A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised

internet service provider An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise priva ...

dedicated to supporting the needs of the

research Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness ...

and

education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...

communities within a country. It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed

backbone network A backbone or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same buildin ...

, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects. In recent years NRENs have developed many 'above the net' services.

List of NRENs by geographic area

East and Southern Africa

UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking :''UbuntuNet Alliance is not to be confused with Ubuntu Linux'' UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking (also known as UbuntuNet Alliance) is the regional Research and Education Network of Eastern and Southern Africa. It was foun ...

- the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa * Eb@le - DRC NREN *

EthERNet Ethernet () is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1 ...

- Ethiopian NREN *

iRENALA The Research and Education Network for Academic and Learning Activities (iRENALA) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Madagascar. iRENALA was incorporated in June 2012 as an association under Malagasy law. It ...

- Malagasy NREN *

KENET KENET, Kenya Education Network, is Kenya's National research and education network A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider dedicated to supporting the needs of the research and education commun ...

- Kenyan NREN * MAREN - Malawian NREN * MoRENet - Mozambican NREN * RENU - Ugandan NREN * RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN * SomaliREN - Somali NREN
SudREN
- Sudanese NREN *

TENET A tenet is a synonym for axiom, one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based. Tenet may also refer to: Media * Tenet (band), a heavy metal band * TENET (ensemble), an American early music vocal and instrumental group * ''Tenet'' ( ...

SANReN SANReN (South African National Research Network) is the project to create a new National Research and Education Network in South Africa. However, unlike most other NRENs, SANReN will provide its clients with both connectivity to the world's re ...

- South African NREN * TERNET - Tanzanian NREN *

Xnet Xnet (former eXgae) is a non-profit activist platform that develops and promotes alternative models for cultural dissemination and Royalties, royalty management and work in different fields related to digital rights, networked democracy and free ...

- Namibian NREN * ZAMREN - Zambian NREN

North Africa

ASREN
- Arab States Research and Education Network * TUREN - Tunisian NREN *

MARWAN Marwan, Merwan or Mervan ( ar, مروان ''marwān''), is an Arabic male given name derived from the word ''marū/ maruw'' (مرو) with the meaning of either minerals, "flint(-stone)", "quartz" or "a hard stone of nearly pure silica". However, ...

- Moroccan NREN * ENREN - Egyptian NREN
ARN (Algeria)
- Algerian NREN * SudREN - Sudanese NREN
SomaliREN
- Somali NREN

West and Central Africa

WACREN
- West and Central African Research and Education Network
GARNET
- Ghanaian NREN
TogoRER
- Togolese NREN
GhREN
- Ghanaian NREN * MaliREN - Mali NREN
Niger-REN
- Nigerien NREN * RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN * SnRER - Senegalese NREN
NgREN
- Nigerian NREN
Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network
- Nigerian NREN * LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network

Asia Pacific

APAN Apan is a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 346.9 km². Overview As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 39,247. It was an important site in the W ...

- Asia-Pacific Advanced Network *

AARNet AARNet (Australian Academic and Research Network) provides Internet services to the Australian education and research communities and their research partners. AARNet built the Internet in Australia. In 1995, the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Co ...

- Australian NREN * AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN * BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN * CSTNET - China Science and Technology Network * CERNET - China Education and Research Network *

ERNET The Education and Research Network (ERNET) is an autonomous scientific society of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India. ERNET has made a significant contribution to the emergence of networking in the count ...

- Indian NREN * HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
KOREN
- Korean NREN
KREONET
Korean NREN
IDREN
- Indonesian NREN *

LEARN Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of l ...

- Sri Lankan NREN * SINET - Japanese NREN
MYREN
- Malaysian NREN * NKN - Indian NREN
NREN
- Nepal NREN
NREN
- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN * REANNZ - New Zealand NREN *

PERN ''Dragonriders of Pern'' is a science fantasy series written primarily by American author Anne McCaffrey, who initiated it in 1967. Beginning in 2003, her middle child Todd McCaffrey has written Pern novels, both solo and jointly with Anne. T ...

