The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (

Ottoman Turkish Ottoman Turkish ( ota, لِسانِ عُثمانى, Lisân-ı Osmânî, ; tr, Osmanlı Türkçesi) was the standardized register of the Turkish language used by the citizens of the Ottoman Empire (14th to 20th centuries CE). It borrowed extens ...

: ''Hariciye Nezâreti''; french: Ministère des Affaires Étrangères) was the department of the

Imperial Government The name imperial government (german: Reichsregiment) denotes two organs, created in 1500 and 1521, in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation to enable a unified political leadership, with input from the Princes. Both were composed of the em ...

responsible for the

foreign relations A state's foreign policy or external policy (as opposed to internal or domestic policy) is its objectives and activities in relation to its interactions with other states, unions, and other political entities, whether bilaterally or through m ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

, from its establishment in 1836 to its abolition in 1922. Before 1836, foreign relations were managed by the '' Reis ül-Küttab'', who was replaced by a Western-style ministry as part of the

Tanzimat The Tanzimat (; ota, تنظيمات, translit=Tanzimāt, lit=Reorganization, ''see'' nizām) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 187 ...

modernization reforms. The successor of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the government department responsible for the state's diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support for a country's citizens who are abroad. The enti ...

of the

Turkish Republic Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

. French was officially the working language of the ministry in the period after the

Crimean War The Crimean War, , was fought from October 1853 to February 1856 between Russia and an ultimately victorious alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, the United Kingdom and Piedmont-Sardinia. Geopolitical causes of the war included the ...

.''Turkish Yearbook of International Relations''. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Munasebetler Enstitüsü, 2000. (head book says 2000/2 Special Issue of Turkish-American Relations. Issue 31, p
13
"''Chambre des Conseillers Légistes de la Porte'' as was their title in French, which had, after the Crimean War become the official working language of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry."

Organisation

It was headed by a minister representing the Réis Effendi and a six-member council with sub-secretary of state (mustéchar) leading it. Other major figures included the Grand Master of Ceremonies of the head of the Drogmanat of the Imperial Divan and the Grand Master of Ceremonies (Techrifati-Hardjié) directed by the Introducer of Ambassadors. Departments included: *Accounting (Direction de Comptabilité) *Chamber of Jurists (Bab-i-ali Istikharé Odassi, Chambre des Conseillers légistes) *Commercial Affairs (Tidjarié, Direction des Affaires Commerciales) *Consulates (Chehpendéri, Direction des Consulats) *Foreign Correspondence (Tahrirat-i-Hardjié, Direction de la Correspondance étrangère) *Foreign Press (Direction de la presse étrangère) *Litigation (Oumori-Houkoukié-i-Muhtélita, Direction du Contentieux) *Nationalities (Direction des Nationalités) *Personnel (Sigilli Ahwal, Direction du Personnel) *

Translation Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...

(Terdjumé, Direction de Traduction) *Turkish Correspondence (Mektoubi-Hardjié, Direction de la Correspondance turque)

List of ministers

* Akif Pasha (1836) * Ahmed Hulusi Pasha (1836-1837) *

Mustafa Reshid Pasha Mustafa ( ar, مصطفى , Muṣṭafā) is one of the names of Prophets and messengers in Islam, Prophet Muhammad, and the name means "chosen, selected, appointed, preferred", used as an Arabic language, Arabic given name and surname. Mustafa is ...

(1837-1838) * Mehmed Nuri Efendi (1838-1839) *

(1839-1841) * Sadık Rıfat Pasha (1841) * Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1841-1843) * Sadık Rıfat Pasha (1843-1844) * Mehmed Shekib Efendi (1844) *

Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, also spelled as Mehmed Emin Aali (March 5, 1815 – September 7, 1871) was a prominent Ottoman statesman during the Tanzimat period, best known as the architect of the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, and for his role in ...

(1844-1845) *

(1845-1846) *

(1846-1848) * Sadık Rıfat Pasha (1848-1848) *

(1848-1852) * Keçecizade Fuad Pasha (1852-1853) * Sadık Rıfat Pasha (1853) *

(1853-1854) *

(1854) * Mehmed Esad Safvet Efendi (1854-1855) substitute minister * Keçecizade Fuad Pasha (1855-1856) *

(1856) * İbrahim Edhem Pasha (1856-1857) * Ali Galib Pasha (1857) *

(1857) * Keçecizade Fuad Pasha (1857-1858) *

Mahmud Nedim Pasha Mahmud Nedim Pasha ( 1818 – 14 May 1883) was an Ottoman conservative statesman of ethnic Georgian background,Buṭrus Abū Mannah (2001), ''Studies on Islam and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, 1826-1876'', p. 163. Isis Press, wh ...

