Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat

Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg ( Persian: میرزا محمد حیدر دولت بیگ c. 1499/1500 – 1551) was a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general, governor of Kashmir, and a historical writer, He was a Turkic speaking Dughlat prince who wrote in the Persian and Chagatai languages, Haidar and Babur were cousins on their mother's side.

Campaigns

He first campaigned in Kashmir in 1533, on behalf of Sultan Said Khan, of Kashgar. However, he did not stay long in Kashmir, leaving after making a treaty with the local sultan and striking coins in the name of Said Khan. He had also attacked Tibet through Ladakh but failed to conquer Lhasa.

He returned in 1540, fighting for the Mughal Emperor Humayun, first son of Babur, this time for a military takeover at the invitation of one of the two rival factions that continually vied for power in Kashmir. This was shortly after Humayun's 1540 defeat at the Battle of Kanauj, where Dughlat was also on the losing side. Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. He lies buried in the ''Gorstan e Shahi'' in Srinagar.

Works

His historical work ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'' (تاریخ رشیدی) ( ''History of Rashid'' ) is a personal memoir combined with a Central Asian history written in Persian. Mirza Muhammad Haidar dedicated this extensive work, written in Kashmir in two volumes, to the contemporary ruler of Kashgaria, viz., Abdurashid Khan, son of Sultan Said Khan. It was translated into English in 1895 by Ney Elias and Edward Denison Ross. Among other events, the ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'' describes the founding of the Kazakh Khanate in 1465 and Muhammad Haidar Dughlat's personal encounter with one of the early Kazakh rulers, namely Kasym Khan.

Family

He belonged to the family of hereditary rulers of Kashgaria – dughlat Amirs. His father was Muhammad Hussain Mirza Kurkan (he was married to Khub Nigar Khanim, daughter of Yunus Khan), son of Muhammad Haidar Mirza Kurkan (he was married to Daulat Nigar Khanim, daughter of Esen Buqa Khan), son of Amir Sayyid Ali Kurkan (he was married to Uzun Sultan Khanim, sister of Vais Khan), son of Amir Sayyid Ahmad, son of Amir Khudaidad, who is said to have raised to khanship six of the Moghul Khans as well as making a pilgrimage to Makkah (Khizr Khoja (1389–1399), Shama-i-Jahan (1399–1408), Muhammad (1408–1416), Nakhsh-i- Jahan (1416–1418), Shir Muhammad (1418–1425), Vais (1418–1428)), son of Amir Pulaji, who raised to the khanship a young, 18- years old, Tughluq Timur Khan ( first Moghul Khan ), in 1347, having brought him from Ili to Aksu and declared him to have been the grandson of Duwa Khan. Amir Pulaji was a descendant of Dughlat Tarkhan Babdaghan, who was granted the country ''Mangalai Suyah'' (Faced to Sun) or Kashgaria by Chagatai Khan, second son of Chengiz Khan, in 1219 or 1220.

His mother was Khub Nigar Khanim, third daughter of Yunus Khan by Isan Daulat Begum, and a younger sister of Kutluk Nigar Khanim, mother of Babur. Mirza Muhammad Haidar governed Kashmir from 1540 to 1551,List of Rulers: South Asia , Thematic Essay , Timeline of Art History , The Metropolitan Museum of Art
/ref> when he was killed in battle.

Muhammad Haidar Mirza (I) Dughlat was his grandfather.

Films

In 2007, Kazakhfilm Studio released the documentary ''Muhammad Haidar Dughlat'' («Мұхаммед Хайдар Дулати»), directed by Kalila Umarov.

Notes

References

*Mansura Haidar (translator) (2002), ''Mirza Haidar Dughlat as Depicted in Persian Sources''

External links

*
Selections from the ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi''The Tarikh i Rashidi Download Full Book PDF by Murad ButtTARIKH-I-RASHIDIThe Tarikh-i-rashidi: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia; an English Version (1895)The Tarikh-i-rashidi

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haidar Dughlat, Mirza Muhammad
1551 deaths
Dughlats
Year of birth uncertain
Historians of Central Asia
Mughal Empire
16th-century Turkic people