Narsaq is a town in the Kujalleq

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the ...

in southern

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ...

. The name ''Narsaq'' is

Kalaallisut Kalaallisut may refer to: * Greenlandic language * West Greenlandic West Greenlandic ( da, vestgrønlandsk), also known as Kalaallisut, is the primary language of Greenland and constitutes the Greenlandic language, spoken by the vast majority of ...

for "Plain", referring to the shore of Tunulliarfik Fjord where the town is located.

History

People have lived in the area for thousands of years, but not continuously. Remains of the Norse settlement can be found in the area. The church ruins of

Dyrnæs Dyrnæs was a Norse settlement in Eastern Settlement in Greenland. It was located to the north of modern-day Narsaq. History According to Ívar Bárðarson, Dyrnæs was one of the largest parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Chr ...

can be found on the north-western outskirts of the town. The Landnám homestead, ''Landnamsgaarden'', can be found immediately to the west of the town. Dated to the year 1000, the homestead is among the oldest of the Norse ruins in the area. Excavation of the ruins began in 1953 with the discovery of the

Narsaq stick The Narsaq stick is a pine twig inscribed with runic symbols dating to ca. 1000. The stick was discovered in Narsaq in Greenland in 1953 and was quickly seen as a significant find, as it was the first Viking Age runic inscription discovered in Gre ...

, the first

Viking Age The Viking Age () was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It followed the Migration Period and the Germ ...

runic inscription discovered in Greenland. The wider Narsaq area has some of the most striking Norse artefacts and ruins.

Erik the Red Erik Thorvaldsson (), known as Erik the Red, was a Norse explorer, described in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. He most likely earned the epithet "the Red" due to the color of his hair ...

's Brattahlid is located in present-day Qassiarsuk, and the Gardar bishop seat is in present-day Igaliku. Present day Narsaq was founded as Nordprøven ("North Prøven") in 1830, distinguishing it from Sydprøven ("South Prøven", modern

Alluitsup Paa Alluitsup Paa (old spelling prior to the orthography reform in 1973: ''Agdluitsup pâ'') is a village in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. Alluitsup Paa had 202 residents in 2020. Presently, the community's religious activities tak ...

) established the same year. The initial settlement was founded as a trading colony of Qaqortoq, then named Julianehaab. A trading center was established here due to the natural deep water harbor which could accommodate ocean faring vessels, . Initially local seal hunters traded blubber and seal skin for continental goods, such as coffee, sugar, bread and buckwheat. Until approximately 1900 seal hunting formed the main economy for Narsaq. In the early 1900s seal hunting began to fail, and the main basis for the economy gradually shifted to fishing. The city's historical fishing village is from 1914. The main house of the historical village today houses the power company in the city.

Simiutak Simiutaq, old spelling Simiutak, is an uninhabited island in the Kujalleq municipality in southwestern Greenland. During the Second World War and after Simiutak was the site of a U.S. Navy facility code-named 'Bluie West 3'. Geography Simiutaq ...

at the Skovfjord mouth near Narsaq was a HF/DF radio range finding station called '' Bluie West Three'' during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

. The station commenced operations in January 1942, and was permanently staffed until the end of the war. The population also increased during this period, from 25 in 1870, to 162 in 1919, and to 300 in 1930. However the settlement did not experience significant population growth until 1953, when its first prawn and fishing factory of

Royal Greenland Royal Greenland A/S is a fishing company in Greenland, spun off from Kalaallit Niuerfiat in 1990 but still wholly owned by the Government of Greenland. The company operates in a number of towns and settlements in Greenland, with 20 fish process ...

was established. The factory was subsequently closed in 2010. In 1959 the population exceeded 600, and Narsaq achieved town status,. With 1,346 inhabitants as of 2020, it is the ninth-largest town in Greenland. Several hundred people live in the surrounding community. The town is notable for the 1990

Narsaq massacre The Narsaq massacre was a mass shooting on 1 January 1990, during a party in Narsaq, a southern Greenland town in the municipality of Kujalleq, south of the island's capital of Nuuk. Seven people were killed and one was critically wounded ...

, a mass shooting where seven people were killed and one was wounded. The shooting was the worst in Greenland's history. Until December 31, 2008, the town was the administrative center of Narsaq Municipality in the

Kitaa Kitaa, originally Vestgrønland ("West Greenland"), is a former administrative division of Greenland. It was by far the most populated of the divisions, being home to almost 90% of the total population. The divisions were de facto replaced by st ...

amt. In addition to the town, the municipality consisted of the Qassiarsuk, Igaliku and Narsarsuaq settlements, as well as several sheep and reindeer farms. On January 1, 2009, Narsaq became part of Kujalleq municipality, when the Kitaa amt, as well as the municipalities of Narsaq,

Qaqortoq Qaqortoq, formerly Julianehåb, is a city in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland, located near Cape Thorvaldsen. With a population of 3,050 in 2020, it is the most populous town and the municipal capital in southern Greenland and the ...

, and Nanortalik ceased to exist as administrative entities.

Economy

Fishing

Fishing is the mainstay of the local economy. Local fjords are full of marine life, including

whales Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. As an informal and colloquial grouping, they correspond to large members of the infraorder Cetacea, i.e. all cetaceans apart from dolphins and ...

salmon Salmon () is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the family Salmonidae, which are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (genus '' Salmo'') and North Pacific (genus '' Onco ...

, and seals.

Sheep farming

Uniquely in Greenland, farming is possible on the plains to the north of the town, with several actively maintained arable fields. Of the 53 registered sheep farms in Greenland, 31 are located in the Narsaq area. The farms produce meat for domestic consumption, and the Narsaq slaughterhouse Neqi A/S, a wholly owned subsidiary of KNI, is the only slaughterhouse in the country. The sheep farming area of Tasiusaq is located in former Norse area.

