The Neotominae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classifica ...

of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and New World rats and mice. At almost 608 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and h ...

. They consist of four tribes, 16

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

, and many

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

of New World rats and mice, predominantly found in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...

. Among them are the well-known deer mice, white-footed mice, packrats, and

grasshopper mice Grasshopper mice are rodents of the genus ''Onychomys'', occurring in North America. They feed on insects and other arthropods. Biology The three species in this genus of New World mice are only distantly related to the common house mouse, '' ...

. Neotomines are related to the other two subfamilies of mice in the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

, the

Sigmodontinae The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species c ...

and Tylomyinae. Many authorities place them all in a single subfamily, Sigmodontinae.

Taxonomy

*SUBFAMILY NEOTOMINAE **Tribe Baiomyini ***Genus '' Baiomys'' - pygmy mice ****

Southern pygmy mouse The southern pygmy mouse (''Baiomys musculus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest ...

, ''Baiomys musculus'' **** Northern pygmy mouse, ''Baiomys taylori'' ***Genus '' Scotinomys'' - brown mice **** Alston's brown mouse, ''Scotinomys teguina'' **** Chiriqui brown mouse, ''Scotinomys xerampelinus'' **Tribe Neotomini ***Genus ''

Neotoma A pack rat or packrat, also called a woodrat or trade rat, are any species in the North and Central American rodent genus ''Neotoma''. Pack rats have a rat-like appearance, with long tails, large ears, and large, black eyes. Pack rats are notice ...

'' - pack rats ****Subgenus ''Neotoma'' *****

White-throated woodrat The white-throated woodrat (''Neotoma albigula'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found from central Mexico north to Utah and Colorado in the United States. It is primarily a western species in the United States, extending ...

, ''Neotoma albigula'' *****

Tamaulipan woodrat The Tamaulipan woodrat (''Neotoma angustapalata'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North A ...

, ''Neotoma angustapalata'' *****†

Anthony's woodrat Anthony's woodrat (''Neotoma bryanti anthonyi'') is an extinct subspecies of Bryant's woodrat in the family Cricetidae. It was found only on Isla Todos Santos in Baja California Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free a ...

, ''Neotoma anthonyi'' *****

Bryant's woodrat Bryant's woodrat (''Neotoma bryanti'') is a species of new-world rodent in the family Cricetidae native to the Southwestern United States and Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the south ...

, ''Neotoma bryanti'' *****† Bunker's woodrat, ''Neotoma bunkeri'' *****

Nicaraguan woodrat The Nicaraguan woodrat (''Neotoma chrysomelas'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in Honduras and Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by ...

, ''Neotoma chrysomelas'' *****

Arizona woodrat The Arizona woodrat (''Neotoma devia'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Mexico and United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, i ...

, ''Neotoma devia'' *****

Eastern woodrat The eastern woodrat (''Neotoma floridana''), also known as the Florida woodrat or bush rat, is a pack rat native to the central and Eastern United States. It constructs large dens that may serve as nests for many generations and stores food in o ...

, ''Neotoma floridana '' ***** Dusky-footed woodrat, ''Neotoma fuscipes'' ***** Goldman's woodrat, ''Neotoma goldmani'' *****

Desert woodrat The desert woodrat (''Neotoma lepida'') is a species of pack rat native to desert regions of western North America. Description Desert woodrats are relatively small for pack rats, measuring in length, including a tail. They weigh from , wit ...

, ''Neotoma lepida '' ***** White-toothed woodrat, ''Neotoma leucodon'' ***** Big-eared woodrat, ''Neotoma macrotis'' ***** Allegheny woodrat, ''Neotoma magister'' *****† San Martin Island woodrat, ''Neotoma martinensis'' *****''

Neotoma melanura A pack rat or packrat, also called a woodrat or trade rat, are any species in the North and Central American rodent genus ''Neotoma''. Pack rats have a rat-like appearance, with long tails, large ears, and large, black eyes. Pack rats are notice ...

'' *****

Mexican woodrat The Mexican woodrat (''Neotoma mexicana'') is a medium-sized pack rat. Distribution and habitat It ranges from the United States (Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and parts of Arizona and Trans-Pecos Texas) south to Honduras. Although occurring at l ...

, ''Neotoma mexicana'' ***** Southern Plains woodrat, ''Neotoma micropus'' ***** Nelson's woodrat, ''Neotoma nelsoni'' ***** Bolaños woodrat, ''Neotoma palatina'' ***** Stephens' woodrat, ''Neotoma stephensi'' ****Subgenus ''Teanopus'' ***** Sonoran woodrat, ''Neotoma phenax'' ****Subgenus ''Teonoma'' *****

Bushy-tailed woodrat The bushy-tailed woodrat, or packrat (''Neotoma cinerea'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in Canada and the United States. Its natural habitats are boreal forests, temperate forests, dry savanna, temperate shrubland, and t ...

