Monotomidae is a family of
beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...
s in the superfamily
Cucujoidea
Cucujoidea is a superfamily of beetles. This group formerly included all of the families now included in the superfamily Coccinelloidea. They include some fungus beetles and a diversity of lineages of "bark beetles" unrelated to the "true" bark be ...
. The family is found worldwide, with approximately 240 species in 33 genera. The ecological habits of the family are diverse, with different members of the group being found under tree bark, in decaying vegetation, on flowers and in ant nests. Their ecology is obscure, while at least some species are mycophagous, feeding on the fruiting bodies of
ascomycete fungi, ''
Rhyzophagus'' are predators on
bark beetles
A bark beetle is the common name for the subfamily of beetles Scolytinae. Previously, this was considered a distinct family (Scolytidae), but is now understood to be a specialized clade of the "true weevil" family ( Curculionidae). Although t ...
(includings, eggs, larvae and young adults) and possibly
Phoridae
The Phoridae are a family of small, hump-backed flies resembling fruit flies. Phorid flies can often be identified by their escape habit of running rapidly across a surface rather than taking to the wing. This behaviour is a source of one of thei ...
larvae, with the larvae of some species also being mycophagous.
Taxonomy
Monotomidae contains the following genera:
Monotomidae Species List
at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 17 May 2012.
* Rhizophaginae Redtenbacher 1845
**'' Rhizophagus'' Herbst, 1793
*Subfamiliy Monotominae
**Tribe Lenacini Crowson, 1952
***''Lenax
Lenax is a commune in the Allier department in central France.
Population
See also
*Communes of the Allier department
The following is a list of the 317 communes of the Allier department of France.
Intercommunalities
The commun ...
'' Sharp, 1877
**Tribe Monotomini Laporte, 1840
*** '' Monotoma'' Herbst, 1793
** Tribe Thionini Crowson, 1952
*** '' Thione'' Sharp, 1899
*** '' Shoguna'' Lewis, 1884
*** '' Arunus'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
** Tribe Europini Sen Gupta, 1988
***'' Afrobaenus'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Aneurops'' Sharp, 1900
*** '' Bactridium'' J.LeConte, 1861
*** '' Barunius'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Crowsonius'' Pakaluk & Slipinski, 1993
*** '' Eporus'' Grouvelle, 1897
*** '' Europs'' Wollaston, 1854
*** '' Hesperobaenus'' J.LeConte, 1861
*** '' Hiekesia'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Indoleptipsius'' Pal, 2000
*** '' Kakamodes'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Leptipsius'' Casey, 1916
*** '' Macreurops'' Casey, 1916
*** '' Malabica'' Sen Gupta, 1988
*** '' Malinica'' Sen Gupta, 1988
*** '' Mimema'' Wollaston, 1861
*** '' Mimemodes'' Reitter, 1876
*** '' Monotomopsis'' Grouvelle, 1896
*** '' Monotopion'' Reitter, 1884
*** '' Noveurops'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Pararhizophagus'' Méquignon, 1913
*** '' Phyconomus'' LeConte, 1861
*** '' Pycnotomina'' Casey, 1916
*** ''Renuka
Renuka, also known as Yellamma, is a Hindu goddess worshipped predominantly in the South Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and western state of Maharashtra. She is also known as the mother of Parashur ...
'' Sen Gupta, 1988
*** '' Rhizophagoides'' Nakane & Hisamatsu, 1963
*** '' Rumnicus'' Sen Gupta & Pal, 1995
*** '' Tarunius'' Sen Gupta, 1977
Fossil genera
* †'' Jurorhizophagus'' Cai et al. 2015 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian
In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
)
* †'' Cretakarenni'' Peris and Delclòs 2015 Spanish amber, Escucha Formation, Early Cretaceous (Albian
The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early/Lower Cretaceous Epoch/ Series. Its approximate time range is 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma to 100.5 ± 0 ...
), Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...
, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous ( Cenomanian)
* †'' Cretolenax'' Liu et al. 2019 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
* †'' Rhizobactron'' Kirejtshuk 2013 Lebanese amber
Lebanese amber is fossilized resin found in Lebanon and southwest Syria. It dates back approximately 130-125 million years to the Barremian of the Early Cretaceous. It formed on what was then the northern coast of Gondwana, believed to be a tropi ...
, Early Cretaceous (Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is precede ...
)
* †'' Rhizophtoma'' Kirejtshuk and Azar 2009 Lebanese amber, Barremian, Alava amber, Escucha Formation, Spain, Albian
References
Cucujoidea families
{{Monotomidae-stub