Tourism

The third major part of the economy is tourism. South Greenland has experienced a decline in tourist revenue in recent years, but tourism still supports a significant percentage of the viable workforce. Popular activities include

hiking Hiking is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century.AMATO, JOSEPH A. "Mind over Foot: Romantic Walking and Rambling." In ''On Foot: A Histor ...

, fishing, collecting rare minerals and taking boat trips to the ice cap.

Services and infrastructure

Today Narsaq has a town hall, two supermarkets, a church, a police station, a firestation, a primary school, several educational facilities, an internet café, a hospital, and several small shops. Greenland's first brewery, Greenland Brewhouse, was established in Narsaq in 2004. The town hospital is housed in a two-storey building and has 14 beds. The town health services also include a dental clinic. Narsaq church was designed by local carpenter Pavia Høegh in 1927. The church was refurbished and expanded in 1981. The only Food Science College in the country is located in Narsaq. The school, INUILI, is the main education center for chefs in Greenland, and it has a staff of 20.

Transport

Air

Narsaq Heliport operates year-round, linking Narsaq with Qaqortoq on the shores of

Labrador Sea The Labrador Sea (French: ''mer du Labrador'', Danish: ''Labradorhavet'') is an arm of the North Atlantic Ocean between the Labrador Peninsula and Greenland. The sea is flanked by continental shelves to the southwest, northwest, and northeast. It ...

, and thus with Arctic Umiaq off-season route endpoint. It also links Narsaq with the large Narsarsuaq Airport, and indirectly with the rest of Greenland and Europe.

Sea

The harbor of Narsaq is a natural coastal harbor with steep depth. Narsaq is a port of call for the Arctic Umiaq Line coastal ship in the summer season. The port can accommodate deep seagoing vessels due to the steep depth of the shore. The port authority for Narsaq is Royal Arctic Line, located in

Nuuk Nuuk (; da, Nuuk, formerly ) is the capital and largest city of Greenland, a constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark. Nuuk is the seat of government and the country's largest cultural and economic centre. The major cities from other coun ...

. Port pilotage is available upon request, and is recommended.

Land

In contrast to the rest of Greenland, the wider Narsaq area has a relatively extensive network of traversable dirt and gravel roads, totalling over 120 kilometers and requiring DKK 500,000 annually for service. The longest stretch of road envelopes the northern end of Tunulliarfik Fjord, and connects the sheep farms of Qassiarsuk with the airport of Narsarsuaq. The roads are generally of poor construction, lacking crossfall for drainage, and using softer sandstone instead of harder granite, creating severe dust problems in the summer. For general transportation all-terrain vehicles are recommended. During winter

dog sled A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow. Numerous types of sleds are used, depending on their function. They can be used for dog sled racing. Traditionally in Greenland and th ...

routes are important transport links to the surrounding area.

Population

With 1,346 inhabitants , Narsaq is the second-largest town in the Kujalleq municipality. The population has decreased 25% relative to the 1990 levels, and has been decreasing over the last several years. Most towns and settlements in southern Greenland exhibit negative growth patterns over the last two decades, with many settlements rapidly depopulating. Statistics Greenland
Population in localities
/ref> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1334 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:50 bottom:50 right:50 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:1300 till:1900 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:1300 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:20 start:1300 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:38 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1991 from:start till:1830 text:"1,830" bar:1992 from:start till:1742 text:"1,742" bar:1993 from:start till:1740 text:"1,740" bar:1994 from:start till:1753 text:"1,753" bar:1995 from:start till:1781 text:"1,781" bar:1996 from:start till:1737 text:"1,737" bar:1997 from:start till:1709 text:"1,709" bar:1998 from:start till:1725 text:"1,725" bar:1999 from:start till:1702 text:"1,702" bar:2000 from:start till:1708 text:"1,708" bar:2001 from:start till:1728 text:"1,728" bar:2002 from:start till:1693 text:"1,693" bar:2003 from:start till:1699 text:"1,699" bar:2004 from:start till:1705 text:"1,705" bar:2005 from:start till:1764 text:"1,764" bar:2006 from:start till:1723 text:"1,723" bar:2007 from:start till:1691 text:"1,691" bar:2008 from:start till:1668 text:"1,668" bar:2009 from:start till:1627 text:"1,627" bar:2010 from:start till:1604 text:"1,604" bar:2011 from:start till:1598 text:"1,598" bar:2012 from:start till:1581 text:"1,581" bar:2013 from:start till:1503 text:"1,503" bar:2014 from:start till:1514 text:"1,514" bar:2015 from:start till:1528 text:"1,528" bar:2016 from:start till:1492 text:"1,492" bar:2017 from:start till:1397 text:"1,397" bar:2018 from:start till:1365 text:"1,365" bar:2019 from:start till:1374 text:"1,374"

Climate

Narsaq has a

tundra climate The tundra climate is a polar climate sub-type located in high latitudes and high mountains. undra climate https://www.britannica.com/science/tundra-climateThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019 It is classified as ET according to Köppen ...

( ET) moderated by the

Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the Unit ...

, with cool summers and cold winters.

Twin towns

Narsaq is twinned with: * Gladsaxe, Denmark *

Vigo Vigo ( , , , ) is a city and municipality in the province of Pontevedra, within the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. Located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it sits on the southern shore of an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, the ...

, Spain * Akureyri, Iceland

References

{{Settlements in Greenland Populated places in Greenland Populated places established in 1830 1830 establishments in Greenland