Morley Callaghan

Edward Morley Callaghan (February 22, 1903 – August 25, 1990) was a Canadian novelist, short story writer, playwright, and TV and radio personality.

Biography

Of Canadian/English-immigrant parentage,Clara Thomas, ''Canadian Novelists 1920-1945'', Longmans, Green and Company, Toronto, 1946 p. 17-18 Callaghan was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. He was educated at Withrow PS, Riverdale Collegiate Institute, the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall Law School. He articled and was called to the Bar, but did not practice law. During the 1920s he worked at the ''Toronto Star'' where he became friends with a fellow reporter Ernest Hemingway, formerly of ''The Kansas City Star''. Callaghan began writing stories that were well received and soon were recognized as one of the best short story writers of the day. In 1929 he spent some months in Paris, where he was part of the great gathering of writers in Montparnasse that included Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and James Joyce.

He recalled this time in his 1963 memoir, ''That Summer in Paris''. In the book, he discusses the famous boxing match between himself and Hemingway wherein Callaghan took up Hemingway's challenge to a bout. While in Paris, the pair had been regular sparring partners at the American Club of Paris. Being a better boxer, Callaghan knocked Hemingway to the mat. The blame was centered on referee F. Scott Fitzgerald's lack of attention on the stopwatch as he let the boxing round go past its regulation three minutes. An infuriated Hemingway was angry at Fitzgerald; Hemingway and Fitzgerald had an often caustic relationship and Hemingway was convinced that Fitzgerald let the round go longer than normal to see Hemingway humiliated by Callaghan. Both principals involved confirm the match took place, but there is a disagreement between them as to how badly Hemingway was beaten. See ''That Summer in Paris'', and ''Hemingway's Letters: To Max Perkins, 28 Aug 1929; to Fitzgerald, 12 Dec 1929; and to Mizener, 04 Jan 1951''. This boxing match could not have taken place at the American Club of Paris; since its founding in 1904, the American Club of Paris has never had a clubhouse, so it would have been impossible for the fight to have taken place there. It could have been at Pershing Hall on the rue Pierre Charron, also known at the time as the American Soldiers and Sailors Club. A more likely candidate, however, is the basement of the United States Students' and Artists' Club on the boulevard Raspail in the Montparnasse area, much closer to where both Callaghan and Hemingway lived.

Callaghan's novels and short stories are marked by undertones of Roman Catholicism, often focusing on individuals whose essential characteristic is a strong but often weakened sense of self. His first novel was ''Strange Fugitive'' (1928); several short stories, novellas, and novels followed. Callaghan published little between 1937 and 1950 - an artistically dry period. However, during these years, many non-fiction articles were written in various periodicals such as ''New World'' (Toronto), and ''National Home Monthly''. ''Luke Baldwin's Vow'', a slim novel about a boy and his dog, was originally published in a 1947 edition of ''Saturday Evening Post'' and soon became a juvenile classic read in school rooms around the world. ''The Loved and the Lost'' (1951) won the Governor General's Award. Callaghan's later works include, among others, ''The Many Colored Coat'' (1960), ''A Passion in Rome'' (1961), ''A Fine and Private Place'' (1975), ''A Time for Judas'' (1983), ''Our Lady of the Snows'' (1985). His last novel was ''A Wild Old Man Down the Road'' (1988). Publications of short stories have appeared in ''The Lost and Found Stories of Morley Callaghan'' (1985) and in ''The New Yorker Stories'' (2001). The four-volume ''The Complete Stories'' (2003) collects for the first time 90 of his stories.

Callaghan was also a contributor to ''The New Yorker'', ''Harper's Bazaar'', ''Maclean's'', ''Esquire'', ''Cosmopolitan'', ''Saturday Evening Post'', ''Yale Review'', ''New World'', ''Performing Arts in Canada'', and ''Twentieth Century Literature''.

Callaghan married Loretto Dee, with whom he had two sons: Michael (born November 1931) and Barry (born 1937), a poet and author in his own right. Barry Callaghan's memoir ''Barrelhouse Kings'' (1998), examines his career and that of his father. After outliving most of his contemporaries, Callaghan died after a brief illness in Toronto at the age of 87. He was interred in Mount Hope Catholic Cemetery in Ontario.

Recognition

Callaghan was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's Lorne Pierce Medal in 1960. In 1982 he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.

Morley Callaghan is the subject of a CBC Television '' Life and Times'' episode, and the CBC mini-series, ''Hemingway Vs. Callaghan'', which first aired in March 2003.

From 1951 until he died in 1990, the author had lived in the Rosedale, Toronto area, at 20 Dale Avenue. A historic plaque at the nearby Glen Road footbridge summarizes Callaghan's noteworthy writing career and the most significant of his literary contemporaries, including Ernest Hemingway and F Scott Fitzgerald.

