary basins in the Newark Supergroup. C ...

(Catharpin Creek Member of the Passaic Formation) *

Bull Run Formation The Bull Run Formation is a Late Triassic (Norian) stratigraphic unit in the eastern United States.

(Groveton/Leesburg, Balls Bluff Members of the Passaic Formation) * Manassas Formation (Manassas, Rapidan/Reston/Tuscarora Creek Members of the Passaic Formation)

Gettysburg Basin Gettysburg may refer to: Events * Gettysburg Campaign, a series of American Civil War military engagements in the Main Eastern Theater. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1–3 military engagements during the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign Retreat from G ...
(Maryland, Pennsylvania)

* Bendersville Formation (equivalent to the Shuttle Meadow Formation) *Aspers Basalt (equivalent to the Talcott Formation) * Gettysburg Formation (Fairfield, Heidlersburg, Plum Rum, and

Hammer Creek Hammer Creek is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map accessed August 8, 2011 tributary of Cocalico Creek in Lebanon and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania in the United States. Hammer ...

Members of the Passaic and Lockatong Formations) *

New Oxford Formation The New Oxford Formation is a mapped bedrock unit consisting primarily of sandstones, conglomerates, and shales. The New Oxford Formation was first described in Adams County, Pennsylvania in 1929, and over the following decade was mapped in adjace ...

(equivalent to the Stockton Formation) * Irishtown Beds (Irishtown Member of the Doswell Formation)

Newark Basin The Newark Basin is a sediment-filled rift basin located mainly in northern New Jersey but also stretching into south-eastern Pennsylvania and southern New York. It is part of the system of Eastern North America Rift Basins. Geology Approximat ...
(Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York)

* Boonton Formation * Hook Mountain Basalt (equivalent to the Hampden Formation) *

Towaco Formation The Towaco Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in New Jersey. It is named for the unincorporated village of Towaco, which is near the place its type section was described by paleontologist Paul E. Olsen. Description The Towaco Formation is c ...

(equivalent to the East Berlin Formation) * Preakness Basalt (equivalent to the Holyoke Formation) *

Feltville Formation The Feltville Formation is a mapped bedrock unit primarily in New Jersey, with one known outlier in Pennsylvania and another one in New York. It is named for the Deserted Village of Feltville in Watchung Reservation, New Jersey, which is near wh ...

(equivalent to the Shuttle Meadow Formation) * Orange Mountain Basalt (equivalent to the Talcott Formation) *

Hartford Basin The Eastern North America Rift Basins are a series of sediment-filled '' aborted rifts'' created by large-scale continental extension. Their positions closely mirror the eastern coast of North America. Sediments and volcanic material from the ri ...
(Connecticut, Massachusetts)

Portland Formation The Portland Formation is a geological formation in Connecticut and Massachusetts in the northeastern United States.Longmeadow Sandstone and Mount Toby Conglomerate) * Hampden Basalt/Formation *

* Holyoke Basalt/Formation *

* Talcott Formation *

New Haven Arkose New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created. New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz (South Korean band), The Boyz Albums and EPs * New (album), ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartn ...

(equivalent to the Sugarloaf Member of the Passaic Formation)

Pomperaug Basin (Connecticut)

* South Brook Basalt (equivalent to the Hampden Formation) * White Oaks Formation (equivalent to the East Berlin Formation) * Orenaug Basalt (equivalent to the Holyoke Formation) * Cass Formation (equivalent to the Shuttle Meadow Formation) * East Hill Basalt (equivalent to the Talcott Formation) * South Britain Arkose (equivalent to the Sugarloaf Member of the Passaic Formation)

Deerfield Basin (Massachusetts)

* Mount Toby Formation * Turners Falls Sandstone (equivalent to the East Berlin Formation) * Deerfield Basalt (Deerfield Basalt Member of the Holyoke Formation) * Fall River Beds (equivalent to the Shuttle Meadow Formation) * Sugarloaf Arkose (Sugarloaf Member of the Passaic Formation)

Fundy Basin The Fundy Basin is a sediment-filled rift basin on the Atlantic coast of southeastern Canada. It contains three sub-basins; the Fundy sub-basin, the Minas Basin and the Chignecto Basin. These arms meet at the Bay of Fundy, which is contained wi ...
(New Brunswick, Nova Scotia)

* McCoy Brook Formation (McCoy Brook Member of the Shuttle Meadow Formation) * North Mountain Basalt (equivalent to the Talcott Formation) *

Blomidon Formation The Blomidon Formation is a unit of Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) sedimentary rocks, which outcrops in Nova Scotia. At outcrop they reach a maximum thickness of , but up to has been proven from well data and a thickness of up to has been ...

(Blomidon, Red Head, and Wolfville Members of the Passaic Formation) *

Wolfville Formation The Wolfville Formation is a Triassic geologic formation of Nova Scotia. The formation is of Carnian to early Norian age. Fossils of small land vertebrates have been found in the formation, including procolophonid and early archosauromorph repti ...

(

Evangeline ''Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie'' is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847. The poem follows an Acadian girl named Evangeline and her search for her lost love Gabriel, set during t ...

Economy An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with th ...

, and Chedabucto Formations) * Honeycomb Point Formation

Minor basins

Minor basins crop out in South Carolina (Crowburg, Wadesboro Basins), North Carolina (Ellerbe, Davie County Basins), Virginia (Scottsburg, Randolph, Roanoke Creek, Briery Creek,

Farmville ''FarmVille'' is a series of agriculture-simulation social network game developed and published by Zynga in 2009. It is similar to '' Happy Farm'' and ''Farm Town''. Its gameplay involves various aspects of farmland management, such as plowi ...

, Flat Branch, Deep Run, Scottsville, Barboursville Basins), Connecticut (Cherry Brook Outlier), Massachusetts (Northfield and Middleton Basin), and Nova Scotia (Chedabucto Basin).

Age

Until the late 1970s, the entire Newark Supergroup was assumed to be

in age. However, studies of fossil

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametop ...

have now shown that the sediments actually range from the

to the

. The Supergroup was deposited over the course of 50 million years.

Notes

Bibliography

* * *

External links

"Materials to Accompany Olsen et al. ''Science'' Article." Retrieved on 12/18/06.
{{Geology of the Newark Basin Historical geology Triassic System of North America Jurassic System of North America Stratigraphy of Massachusetts Stratigraphy of North Carolina Stratigraphy of New Jersey Stratigraphy of New Brunswick Geologic supergroups of the United States