, ''Neotoma cinerea'' ***Genus ''

Xenomys The Magdalena rat (''Xenomys nelsoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae which is found only in a small region of western Mexico. It is the only species in the genus ''Xenomys''. The common name comes from the village where the ...

'' **** Magdalena rat, ''Xenomys nelsoni'' ***Genus ''

Hodomys Allen's woodrat (''Hodomys alleni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus ''Hodomys''. Distribution This woodrat species is endemic to Mexico. It is native from southern Sinaloa to Oaxaca states ...

'' **** Allen's woodrat, ''Hodomys alleni'' ***Genus '' Nelsonia'' - diminutive woodrats ****

Goldman's diminutive woodrat Goldman's diminutive woodrat (''Nelsonia goldmani'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, an ...

, ''Nelsonia goldmani'' ****

Diminutive woodrat The diminutive woodrat (''Nelsonia neotomodon'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, muskrats, and N ...

, ''Nelsonia neotomodon'' **Tribe

Ochrotomyini The golden mouse (''Ochrotomys nuttalli'') is a species of New World mouse. It is usually 5–8 inches (12–25 cm) in body length, and has a soft pelage that ranges from golden-brownish to burnt orange in color. The genus name comes ...

***Genus ''

Ochrotomys The golden mouse (''Ochrotomys nuttalli'') is a species of New World mouse. It is usually 5–8 inches (12–25 cm) in body length, and has a soft pelage that ranges from golden-brownish to burnt orange in color. The genus name comes ...

'' ****

Golden mouse The golden mouse (''Ochrotomys nuttalli'') is a species of New World mouse. It is usually 5–8 inches (12–25 cm) in body length, and has a soft pelage that ranges from golden-brownish to burnt orange in color. The genus name comes ...

, ''Ochrotomys nuttalli'' **Tribe Reithrodontomyini ***Genus ''

Peromyscus ''Peromyscus'' is a genus of rodents. They are commonly referred to as deer mice or deermice, not to be confused with the chevrotain or "mouse deer". They are New World mice only distantly related to the common house and laboratory mouse, '' ...

'' - deer mice ****''californicus'' group *****

California mouse The California deermouse or California mouse (''Peromyscus californicus'') is a species of rodent in the subfamily Neotominae in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the ''Peromyscus californicus'' species group. It is found in nort ...

, ''Peromyscus californicus'' ****''eremicus'' group *****

Cactus mouse The cactus mouse (''Peromyscus eremicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is a species of the genus ''Peromyscus'', a closely related group of New World mice often called "deermice" (although the term more commonly refers sp ...

, ''Peromyscus eremicus'' *****

Angel Island mouse The Angel Island mouse (''Peromyscus guardia''), or La Guarda deermouse, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. Distribution It is endemic to Mexico, where it is historically known only from the island of Ángel de la Guarda and near ...

, ''Peromyscus guardia'' ***** San Lorenzo mouse, ''Peromyscus interparietalis'' ***** Northern Baja deer mouse, ''Peromyscus fraterculus'' ***** Dickey's deer mouse, ''Peromyscus dickeyi'' ***** False canyon mouse, ''Peromyscus pseudocrinitus'' ***** Eva's desert mouse, ''Peromyscus eva'' ***** Burt's deer mouse, ''Peromyscus caniceps'' ***** Mesquite mouse, ''Peromyscus merriami'' *****† Pemberton's deer mouse, ''Peromyscus pembertoni'' ****''hooperi'' group ***** Hooper's mouse, ''Peromyscus hooperi'' ****''crinitus'' group ***** Canyon mouse, ''Peromyscus crinitus'' ****''maniculatus'' group *****

Deer mouse ''Peromyscus'' is a genus of rodents. They are commonly referred to as deer mice or deermice, not to be confused with the chevrotain or "mouse deer". They are New World mice only distantly related to the common house and laboratory mouse, ''Mu ...

, ''Peromyscus maniculatus'' *****

Oldfield mouse The oldfield mouse or beach mouse (''Peromyscus polionotus''), is a nocturnal species of rodent in the family Cricetidae and primarily eats seeds. It lives in holes throughout the Southeastern United States in beaches and sandy fields. Predators ...

, ''Peromyscus polionotus'' ***** Santa Cruz mouse, ''Peromyscus sejugis'' ***** Northwestern deer mouse, ''Peromyscus keeni'' ***** Black-eared mouse, ''Peromyscus melanotis'' ***** Slevin's mouse, ''Peromyscus slevini'' *****† Giant island deer mouse, ''Peromyscus nesodytes'' ****''leucopus'' group ***** White-footed mouse, ''Peromyscus leucopus'' *****

Cotton mouse The cotton mouse (''Peromyscus gossypinus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in the woodlands of the US South. Description Adults are about long, with a tail around , and weigh 34-51 g. Its general appearance is very sim ...

