Mogaung ( my, မိုးကောင်း) or Möngkawng ( tdd, ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥒᥰ; zh, 孟拱) was a
Shan state in what is present-day
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...
. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main
Shan State
Shan State ( my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, ; shn, မိူင်းတႆး, italics=no) also known by the endonyms Shanland, Muang Tai, and Tailong, is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos ( ...
area in present-day
Kachin State. The state existed until 1796. The main town was
Mogaung
Mogaung ( my, မိုးကောင်း ; ( Shan: မိူင်းၵွင်း) is a town in Kachin State, Myanmar. It is situated on the Mandalay-Myitkyina railway line.
History
Mogaung or Möngkawng was the name and capital (roya ...
(Mong Kawng).
History
According to legend a predecessor state named Udiri Pale had been established in 58 BC. The area was said to have been inhabited by the Tai Long. According to Tai chronicles the kingdom was founded in 1215 by a ''saopha'' named Sam Long Hpa who ruled over an area stretching from
Hkamti Long
Hkamti Long (also known as Khamti Long; zh, 坎底), also known as Khandigyi ( my, ခန္တီးကြီး) was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It was an outlying territory, located by the Mali River, north of Myitkyina District, awa ...
to
Shwebo
Shwebo ( my, ရွှေဘိုမြို့ ) is a city in Sagaing Region, Burma, 110 km north-west of Mandalay between the Irawaddy River, Irrawaddy and the Mu River, Mu rivers. The city was the origin of the Konbaung Dynasty, establi ...
, and extending into the country of the
Nagas and
Mishmis.
[Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 18, p. 137. - Myitkyina District, History](_blank)
/ref>
Möngkawng (Mong Yang) was occupied by China between 1479 and 1483, after regaining independence it was again briefly occupied by China in 1495.
From 1651 to 1742 the state was occupied by the Ava-based Kingdom of Burma
The Konbaung dynasty ( my, ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်, ), also known as Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်) and formerly known as the Alompra dynasty (အလောင်းဘ ...
and following a period of less than thirty years it was again occupied by Burma from 1771 to 1775. Finally Möngkawng was annexed by the Ava Kingdom
The Kingdom of Ava ( my, အင်းဝခေတ်, ) was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1364 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagaing t ...
in 1796.
After becoming part of Burma Möngkawng was ruled by administrators named ''wuns''. During British rule in Burma it became part of the Myitkyina District Myitkyina District ( my, မြစ်ကြီးနားခရိုင်) is a district of the Kachin State in northern Burma (Myanmar). The capital lies at Myitkyina. It is the largest district in the country by land area.
Townships
The dis ...
of the Mandalay Division
Mandalay Region ( my, မန္တလေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး, ; formerly Mandalay Division) is an administrative division of Myanmar. It is located in the center of the country, bordering Sagaing Region and Magway Region to ...
.
In Chinese chronicle ''Ming Shilu
The ''Ming Shilu'' () contains the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It is the single largest historical source for the dynasty. According to modern historians, it "plays an extremely important role in the histo ...
'', the state was known as Mengyang and was under Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
as a pacification superintendency. In the same chronicle, the kingdom is said to extend to the east to Jinsha River
The Jinsha River (, Tibetan: Dri Chu, འབྲི་ཆུ) is the Chinese name for the upper stretches of the Yangtze River. It flows through the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan in western China. The river passes through Tiger L ...
in China, south to Ava-Burma, west to the territory of Da-Gula and to the north till Ganyai, a polity near Daying river.
In 1408, the polity was occupied by Da-Gula.["The MSL notes that this entity was located close to Da Gu-la (q.v.) and was occupied by the latter in 1408"]
It is asserted that it was originally under the territory of Lu-chuan and it is to Mongkawng and Da-Gula where Si Jifa, the ruler of Mong Mao
Mong may refer to:
People
*A proposed original name for the Hmong people, based on the main group, the Mong community
*Bob Mong (), American journalist and academic administrator
* Henry Mong (), American surgeon and Presbyterian missionary
* Mong ...
fled after the destruction of Lu-chuan by the Chinese during the Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
The Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns () (1436–49) were punitive expeditions carried out by the Ming dynasty under the rule of the Emperor Yingzong against the Shan-led State of Möng Mao near the frontier with Burma.
Möng Mao, called Luchuan ...
(1436–49).
Rulers
The rulers of the state bore the title ''Saopha
Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...
''.
Saophas
* 1663–1673: Sui Yaw
*1673–1729: Sui Kyek
*1729–1739: Hum
*1739–1748: Haw (1st time) (d. 1777)
*1748–1765: Haw Kam
*1765–1768: Haw (2nd time) (s.a.)
*1768–1771: Maung Kiaw
*1771–1775: Maung Piu (d. 1775)
*1775–1785: Vacant
*1785–1796: Yaw Pan Kyung
References
Bibliography
*
External links
"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"
Shan States
Kachin State
{{Kachin-geo-stub
ca:Mongkawng