Neoclassical architecture in Poland
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Neoclassical architecture in Poland was centered on
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
under the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, while the modern concept of a single
capital city A capital city or capital is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational entity, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses t ...
was to some extent inapplicable in the decentralized
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi- confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ru ...
.
Classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthet ...
came to
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
in the 18th century as the result of French infiltrations into the Polish millieu. The best-known architects and artists who worked in Poland were Dominik Merlini,
Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer Johann Christian Kammsetzer or Jan Chrystian Kamsetzer ( Dresden, 1753 – 25 November 1795, Warsaw) was a Dresden-born architect who was active primarily in Poland. Life There is a record of Kammsetzer having attended the Dresden Academy of F ...
, Szymon Bogumił Zug,
Stanisław Zawadzki Stanisław Zawadzki (1743–1806) was a Polish architect, representative of late-baroque and classicism, inclined towards Palladian architecture and precursor of the empire (style), empire style in Polish architecture, Major General of the Army o ...
, Efraim Szreger,
Antonio Corazzi Antonio Corazzi (born 16 December 1792 in Livorno, died April 27 1877 in Florence) was an Italian architect working in Poland from 1819 to 1847, mainly in Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical style. Biography Antonio Corazzi was the son o ...
,
Jakub Kubicki Jakub Kubicki (1758–1833) was a renowned Polish classicist architect and designer. Biography Born in Warsaw in 1758, into a bourgeois family, Jakub Kubicki graduated from the Jesuit College, at the same time that he was taking lessons fr ...
, Hilary Szpilowski, Christian Piotr Aigner, Wawrzyniec Gucewicz, Bonifacy Witkowski and Danish Bertel Thorvaldsen. The first stage, called the ''Stanislavian style'', followed by an almost complete inhibition and a period known as the ''
Congress Kingdom Congress Poland, Congress Kingdom of Poland, or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state, a successor to Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. It w ...
classicism''. The palladian patterns were independently interpreted by Szymon Bogumił Zug, who followed an influence of radical French classicism. A palladian by influence was also Piotr Aigner - author of the facade of St. Anne's Church in Warsaw (1786-1788) and St. Alexander Church (1818-1826). Palladian ideas were implemented in a popular type of a palace with a pillared portico. The most famous buildings of the Stanislavian period include the Royal Castle in Warsaw, rebuilt by Dominik Merlini and Jan Christian Kamsetzer, Palace on the Water, Królikarnia and the palace in Jabłonna. Kamsetzer erected the Amphitheatre in the Royal Baths Park and the Warsaw palaces of the Raczyńskis and Tyszkiewiczs as well as the palace in Iskierniki. Among the most notable works by Szymon Bogumił Zug is a palace in
Natolin Natolin is a residential neighborhood in Ursynów, the southernmost district of Warsaw. Until the 1980s, Natolin and its neighbouring area Wolica, was a small village located right outside the city limits, with numerous orchards. After that it wa ...
and Holy Trinity Church and gardens: Solec, Powązki, Mokotów and Arcadia near Nieborów. From the period of the Congress Kingdom are Koniecpolski Palace and the St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw, the Temple of the Sibyl in
Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,4 ...
, rebuilding the
Łańcut Castle Łańcut Castle is a complex of historical buildings located in Łańcut, Poland. Historically the residence of the Pilecki, Lubomirski and Potocki families, the complex includes a number of buildings and is surrounded by a park. The castle i ...
. The leading figure in the Congress Kingdom was Antoni Corrazzi. Corazzi has created a complex of Bank Square in Warsaw, the edifices of the Treasury, Revenue and the Commission of Government, the building of the
Staszic Palace Staszic Palace ( pl, Pałac Staszica, ) is an edifice at ulica Nowy Świat 72, Warsaw, Poland. It is the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. History Origin The history of the Staszic Palace dates from 1620, when King Sigismund III of Poland ...
, Mostowski Palace and designed the Grand Theatre. Belvedere and Pawłowice were created by Jakub Kubicki, while Lubostroń and Dobrzyca by Stanisław Zawadzki. The notable town halls in
Łowicz Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 27,896 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999); previously, it was in Skierniewice Voivodeship (1975–1998). Together with a nearby station of Bednary, Łowicz is a ma ...
,
Płock Płock (pronounced ) is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, in the Masovian Voivodeship. According to the data provided by GUS on 31 December 2021, there were 116,962 inhabitants in the city. Its full ceremonial name, according to th ...
, Błonie,
Konin Konin (german: Kunau) is a city in central Poland, on the Warta River. It is the capital of Konin County and is located within the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Prior to 1999, it was the capital of the Konin Voivodeship (1975–1998). In 2021 the p ...
and
Aleksandrów Łódzki Aleksandrów Łódzki (; german: 1943–45 Wirkheim) is a town in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland. It is a part of the Łódź agglomeration. Aleksandrów Łódzki has an area of , and as of December 2021 it has a population of 21,789 ...
are dating back the first half of the nineteenth century.