, ''Peromyscus gossypinus'' ****''aztecus'' group ***** Aztec mouse, ''Peromyscus aztecus'' ***** Gleaning mouse, ''Peromyscus spicilegus'' *****

Winkelmann's mouse Winkelmann's mouse (''Peromyscus winkelmanni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found only in Mexico, and is named for John R. Winkelmann, who collected the first specimens. Description Rather larger than a house mouse, an adult ...

, ''Peromyscus winkelmanni'' ****''boylii'' group ***** Brush mouse, ''Peromyscus boylii'' ***** Nimble-footed mouse, ''Peromyscus levipes'' ***** Orizaba deer mouse, ''Peromyscus beatae'' ***** Schmidly's deer mouse, ''Peromyscus schmidlyi'' ***** San Esteban Island mouse, ''Peromyscus stephani'' ***** Texas mouse, ''Peromyscus attwateri'' ***** Nayarit mouse, ''Peromyscus simulus'' *****

Tres Marias Island mouse Tres may refer to: * Tres (instrument), a Cuban musical instrument * Tres, Trentino, municipality in Italy * "Tres" (song) by Juanes * "Tres", a song by Líbido from their album ''Hembra'' * TrES, the ''Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey'' * Templi R ...

, ''Peromyscus madrensis'' ***** White-ankled mouse, ''Peromyscus pectoralis'' ***** Chihuahuan mouse, ''Peromyscus polius'' ****''truei'' group ***** Pinyon mouse, ''Peromyscus truei'' ***** Osgood's mouse, ''Peromyscus gratus'' ***** Perote mouse, ''Peromyscus bullatus'' ***** Zacatecan deer mouse, ''Peromyscus difficilis'' ***** Northern rock mouse, ''Peromyscus nasutus'' ****''melanophrys'' group ***** Plateau mouse, ''Peromyscus melanophrys'' ***** Tawny deer mouse, ''Peromyscus perfulvus'' ***** Puebla deer mouse, ''Peromyscus mekisturus'' ****''furvus'' group ***** Blackish deer mouse, ''Peromyscus furvus'' ***** El Carrizo deer mouse, ''Peromyscus ochraventer'' *****

Maya mouse The Maya mouse (''Peromyscus mayensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Centra ...

, ''Peromyscus mayensis'' ****''megalops'' group ***** Brown deer mouse, ''Peromyscus megalops'' ***** Black-tailed mouse, ''Peromyscus melanurus'' ***** Zempoaltepec, ''Peromyscus melanocarpus'' ****''mexicanus'' group ***** Mexican deer mouse, ''Peromyscus mexicanus'' ***** Naked-eared deer mouse, ''Peromyscus gymnotis'' ***** Guatemalan deer mouse, ''Peromyscus guatemalensis'' ***** Chiapan deer mouse, ''Peromyscus zarhynchus'' ***** Big deer mouse, ''Peromyscus grandis'' ***** Yucatan deer mouse, ''Peromyscus yucatanicus'' ***** Stirton's deer mouse, ''Peromyscus stirtoni'' ***** Transvolcanic deer mouse, ''Peromyscus hylocetes'' ***Genus ''

Reithrodontomys ''Reithrodontomys'' is the genus of groove-toothed New World harvest mice. Species This genus contains these species: *Baker's small-toothed harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys bakeri'' *Short-nosed harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys brevirostris'' * ...

'' - New World harvest mice **** Guerrero harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys bakeri'' ****

Short-nosed harvest mouse The short-nosed harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys brevirostris'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in Costa Rica and Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central A ...

, ''Reithrodontomys brevirostris'' **** Sonoran harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys burti'' **** Volcano harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys chrysopsis'' **** Chiriqui harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys creper'' **** Darien harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys darienensis'' ****

Fulvous harvest mouse The fulvous harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys fulvescens'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the United States. Description About 17 subspecies of ''R. fulves ...

, ''Reithrodontomys fulvescens'' ****

Slender harvest mouse The slender harvest mouse(''Reithrodontomys gracilis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. A small mouse-like rodent distributed throughout a portion Central America. Description The slender harvest mouse has short pale pelage. Uppe ...

, ''Reithrodontomys gracilis'' **** Hairy harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys hirsutus'' ****

Eastern harvest mouse The eastern harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys humulis'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is endemic to the Southeastern United States. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland ...

