The Multi-source hypothesis is a proposed solution to the

synoptic problem The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are referred to as the synoptic Gospels because they include many of the same stories, often in a similar sequence and in similar or sometimes identical wording. They stand in contrast to John, whose c ...

, holding that Matthew,

Mark Mark may refer to: In the Bible * Mark the Evangelist (5–68), traditionally ascribed author of the Gospel of Mark * Gospel of Mark, one of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic gospels Currencies * Mark (currency), a currenc ...

, and

Luke Luke may refer to: People and fictional characters * Luke (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Luke (surname), including a list of people with the name * Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luk ...

are not directly interdependent but have each drawn from a distinct combination of earlier documents. It encompasses a family of theories differing in the particulars of the nature and relationships of these earlier documents. An early form of the theory was proposed by Herbert Marsh over two centuries ago. More recently, Marie-Émile Boismard proposed a structurally similar theory, which was further developed by Philippe Rolland and Delbert Burkett. Alan Kirk and Christopher Skinner have critiqued Burkett’s model for the Synoptic Problem. According to these theories, the common material among the three synoptic gospels ultimately derives from a proto-gospel somewhat like Mark. This proto-gospel underwent two independent revisions, ''A'' and ''B''. Mark was formed by recombining these two revisions. Matthew built upon ''A'' and Luke upon ''B''. Both Matthew and Luke also drew from a common source '' Q'', as well as other sources for their unique material.

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* (translated by Lorraine Caza, Robert Beck and Francis Martin) * * * Synoptic problem Hypotheses {{bible-stub

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