Commemorative postage stamp

On September 8, 2003, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the National Library of Canada, Canada Post released a special commemorative series, "The Writers of Canada", with a design by Katalina Kovats, featuring two English-Canadian and two French-Canadian stamps. Three million stamps were issued. Callaghan was chosen for one of the English-Canadian stamps.

Bibliography

Novels

* '' Strange Fugitive'' - 1928
* '' It's Never Over'' - 1930
* '' A Broken Journey'' - 1932
* ''Such Is My Beloved'' - 1934
* '' They Shall Inherit the Earth'' - 1935
* '' More Joy in Heaven'' - 1937
* '' The Loved and the Lost'' - 1951
* '' The Many Colored Coat'' - 1960 (reissued as ''The Man with the Coat'', 1988)
* '' A Passion in Rome'' - 1961
* ''A Fine and Private Place'' - 1975
* '' A Time for Judas'' - 1983
* '' Our Lady of the Snows'' - 1985 (based on his novella The Enchanted Pimp)
* '' A Wild Old Man on the Road'' - 1988

Novellas

* '' No Man's Meat'' - 1931
* '' Luke Baldwin's Vow'' - 1948 (reissued as ''The Vow'', 2006)
* '' The Varsity Story'' - 1948
* '' An Autumn Penitent'' - 1973 (and ''In His Own Country'')
* '' Close to the Sun Again'' - 1977
* '' No Man's Meat and The Enchanted Pimp'' - 1978

Short fiction

* '' A Native Argosy'' - 1929
* '' Now That April's Here and Other Stories'' - 1936
* '' Morley Callaghan's Stories'' - 1959
* ''Stories'' - 1967
* '' The Lost and Found Stories of Morley Callaghan'' - 1985
* '' The Morley Callaghan Reader'' - 1997
* '' The New Yorker Stories'' - 2001
* ''The Complete Stories'' (four volumes) - 2003
* '' Ancient Lineage and Other Stories'' - 2012
* The Snob
* The Sentimentalists

Non-fiction

* ''That Summer in Paris: Memories of Tangled Friendships with Hemingway, Fitzgerald and Some Others'' - 1963
* ''Winter'' - 1974

Plays

* '' Turn Again Home'' (based on the novel ''They Shall Inherit the Earth'', produced in New York City in 1940, and produced under the title ''Going Home'' in Toronto in 1950)
* '' Just Ask George'' (produced in Toronto, 1940)
* '' To Tell the Truth'' (produced in Toronto, 1949)
* '' Season of the Witch'' - 1976

Film adaptations

*'' Now That April's Here'' (1958)
*'' The Cap'' (1984)

Further reading

Books

* Boire, Gary A., ''Morley Callaghan and His Works'' - 1990
* Boire, Gary A., ''Morley Callaghan: Literary Anarchist'' - 1994
* Cameron, Donald, ''Conversations with Canadian Novelists, Part Two'' - 1973
* ''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 3'' - 1975
* ''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 14'' - 1980
* ''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 41'' - 1987
* ''Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 65'' - 1991
* ''Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 68: Canadian Writers, 1920–1959, First Series'' - 1988
* Morley, Patricia, ''Morley Callaghan'' - 1978
* Orange, John, ''Orpheus in Winter: Morley Callaghan's'' The Loved and the Lost - 1993
* Sutherland, Fraser, ''The Style of Innocence'' - 1972
* Wilson, Edmund, ''O Canada'' - 1965
* Woodcock, George, ''Moral Predicament: Morley Callaghan's'' More Joy in Heaven - 1993

Periodicals

* ''Books in Canada'', April, 1986, pp. 32–33.
* ''Canadian Forum'', March, 1960; February, 1968.
* ''Canadian Literature'', summer, 1964
* ''Canadian Literature'', winter, 1984, pp. 66–69.
* ''Canadian Literature'', autumn, 1990, pp. 148–49.
* ''Dalhousie Review'', autumn, 1959.
* ''Essays on Canadian Writing'', winter, 1984–85, pp. 309– 15
* ''Essays on Canadian Writing'', summer, 1990, pp. 16–20.
* ''Form and Century'', April, 1934.
* ''New Republic'', February 9, 1963.
* ''New Yorker'', November 26, 1960.
* ''Queen's Quarterly'', autumn, 1957
* ''Queen's Quarterly'', autumn, 1989, pp. 717–19.
* ''Saturday Night'', October, 1983, pp. 73–74.
* ''Tamarack Review'', winter, 1962.
* ''American Spectator'', February, 1991.

References

External links

Morley Callaghan archives
held at Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

{{DEFAULTSORT:Callaghan, Morley
1903 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian male novelists
Canadian Roman Catholics
Canadian male short story writers
Companions of the Order of Canada
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Governor General's Award-winning fiction writers
Members of the Order of Ontario
Canadian people of Irish descent
Lawyers in Ontario
Writers from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Toronto Star people
20th-century Canadian novelists
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian short story writers
Osgoode Hall Law School alumni
20th-century Canadian male writers