, ''Reithrodontomys humulis'' ****

Western harvest mouse The western harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys megalotis'') is a small neotomine mouse native to most of the western United States. Many authorities consider the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse to be a subspecies, but the two are now usually ...

, ''Reithrodontomys megalotis'' ****

Mexican harvest mouse The Mexican harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama in a variety of habitats at a ...

, ''Reithrodontomys mexicanus'' **** Small-toothed harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys microdon'' **** Plains harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys montanus'' ****'' Reithrodontomys musseri''New Species of Reithrodontomys, Subgenus Aporodon (Cricetidae: Neotominae), from the Highlands of Costa Rica, with Comments on Costa Rican and Panamanian Reithrodontomys /ref> **** Nicaraguan harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys paradoxus'' **** Salt marsh harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys raviventris'' **** Rodriguez's harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys rodriguezi'' **** Cozumel harvest mouse, ''Reithrodontomys spectabilis'' ****

Sumichrast's harvest mouse Sumichrast's harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys sumichrasti'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ...

, ''Reithrodontomys sumichrasti'' ****

Narrow-nosed harvest mouse The narrow-nosed harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys tenuirostris'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Guatemala and Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the sou ...

, ''Reithrodontomys tenuirostris'' ****

Zacatecas harvest mouse The Zacatecas harvest mouse (''Reithrodontomys zacatecae'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion o ...

, ''Reithrodontomys zacatecae'' ***Genus ''

Onychomys Grasshopper mice are rodents of the genus ''Onychomys'', occurring in North America. They feed on insects and other arthropods. Biology The three species in this genus of New World mice are only distantly related to the common house mouse, ''Mu ...

'' - grasshopper mice ****

Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse Mearns's grasshopper mouse or the Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse (''Onychomys arenicola'') is a grasshopper mouse found in southwestern New Mexico, West Texas, and north-central Mexico. They are similar to '' Onychomys torridus'', but differ in k ...

, ''Onychomys arenicola'' **** Northern grasshopper mouse, ''Onychomys leucogaster'' ****

Southern grasshopper mouse The southern grasshopper mouse or scorpion mouse (''Onychomys torridus'') is a species of predatory rodent in the family Cricetidae, native to Mexico and the states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah in the United States. Notab ...

, ''Onychomys torridus'' ***Genus '' Neotomodon'' ****

Mexican volcano mouse The Mexican volcano mouse (''Neotomodon alstoni'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae endemic to high elevation areas of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Taxonomy and systematics Merriam originally described the Mexican volcano mou ...

, ''Neotomodon alstoni'' ***Genus '' Podomys'' **** Florida mouse, ''Podomys floridanus'' ***Genus '' Isthmomys'' - isthmus rats **** Yellow isthmus rat, ''Isthmomys flavidus'' **** Mount Pirri isthmus rat, ''Isthmomys pirrensis'' ***Genus '' Megadontomys'' - giant deer mice **** Oaxaca giant deer mouse, ''Megadontomys cryophilus'' **** Nelson's giant deer mouse, ''Megadontomys nelsoni'' **** Thomas's giant deer mouse, ''Megadontomys thomasi'' ***Genus '' Habromys'' - deer mice **** Chinanteco deer mouse, ''Habromys chinanteco'' **** Delicate deer mouse, ''Habromys delicatulus'' **** Ixtlán deer mouse, ''Habromys ixtlani'' **** Zempoaltepec deer mouse, ''Habromys lepturus'' **** Crested-tailed deer mouse, ''Habromys lophurus'' ****''

Habromys schmidlyi ''Habromys schmidlyi'', sometimes known as Schmidly's deer mouse, is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found only in Mexico. Its natural habitat is cloud forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropic ...

'' **** Jico deer mouse, ''Habromys simulatus'' ***Genus '' Osgoodomys'' **** Michoacan deer mouse, ''Osgoodomys banderanus'' *Incertae sedis **'' Protorepomys'' **'' Tsaphanomys''

References

*Reeder, S. A., D. S. Carroll, C. W. Edwards, C. W. Kilpatrick, R. D. Bradley. 2006. Neotomine-peromyscine rodent systematics based on combined analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40:251-258. *Steppan, S. J., R. A. Adkins, and J. Anderson. 2004.

Phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological s ...

and

divergence da In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that operates on a vector field, producing a scalar field giving the quantity of the vector field's source at each point. More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of t ...

te estimates of rapid radiations in

muroid rodent The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, lemmings, gerbils, and many other relatives. Although the Muroidea originated in Eurasia, they occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except A ...

s based on multiple nuclear

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

s. Systematic Biology, 53:533-553. {{Taxonbar, from=Q135865 Mammal subfamilies

Taxonomy

See also

References