(1858-1860) substitute minister * Mehmed Esad Safvet Efendi (1860) substitute minister *

(1860-1861) * Keçecizade Fuad Pasha (1861) *

(1861-1867) * Keçecizade Fuad Pasha (1867-1869) * Mehmed Esad Safvet Pasha (1869) *

(1869-1871) * Server Pasha (1871-1872) * Mehmed Cemil Pasha (1872) *

Halil Şerif Pasha Halil Şerif Pasha, transliterated variously as Khalil Sherif Pasha ( sq, Halil Sherif Pasha, 20 June 1831 – 12 January 1879), was an Ottoman- Egyptian statesman, diplomat and art collector, who lived during the Tanzimat period. His colle ...

(1872-1873) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1873) *

Mehmed Rashid Pasha Mehmed Râshid Pasha ( tr, Mehmed Râşid Paşa, ar, محمد راشد باشا, Muḥammad Rāshid Basha; 1824–15 June 1876) was an Ottoman statesman who served as the '' vali'' (governor) of Syria Vilayet in 1866–1871 and as minister of ...

(1873-1874) *

Ahmed Arifi Pasha Ahmed Arifi Pasha (1830 – 1895/96) was an Ottoman noble, senator, statesman and reformist, who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1879. In contemporary English-language accounts he was known as Aarifi Pasha. He was a liber ...

(1874) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1874-1875) *

(1875-1876) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1876-1877) *

(1877) * Server Pasha (1877-1878) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1878) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1878) *

Alexander Karatheodori Pasha Alexander Karatheodori Pasha ( el, Αλέξανδρος Καραθεοδωρής; 1833–1906) was an Ottoman Greek statesman and diplomat. He was involved in diplomatic affairs following the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. ...

(1878-1879) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1879) * Sava Pasha (1879-1880) *

Abidin Pasha Abidin, Abadin, or Abdin is both an Arabic male given name and surname, meaning "worshippers". Notable people with the name include: Given name * Abidin Dino (1913-1993), Turkish artist and painter * Zeynel Abidin Erdem, Turkish business tycoon * ...

(1880) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1880-1881) *

Said Halim Pasha Mehmed Said Halim Pasha ( ota, سعيد حليم پاشا ; tr, Sait Halim Paşa; 18 or 28 January 1865 or 19 February 1864 – 6 December 1921) was an Ottoman statesman of Albanian originDanişmend (1971), p. 102 who served as Grand Vizier o ...

(1881-1882) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1882) * Mehmed Esad Saffet Pasha (1882) *

(1882-1884) * Asım Mehmed Pasha (1884-1885) *

(1885-1896) * Turhan Pasha (1896-1899) *

(1899) *

Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Ahmet Tevfik Pasha ( ota, احمد توفیق پاشا‎; 11 February 1845 – 8 October 1936), later Ahmet Tevfik Okday after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman statesman of Crimean Tatar origin. He was the last Grand vizi ...

(1899-1909) - Published online 14 August 2012 - Content from notes section specifies the years he was active. * Mehmed Rifat Pasha (1909-1911) * İbrahim Hakkı Pasha (1911) * Mustafa Asım Bey (1911-1912) *

Gabriel Noradunkyan Gabriel (Kapriel) Efendi Noradunkyan ( hy, Գաբրիել Նորատունկեան, tr, Gabriyel Noradunkyan Efendi; 6 November 1852 Constantinople - 1936 Paris) was an Ottoman Armenian statesman and bureaucrat. He served as the Minister of Trade ...

(1912-1913) *

(1913-1915) *

Halil Bey Halil Sami Bey (1866 – 1925) was an Ottoman Army colonel, who served in the First World War. He successfully managed to fend off British forces during the Landing at Cape Helles. Career Halil Sami was in charge of the Ottoman 9th Divi ...

(1915-1917) * Ahmed Nesimi Bey (1917-1918) * Mehmed Nabi Bey (1918) *

(1918-1919) * Yusuf Franko Pasha (1919) * Damat Ferid Pasha (1919) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1919) *

(1919-1920) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1920) * Damat Ferid Pasha (1920) * Abdüllatif Safa Bey (1920-1921) *

Ahmed İzzet Pasha Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

(1921-1922)

References

External links

* - The abstract states that this was a department of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry * {{authority control Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman

Foreign Affairs ''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy a ...

1836 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1922 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

Organisation

List of ministers

See also

References

External links