- Pakistani NREN * PREGINET - Philippine NREN * SingAREN - Singaporean NREN * TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
UniNet
- Thai NREN * VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
CamREN
Cambodia NREN
TEIN
- Trans Eurasia Information Network

North America

* United States – although advocated since the 1980s, the U.S. does not have one single NREN. : * Canada :

Latin America

New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA

RedCLARA RedCLARA: the Latin American space for collaboration and development in education, science and innovation CLARA (''Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation'' in English, ''Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas'', in Spanish, the ...

- Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
Innova-Red
- Argentinian NREN *

ADSIB {{unreferenced, date=November 2014 The Agency for the Development of the Information Society (ADSIB) is a Bolivian government agency that works with the promotion of ICT policies, in areas such as e-health, e-learning, e-commerce and e-government ...

- Bolivian NREN * RNP - Brazilian NREN
REUNA
- Chilean NREN
RENATA
- Colombian NREN
RedCONARE
- Costa Rican NREN
CEDIA
- Ecuadorian NREN *

RAICES The Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES) is a nonprofit organization based in Texas that aims to provide legal services for immigrants. , it was the largest legal aid group of its kind in Texas. RAICES also runs ...

- El Salvadoran NREN * RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN *

Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana The Central American Technological University ( es, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana) (UNITEC) is a private coeducational institution with campuses in the three main cities of Honduras: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and La Ceiba. Histor ...

(UNITEC) - Honduran NREN *

CUDI The University Corporation for Internet Development ( es, Corporación Universitaria para el Desarrollo de Internet; CUDI) is a non-profit consortium to build and operate a Mexican high-performance backbone network for research and education, some ...

- Mexican NREN * RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN * RedCyT - Panamanian NREN * Arandu - Paraguayan NREN * RAAP - Peruvian NREN * RAU - Uruguayan NREN * REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN

Caribbean

* C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN * TTRENT - Trinidad and Tobago NREN * JREN - Jamaica NREN * RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic

Europe

European Academic and Research Network The European Academic and Research Network (EARN) was a computer network connecting universities and research institutions across Europe, and was connected in 1983 via transatlantic circuits and a gateway funded by IBM to BITNET, its peer in the Un ...

GÉANT GÉANT is the pan- European data network for the research and education community. It interconnects national research and education networks (NRENs) across Europe, enabling collaboration on projects ranging from biological science, to earth o ...

- Develops and maintains the

backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly

DANTE Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ' ...

and

TERENA The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, ) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally ...

. * CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association * Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
ANA
Albanian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian NREN *

ACOnet ACOnet is the name of the national research and education network in Austria. The ACONET association promotes the development and use of that network. ACOnet is not managed and operated by ACONET, but by a unit in the Computing Centre of the Univ ...

- Austrian NREN
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN * BASNET - Belarus NREN *

Belnet Belnet (the Belgian National research and education network) is a Belgian internet provider for educational institutions, research centres, scientific institutes and government services. Since 1993, BELNET provides web services to higher educati ...

- Belgian NREN *

BREN The Bren gun was a series of light machine guns (LMG) made by Britain in the 1930s and used in various roles until 1992. While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry LMG in World War II, it was also use ...

- Bulgarian NREN * CESNET - Czech NREN * CARNET - Croatian NREN * CYNET - Cypriot NREN *

SURFnet SURF is an organization that develops, implements and maintains the national research and education network (NREN) of the Netherlands, It operates the national research network formally called SURFnet. SURF as a network is a backbone computer net ...

- Dutch NREN * EENet - Estonian NREN * RENATER - French NREN *

Deutsches Forschungsnetz Deutsches Forschungsnetz ("German Research Network"), usually abbreviated to DFN, is the German national research and education network (NREN) used for academic and research purposes. It is managed by the scientific community organized in the volu ...

