Metrophanes III of Byzantium ( el, , 1520 – 9 August 1580) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople two times, from 1565 to 1572 and from 1579 to 1580.

Life

Metrophanes was born in 1520 to a

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merchant father in the village of

Agia Paraskevi Agia Paraskevi ( el, Αγία Παρασκευή, ''Agía Paraskeví'') is a suburb and a municipality in the northeastern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. It is part of the North Athens regional unit. Agia Paraskevi was named after the ...

(now part of Istanbul), from where he took the sobriquet ''Byzantios'' ("of

Byzantium Byzantium () or Byzantion ( grc, Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium'' cont ...

"). His original name is variously given as Manuel or George. In 1546 he was appointed Metropolitan of

Caesarea Caesarea () ( he, קֵיסָרְיָה, ), ''Keysariya'' or ''Qesarya'', often simplified to Keisarya, and Qaysaria, is an affluent town in north-central Israel, which inherits its name and much of its territory from the ancient city of Caesare ...

by his personal friend Patriarch Dionysius II, who sent him to

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mainly to raise funds, but Metrophanes went also to Rome and met the Pope. In 1548 this news caused a great concern in a part of the Greek population of Constantinople, with riots and an attempt to murder Dionysius who was considered as guilty as Metrophanes. Dionysius was on the point of being deposed, but no actions was taken against him because he enjoyed the support of Suleiman the Magnificent. Metrophanes was deposed from his

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of Caesarea, but in 1551 he was forgiven and he went to live in the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in the island of Chalki where he took care and enlarged the library. He was elected Patriarch the first time in January or February 1565 supported by the rich and influential Michael Cantacuzene. He reigned for seven years, and tried to improve the finances of the Patriarchate also through a trip in Moldavia. He was an open-minded man of letters, and well disposed towards the Westerners, both Catholic and Protestant. In 1568, Metrophanes issued a strong condemnation in an encyclical letter concerning mistreatment of Jews in Crete, stating:

"Injustice ... regardless to whomever acted upon or performed against, is still injustice. The unjust person is never relieved of the responsibility of these acts under the pretext that the injustice is done against a heterodox and not to a believer. As our Lord Jesus Christ in the Gospels said do not oppress or accuse anyone falsely; do not make any distinction or give room to the believers to injure those of another belief."An Orthodox Christian View of Non-Christian Religions
by Rev. Dr. George C. Papademetriou; Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America

He was deposed on 4 May 1572 when Michael Cantacuzene transferred his support to the young and brilliant Jeremias II Tranos. After his deposition, to grant him a financial revenue, he was appointed bishop ''eis zoarkeian'' (i.e. without pastoral obligations) of

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and Chios, and he returned to live in the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in the island of Chalki, near the capital. After his attempts to return to the throne, in 1573 he was exiled to

Mount Athos Mount Athos (; el, Ἄθως, ) is a mountain in the distal part of the eponymous Athos peninsula and site of an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism in northeastern Greece. The mountain along with the respective part of the penins ...

. Six years later, after the execution of Michael Cantacuzene and the murder of the Great Vizier

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, Jeremias lost his supporters and Metrophanes was successfully restored on the throne on 25 November 1579. He died a few months later, on 9 August 1580, and was buried in the Pammakaristos Church, at the time the patriarchal cathedral.

Notes

Sources

* , - {{DEFAULTSORT:Metrophanes 03 Of Constantinople, Patriarch 1520 births 1580 deaths Bulgarian Orthodox bishops 16th-century Bulgarian people 16th-century Ecumenical Patriarchs of Constantinople Bulgarians from Eastern Thrace Bishops of Larissa Clergy from Istanbul People from Beyoğlu