Stanislavian classicism gallery

File:Poland Warsaw Łazienki Palace.jpg,
Łazienki Palace The Palace on the Isle ( pl, Pałac Na Wyspie), also known as Baths Palace ( pl, Pałac Łazienkowski), is a classicist palace in Warsaw's Royal Baths Park, the city's largest park, occupying over 76 hectares of the city center. From 1674 the pr ...
in Warsaw, 1764-1795 File:Pulawy palac marynki.jpg, Marynka Palace in
Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,4 ...
, 1790-1794 File:Warszawa-Królikarnia.jpg, Królikarnia Palace in Warsaw, 1782-1786 File:Lubostron Castle.jpg, Skórzewski Palace in
Lubostroń Lubostroń is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łabiszyn, within Żnin County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Łabiszyn, north-east of Żnin, and south of Bydgoszcz. T ...
, 1795-1800 File:Jabłonna Palace.png, Poniatowski Palace in Jabłonna, 1775-1779 File:Niezdow 01.jpg, Lubomirski Palace in Niezdów, 1776-1804 File:6 Warszawa Natolin 008.jpg, Potocki Palace in
Natolin Natolin is a residential neighborhood in Ursynów, the southernmost district of Warsaw. Until the 1980s, Natolin and its neighbouring area Wolica, was a small village located right outside the city limits, with numerous orchards. After that it wa ...
, 1780-1782 File:MZPP5.jpg, Gorzeński Palace in
Dobrzyca Dobrzyca is a town in Pleszew County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Dobrzyca. It lies approximately west of Pleszew, northeast of Jarocin, from Krotos ...
, 1795-1799 File:Warszawa kościół św. Trójcy 2009.jpg, Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, 1777-1782 File:Pulawy kosciol wniebowziecia nmp.jpg, Church of the Assumption of Mary in
Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,4 ...
, 1801-1803 File:Sybilla's Temple Pulawy.JPG, Sybil Temple in Puławy, 1798-1801 File:Arkadia aqueduct01.jpg, The Aqueduct in Arkadia ( Nieborów), 1784 File:Łazienki Wodozbiór okrąglak.jpg, Water Tower in the
Royal Baths Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a c ...
(Warsaw), 1777–1778 File:Panteon in Dobrzyca.jpg, Panteon in Dobrzyca, before 1806 File:6 Poznan 031.jpg, Działyński House in
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
, 1773-1776 File:Pałac Zbaraskich, Kraków.JPG, Zbaraski House in
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...
, 1777-1783 File:Siedlce Ratusz 03.JPG, Town Hall in
Siedlce Siedlce [] ( yi, שעדליץ ) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,354 inhabitants (). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city is situated b ...
, 1766-1769 File:Odwach Poznań.jpg, Guard Building in Poznań, 1783-1787


Congress Kingdom classicism gallery

File:Warszawa Pałac Prezydencki.jpg, Presidential Palace in Warsaw, 1818 File:Warszawa, ul. Nowy Świat 72-74 20170517 003.jpg,
Staszic Palace Staszic Palace ( pl, Pałac Staszica, ) is an edifice at ulica Nowy Świat 72, Warsaw, Poland. It is the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences. History Origin The history of the Staszic Palace dates from 1620, when King Sigismund III of Poland ...
in Warsaw, 1820-1823 File:Muranów Komenda 2009.jpg, Mostowski Palace in Warsaw, 1823-1824 File:Pulawy palac czartoryskich.jpg, Czartoryski Palace in
Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,4 ...
, 1840-1843 File:Warszawa Teatr Wielki.jpg, Great Theatre in Warsaw, 1825-1833 File:VarsaviaMunicipio.jpg, Commission Palace in Warsaw, 1823-1825 File:2007-07-20 Pomnik Słowackiego, Plac Bankowy, Warszawa.jpg, Ministry of Treasury in Warsaw, 1825-1828 File:Gmach Giełdy i Banku Polskiego w Warszawie 2022.jpg, Polish Bank in Warsaw, 1825-1828 File:Ratusz w Łowiczu.JPG, Town hall in
Łowicz Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 27,896 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Łódź Voivodeship (since 1999); previously, it was in Skierniewice Voivodeship (1975–1998). Together with a nearby station of Bednary, Łowicz is a ma ...
, 1825-1828 File:Ratusz-plock.jpg, Town hall in
Płock Płock (pronounced ) is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, in the Masovian Voivodeship. According to the data provided by GUS on 31 December 2021, there were 116,962 inhabitants in the city. Its full ceremonial name, according to th ...
, 1816-1827 File:5 Lublin 59.jpg, New town hall in Lublin, 1827-1828 File:2005-09 Łódź - pl. Wolności 1.jpg, City hall in
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of cant ...
, 1826-1827 File:St Alexander church in Warsaw.JPG, St. Alexander's Church in Warsaw, 1818-1825 File:3 Suwalki 01.jpg, St. Alexander's Church in
Suwałki Suwałki ( lt, Suvalkai; yi, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021). It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Suwałki ...
, 1820-1829 File:Brzóstków.JPG, St. John the Baptist's Church in Brzostków, 1839-1840 File:Cerkiew sw.Mikolaja.jpg, St. Nicholas Orthodox Cathedral in Białystok, 1843-1846 File:Józef Poniatowski Monument in Warsaw.PNG, Józef Poniatowski Monument in Warsaw, 1826-1827 File:Copernicus by Thorwaldsen Warsaw 02.jpg,
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw The Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw is one of the Polish capital's notable landmarks. It stands before the Staszic Palace, the seat of the Polish Academy of Sciences on '' Krakowskie Przedmieście''. Designed by Bertel Thorvaldsen in ...
, 1828-1830 File:Natolin - pomnik-sarkofag Natalii Sanguszkowej.jpg, Sarcophagus of Natalia Sanguszkowa in
Natolin Natolin is a residential neighborhood in Ursynów, the southernmost district of Warsaw. Until the 1980s, Natolin and its neighbouring area Wolica, was a small village located right outside the city limits, with numerous orchards. After that it wa ...
, 1830 File:Warszawaqw7.jpg, Sybil Temple in the
Saxon Garden The Saxon Garden ( pl, Ogród Saski) is a 15.5–hectare public garden in central ('' Śródmieście'') Warsaw, Poland, facing Piłsudski Square. It is the oldest public park in the city. Founded in the late 17th century, it was opened to the publ ...
(Warsaw), 1852-1854


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoclassical architecture in Poland
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
N N Neoclassical