(DFN) - German NREN * GRENA - Georgian NREN * GRNET - Greek NREN * KIFU/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN * HEAnet - Irish NREN * GARR - Italian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN *

SigmaNet SigmaNet is the Academic Network Laboratory of the University of Latvia Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science. It is also the Latvian NREN (National Research and Education Network), providing Internet services for the academic community ...

- Latvian NREN *

LITNET LITNET is Lithuanian Research and Education Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo. LITNET NOC is located in Kaunas University of Technology Kaunas University of Technol ...

- Lithuanian NREN *

RESTENA RESTENA (''Réseau Téléinformatique de l'Education Nationale et de la Recherche'') is the high-speed network for the education and research community of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. The network has been operational since 1989 and connected t ...

- Luxembourg NREN * MARNET - Macedonian NREN
RiċerkaNet
- Maltese NREN * RENAM - Moldovian NREN * MREN - Montenegro NREN * PIONIER (PSNC) - Polish NREN * FCCN - Portuguese NREN *

RoEduNet RoEduNet is a Romanian educational and research network NREN, member of the European research and education network GÉANT. The network is under the administration of the Administration Agency of the National Network for Education and Informatics ...

- Romanian NREN *

RUNNet RUNNet (Russian university network) was established in 1994 on the initiative of the State University of Fine Mechanics and Optics by the State Committee of Higher Education as a very important branch of the Russian Universities program. In the ...

- Russian NREN * AMRES - Serbian NREN *

ARNES Arnes may refer to: * ARNES, Academic and Research Network of Slovenia * Arnes, Manitoba, Canada ** Arnes Airport, located northeast of Arnes, Manitoba, Canada * Arnes, Terra Alta, a town in Catalonia, Spain * Årnes, the administrative centr ...

- Slovenian NREN * SANET - Slovakian NREN * RedIRIS - Spanish NREN *

SWITCH In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of ...

- Swiss NREN * ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
URAN
- Ukrainian NREN *

Jisc Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit company that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education institutions and research as well as not-for-profits and the public sector. History T ...

- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the

Janet Janet may refer to: Names * Janet (given name) * Janet (French singer) (1939–2011) Surname * Charles Janet (1849–1932), French engineer, inventor and biologist, known for the Left Step periodic table * Jules Janet (1861–1945), French psych ...

network
KREN
- Kosovo NREN

Nordic countries

NORDUnet NORDUnet is an international collaboration between the National research and education networks in the Nordic countries. Members The members of NORDUnet are: * SUNET of Sweden * UNINETT of Norway * FUNET of Finland * Forskningsnettet o ...

- Nordic backbone network ** DeiC - Danish NREN **

FUNET FUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities. It is governed by the state-owned CSC – IT Center for S ...

- Finnish NREN **

RHnet RHnet is the Icelandic Educational and Research Network. Its objective is to link together Icelandic universities and research institutions by means of a high capacity computer network, and supply services in the field of computer communications, ...

- Icelandic NREN **

SUNET SUNET is the Swedish University Computer Network. SUNET provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Sweden. The current incarnation of the network, Sunet C, provides 100 Gbit/s links between the cities hosting universities. It r ...

- Swedish NREN ** UNINETT - Norwegian NREN

Middle East

* /www.maeen.sa MaeenSaudi Arabia NREN * Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone * ANKABUT UAE NREN * OMREN Omani NREN * IUCC - Israeli NREN * JUnet Jordanian NREN * IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN * PALNREN Palestinian NREN * Lebanon * Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority * QNREN - Qatar NREN * HIAST Syrian NREN

Central Asia

- Russian University Network, Russian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN * BASNET UNIBEL Belarus * GRENA - Georgian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN * TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN * UZSCINET - Uzbekistan NREN

References

External links

Terena Compendium

Research and Education Networking FAQ
{{Authority control * Higher education Internet terminology Research and development organizations