Mihovil Pavlinović (28 January 1831 – 18 May 1887) was a

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

priest, politician, and writer who led

Croatian National Revival The Illyrian movement ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Ilirski pokret, Илирски покрет; sl, Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian inte ...

in the

Kingdom of Dalmatia The Kingdom of Dalmatia ( hr, Kraljevina Dalmacija; german: Königreich Dalmatien; it, Regno di Dalmazia) was a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1867) and the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918). It encompassed the entire ...

. He is known as a keen promoter of Croatian political thought in Dalmatia, one of the founders of the liberal People's Party and consistent advocate of unification of

and Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

Early life and education

Mihovil Pavlinović was born in a small village of Podgora near Makarska on January 28, 1831, in a prominent peasant family. He finished primary school in Podgora, after which he attended

minor seminary A minor seminary or high school seminary is a secondary day or boarding school created for the specific purpose of enrolling teenage boys who have expressed interest in becoming Catholic priests. They are generally Catholic institutions, and de ...

Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, entertai ...

where he finished gymnasium. He studied theology at the

Major seminary A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, ...

Zadar Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...

from which he graduated in 1854. During his time in seminary, Pavlinović began to take interest in the

Illyrian movement The Illyrian movement ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Ilirski pokret, Илирски покрет; sl, Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian inte ...

. He and his friend Luka Botić (who later also become a prominent writer and politician) founded students' society ''Pobratimi''. Pavlinović was ordained to the priesthood on September 23, 1854, in the ceremony in Split Cathedral.

Career

After ordination, Pavlinović shortly served as vicar in Drašnice. From 1855 to 1870, a time period during which he was entirely dedicated to political and literary work, he was officially vicar in Podgora. While traveling true his homeland, he had a chance to see all the difficulties that Croatian people had, such as the fact that all administration offices, municipalities, and schools were run by foreigners.

Political activities

Pavlinović entered politics after the failure of Bach's absolutism (1850-1859), which is known in Croatia as a period of centralization and Germanization. In August 1860, he became the first prominent Croat in Dalmatia who publicly spoke about the unification of

and Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In 1861, Pavlinović, among others, founded People's Party as a Dalmatian branch of the People's Party in Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, and as opposition to anti-Croatian Autonomist Party. Having acquired a wide favor, Pavlinović was elected as a member of

Diet of Dalmatia The Diet of Dalmatia ( hr, Dalmatinski sabor, it, Dieta della Dalmazia) was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was founded in Zadar in 1861 and last convened in 1912, before being formally diss ...

on 1861 elections. As a member of Parliament he held a speech in Croatian which sparked protests. It was later decided because of this that MPs could also speak Croatian, which was a great success of People Party considering the immeasurably greater number of Autonomist Party MP's. On March 1, 1862, Pavlinović and his associates started publishing newspaper

Narodni list ''Narodni list'' ( en, people's paper) is an independent Croatian weekly newspaper published in Zadar, founded in 1862, making it the oldest in Croatia. ''Narodni list'', being independent, has a reputation of writing about things other newspapers ...

as a Croatian-language part of the Italian-language newspaper ''Il Nazionale, periodico politico e letterario''. Pavlinović was publishing articles intended to awake national consciousness of the Croatian people in Dalmatia. He was also writing for many other newspapers and magazines including ''Glasnik dalmatinski, Iskra, La Dalmazia cattolica, Narodni koledar, Obzor, Pozor, Vijenac, and Zatočnik''. On

1865 Croatian parliamentary election Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fis ...

, Pavlinović was elected to the Parliament. On 1873 Cisleithanian legislative election he was elected to the Imperial Council. During his term, he came into conflict with

Serb The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language. The majority of Serbs live in their na ...

ian politician

Stjepan Mitrov Ljubiša Stjepan (modernist: Stefan) Mitrov Ljubiša ( sr-cyr, Стјепан Митров Љубиша; 29 February 1824 – 11 November 1878), was a Serbian and Montenegrin writer and politician. He is famous for his unique short stories, generally ra ...

because of Ljubiša's anti-Croatian stands. He was speaking Croatian in both, Croatian, and Imperial Parliament. Pavlinović's long-term struggle for Croatian resulted in the introduction of Croatian as an official language in all Dalmatian state offices in year 1883.

Ethnicity

In his youth, after the fall of the

in the early 1850s, Pavlinović accepted Serbian national consciousness, thrilled with

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungar ...

who was at the time fighting against

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

for liberation and unification in

Revolution In political science, a revolution (Latin: ''revolutio'', "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due ...

. He and many other seminarians from Zadar seminary, including

Natko Nodilo Natko Nodilo (31 August 1834 – 21 May 1912) was a Croatian politician, historian, journalist, university professor, and chancellor of the University of Zagreb. Born in Split, he studied theology in Zadar until 1856, when he dropped out of colleg ...

and Luka Botić, were so impressed with Serbia that they wanted to move there, believing they would be able to develop their capabilities there and thus be of the greatest benefit to Croats. Pavlinović and his friend

Jovan Sundečić Jovan Sundečić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јован Сундечић; 24 June 1825 – 19 July 1900) was a Serbian poet, priest of the Serbian Orthodox Church and a secretary to Prince Nikola I of Montenegro. He is most famous for writing lyrics ...

embarked in 1864 on a tour to South Slavic (soon to be called Yugoslav) cities with the aim of creating a fraternal union. For a period of time, he was an editor of the Montenegrin yearbook ''Orlić''. However, after Luka Botić visited Serbia in 1868, he returned to Croatia very disappointed with what he saw there. This led to Pavlinović and his friends abandoning the idea of Serbia being a "South Slavic

Piedmont it, Piemontese , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

", and accepting that Croatia and Serbia should stay separated. Pavlinović defined the program of the People's Party in Dalmatia, that was published in 1869, as a program that should be implemented in the whole of Croatia, and not only in Dalmatia. Program consisted of principles of independence and integrity of Croatia and the adoption of Croatian constitution. While People's Party in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia still had an indefinite transnational name so they would not resent the Serbs because of their shared ideas, Pavlinović thought that "Serbs want to take homeland from Croats", so he used only attributes "Croatian" rather than "Yugoslav" or "Illyrian" in the program.

List of works

Pavlinović's literary work followed his basic political ideas, so he used his works to rise national awareness of Croats in Dalmatia. * 1865 ''Ognjišar'' * 1867 ''Districts and management of parishes'' (''Kotari i župnikovanje'') * 1873 ''Songs and sermons 1860-1872'' (''Pjesme i besjede 1860-1872'') * 1875 ''Croatian thoughts'' (''Hrvatski razmišljaji'') * 1875 ''Various writings'' (''Različiti spisi'') * 1876 ''Croatian conversations'' (''Hrvatski razgovori'') * 1876 ''Folk writings'' (''Pučki spisi'') * 1879 ''People's songbook'' (''Narodna pjesmarica'') * 1882 ''Croatian and Serbian thought in Dalmatia from 1848 to 1882 '' (''Misao hrvatska i misao srbska u Dalmaciji od godine 1848. do godine 1882.'') * 1888 ''Paths 1867-1875'' (''Puti 1867-1875'') In addition, Pavlinović donated to Matica hrvatska 211 proverbs from Istria and

Littoral The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal a ...

, as well as 4000-5000 words to the

Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, hr, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia. HAZU was founded under patronage of the Croatian bishop J ...

for its ''Dictionary''.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Pavlinovic, Mihovil 1831 births 1887 deaths People from Podgora, Split-Dalmatia County People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia 19th-century Croatian Roman Catholic priests People's Party (Dalmatia) politicians Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1873–1879) Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1885–1891)