Career
The son of Muqatil ibn Hakim al-Akki, a supporter of the Abbasid Revolution, Muhammad himself was a foster brother of the caliph Harun al-Rashid (r. 786–809). In 797 Harun appointed him to Ifriqiya, as a replacement for Harthama ibn A'yan, Harthamah ibn A'yan. Arriving at the provincial capital Kairouan, al-Qayrawan in late October or early November, his administration quickly ran into problems due to his bad conduct, and his relations with the ''jund'' (local army) soon became strained. Eventually a rebellion led by Makhlad ibn Murrah al-Azdi and supported by members of the ''jund'' and the local Berber peoples, Berbers broke out, but Muhammad dispatched an army which defeated the rebels and killed Makhlad. In October 799 a new revolt led by Tammam ibn Tamim al-Tamimi was launched in Tunis and quickly gathered a large degree of support. As the rebels marched toward al-Qayrawan, Muhammad went out to meet them, but he was defeated and forced to retreat back into the city. Tammam, however, continued his advance and entered al-Qayrawan. Muhammad was given a guarantee of safety by the rebels on the condition that he departed from Ifriqiya; accepting the arrangement, he departed and made his way to Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli. Shortly after his exile, Muhammad received a letter from Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab, Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab, the governor of Biskra Province, the Zab, informing him that he had expelled Tammam from al-Qayrawan and inviting him to return to the province; Muhammad consequently was able to resume his governorship. A fresh attempt was soon made by Tammam, who had fled to Tunis, to overthrow Muhammad, but Ibrahim defeated him again and gained his submission. Muhammad's restored rule over Ifriqiya did not last for long. His continuing unpopularity among his subjects led to Ibrahim writing to Harun al-Rashid, telling him of the hatred for Muhammad and asking to be appointed over Ifriqiya in exchange for certain financial guarantees. Harun granted this request; Muhammad was dismissed and Ibrahim became the first governor of the Aghlabid dynasty.See also
* Umar ibn Hafs Hazarmard * Yazid ibn Hatim al-Muhallabi * Isa ibn MusaNotes
References
* * * * * {{s-end Abbasid governors of Ifriqiya 8th-century births 9th-century deaths 8th-century Arabs 8th-century people from Ifriqiya