Nanzhuangtou (, ''Nánzhuāngtóu''), dated to 12,600–11,300

cal BP Before Present (BP) years, or "years before present", is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Becaus ...

Kuzmin, Yaroslav V
"Chronology of the earliest pottery in East Asia: progress and pitfalls"
ANTIQUITY-OXFORD- 80, no. 308 (2006): 362. or 11,500–11,000 cal BP,Xiaoyan Yang, Zhiwei Wan, Linda Perry, Houyuan Lu, Qiang Wang, Chaohong Zhao, Jun Li, Fei Xie, Jincheng Yu, Tianxing Cui, Tao Wang, Mingqi Li, and Quansheng G
"Early millet use in northern China"
''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' 2012 vol 109 (10) pp. 3726–3730. roughly 9,500–9,000 BC, or 10,700–9,500 BP, roughly 8,700–7,500 BC, is an Initial Neolithic site near

Lake Baiyangdian Baiyang Lake, also known as Lake Baiyangdian, is located in the Xiong'an New Area of Baoding, a prefecture-level city in Hebei Province, China. It is the largest freshwater lake in northern China. It is referred to as the Kidney of North China. ...

in Xushui County,

Hebei Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

. The site was discovered under a

peat bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...

. Over 47 pieces of

pottery Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other ceramic materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form. Major types include earthenware, stoneware and ...

were discovered at the site. Nanzhuangtou is also the earliest Neolithic site yet discovered in northern

. There is evidence that the people at Nanzhuangtou had

domestic dogs The dog (''Canis familiaris'' or ''Canis lupus familiaris'') is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from the extinct Pleistocene wolf, and the modern wolf is the dog's nearest living relative. D ...

10,000 years ago.''Archaeology of Asia'', pp. 124 Stone grinding slabs and rollers and bone artifacts were also discovered at the site. It is one of the earliest sites showing evidence of

millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets a ...

cultivation dating to 10,500 BP. Pottery can also be dated to 10,200 BP. The site was discovered in 1986, when a cultural layer of unearthed animal

bone A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, ...

charcoal Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents. In the traditional version of this pyrolysis process, ...

, and

stone tools A stone tool is, in the most general sense, any tool made either partially or entirely out of stone. Although stone tool-dependent societies and cultures still exist today, most stone tools are associated with prehistoric (particularly Stone Ag ...

was discovered. The layer was 180 centimeters below the ground, which is covered with lake deposits such as thick black and gray silt clay. Three archeological excavations have been carried out so far by institutions such as the Department of Archaeology in

Peking University Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charte ...

, the Department of History in

Hebei University Hebei University () is a public comprehensive university in Baoding, Hebei Province, China. The university has an estimated student population of 33,000, including 6,100 full-time postgraduates and 26,900 full-time undergraduates. History The un ...

, the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics, and other cultural institutions in the city and county level. The Early Neolithic period ( 7,000 BC- 5,000 BC) succeeds Nanzhuangtou, and is characterized by the rise of farming villages across the alluvial plains of China, as seen in the site of Peiligang.

References

* http://www.doc88.com/p-3387746549380.html

Citations

Bibliography

*Allan, Sarah (ed), ''The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective'', * Liu, Li. ''The Chinese Neolithic: Trajectories to Early States'', *Sagart, Laurent, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas (eds), ''The Peopling of East Asia'' * Stark, Miriam T. (ed), ''Archaeology of Asia'', *Yang, Xiaoyan et al., ''Early millet use in northern China,'' Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 109 no. 10, 3726–3730, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1115430109 Archaeological sites in China Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Hebei Former populated places in China Populated places established in the 9th millennium BC {{PRChina-struct-stub