Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph

spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s first described by

Eugène Simon Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4 ...

in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming its own family, it was considered part of "

Dipluridae The family Dipluridae, known as curtain-web spiders (or confusingly with other distantly related ones as funnel-web tarantulas) are a group of spiders in the infraorder Mygalomorphae, that have two pairs of booklungs, and chelicerae (fangs) that ...

Description

PSM V38 D201 Burrow of spider leptopelma cavicula

Nemesiidae are relatively large spiders with robust legs and a body that is nearly three times as long as it is wide. They are darkly colored, brown to black, though some have silvery hairs on their carapace. '' Atmetochilus'' females can grow over long. They live in burrows, often with a hinged trapdoor. This door is pushed up while the spider waits for passing prey. They rarely leave their burrows, catching prey and withdrawing as quickly as possible. Some of these burrows have a side tubes, but it is not certain whether ''

Sinopesa ''Sinopesa'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becoming ...

'' builds burrows at all.

Genera

, the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepts the following genera: *'' Amblyocarenum'' Simon, 1892 *''

Brachythele ''Brachythele'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before beco ...

'' Ausserer, 1871 — Europe, Cyprus *''

Calisoga ''Calisoga'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae, first described in 1937 by Ralph Vary Chamberlin Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, Ut ...

'' Chamberlin, 1937 — United States *'' Chaco'' Tullgren, 1905 — Argentina, Uruguay, Chile *'' Chilelopsis'' Goloboff, 1995 — Chile *''

Damarchilus ''Damarchilus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becomi ...

'' Siliwal, Molur & Raven, 2015 *'' Diplothelopsis'' Tullgren, 1905 — Argentina *'' Flamencopsis'' Goloboff, 1995 — Chile *'' Gravelyia'' Mirza & Mondal, 2018 — India *''

Hermachura ''Hermachura'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becom ...

'' Mello-Leitão, 1923 — Brazil *'' Iberesia'' Decae & Cardoso, 2006 — Africa, Europe *'' Longistylus'' Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 — Brazil *'' Lycinus'' Thorell, 1894 — Chile, Argentina, Brazil *'' Mexentypesa'' Raven, 1987 — Mexico *'' Nemesia'' Audouin, 1826 — Africa, Europe, Cuba, China *''

Neostothis ''Neostothis'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becom ...

'' Vellard, 1925 — Brazil *''

Prorachias ''Prorachias'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becom ...

'' Mello-Leitão, 1924 — Brazil *'' Psalistopoides'' Mello-Leitão, 1934 — Brazil *''

Pselligmus ''Pselligmus'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becom ...

'' Simon, 1892 — Brazil *'' Rachias'' Simon, 1892 — Brazil, Argentina *''

Raveniola ''Raveniola'' is a genus of spiders in the family Nemesiidae Nemesiidae, also known as funnel-web trapdoor spiders, is a family of mygalomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889, and raised to family status in 1985. Before becomin ...

'' Zonstein, 1987 — Asia *''

'' Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 — Asia Transferred to other families: *'' Acanthogonatus'' Karsch, 1880 → Pycnothelidae *'' Atmetochilus'' Simon, 1887 → Bemmeridae *'' Aname'' L. Koch, 1873 → Anamidae *''

Bayana Bayana is a historical town and the headquarters of Bayana tehsil in Bharatpur district of Rajasthan in India. Hindaun City is nearest city of Bayana - 33 km. It was the site of famous Important Battle of Bayana in 1527 between the Raj ...

'' Pérez-Miles, Costa & Montes de Oca, 2014 → Pycnothelidae *'' Chenistonia'' Hogg, 1901 → Anamidae *'' Damarchus'' Thorell, 1891 → Bemmeridae *'' Entypesa'' Simon, 1902 → Entypesidae *''

Hermacha ''Hermacha'' is a genus of mygalomorphae spiders in the family Entypesidae. It was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1889. Originally placed with the Ctenizidae, it was transferred to the funnel-web trapdoor spiders in 1985, then to t ...

'' Simon, 1889 → Entypesidae *'' Hesperonatalius'' Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 → Anamidae *'' Ixamatus'' Simon, 1887 →

Microstigmatidae Microstigmatidae is a small family of spiders with about 25 described species in eight genera. They are small ground-dwelling and free-living spiders that make little use of silk. The family was removed from the family Dipluridae in 1981. The su ...

*'' Kiama'' Main & Mascord, 1969 → Microstigmatidae *'' Kwonkan'' Main, 1983 → Anamidae *'' Lepthercus'' Purcell, 1902 → Entypesidae *'' Namea'' Raven, 1984 → Anamidae *'' Pionothele'' Purcell, 1902 → Pycnothelidae *'' Proshermacha'' Simon, 1908 → Anamidae *'' Pycnothele'' Chamberlin, 1917 → Pycnothelidae *'' Spiroctenus'' Simon, 1889 → Bemmeridae *'' Stanwellia'' Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 → Pycnothelidae *'' Stenoterommata'' Holmberg, 1881 → Pycnothelidae *'' Swolnpes'' Main & Framenau, 2009 → Anamidae *'' Teyl'' Main, 1975 → Anamidae *'' Teyloides'' Main, 1985 → Anamidae *'' Xamiatus'' Raven, 1981 → Microstigmatidae

Extinct genera

†'' Eodiplurina'' Petrunkevitch 1922 Florissant Formation, United States,

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', ...

Description

Genera

Extinct genera

See also

References

External links

Further reading