Meir Katzenellenbogen

Meir ben Isaac Katzenellenbogen (c. 1482 – 12 January 1565) (also, Meir of Padua, or Maharam Padua, he, מאיר בן יצחק קצנלנבויגן) was a German rabbi born in Katzenelnbogen.

Biography

Meïr ben Isaac, who was often called after his native town, was the founder of the Katzenellenbogen family. After studying at Prague under the well-known casuist Jacob Pollak, he went to Padua and entered the ''yeshiva'' of Judah Minz, whose granddaughter, Hannah, he afterwards married. He succeeded his father-in-law, Abraham Minz, in the chief rabbinate of Padua, which office he held until his death on 12 January 1565 (epitaph below). He was the father of Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen.

Meïr was also nominal rabbi of Venice, where he went several times a year, but he had his fixed residence at Padua. Meïr was considered by his contemporaries a great authority on Talmudic and rabbinical matters, and many rabbis consulted him, among them: Moses Alashkar, Obadiah Sforno, and his relative Moses Isserles (who addressed him as "rabbi of Venice"). It may be seen from his ''responsa'' (ninety in number, published by himself, with those of Judah Minz, under the title of ''She'elot u-Teshubot'', Venice, 1553), as well as from those of Isserles, that he was disposed to be liberal in his decisions. Another indication of his leaning toward liberalism was his use in his ''responsa'' (Nos. 38, 49, 72) of the civil names of the months, a thing not done by other rabbis of his time.

Joseph ben Mordechai Gershon says ('' She'erit Yosef'', No. 1) that Meïr, in one of his ''responsa'', told him not to rely at that time on his opinion, because he could not verify his decision by the Talmud, all the copies of which had been burned. This burning is mentioned by David Gans (''Ẓemaḥ Dawid'', p. 56, Warsaw, 1890) and by Heilprin (''Seder haDorot'', i.245, ed. Maskileison) as having occurred in 1553 or 1554 under Pope Julius III, at the instigation of certain baptized Jews. Meïr states also (''Responsa'', No. 78) that in Candia the ''hafṭarah'' for Yom Kippur Minḥah was, with the exception of the first three verses, read in Greek (comp. Zunz, ''G.V.'' p. 413, note). In ''Responsum'' No. 86 he speaks of the plague that raged at Venice, but without indicating the year. Many of his ''responsa'' are to be found in the collection of Isserles. Meïr added to the edition of his ''responsa'' his father-in-law's ''Seder Giṭṭin wa-Ḥaliẓah'', and a detailed index. He edited also Maimonides' ''Yad'', with some commentaries, to which he added notes of his own (Venice, 1550; see Isserles).

Cecil Roth, ''History of the Jews in Venice'', page 256. In 1549 Katezenellenbogen became embroiled in a dispute over the publication of a printed edition of Maimonides' ''Mishneh Torah''. Since Jews could not own printing presses at that time, presses were owned by Venetian noblemen and operated by Jews under the patronage of the non-Jewish owner. Rabbi Katzenellenbogen edited a printed edition of the ''Mishneh Torah'' to be published by the Bragadini press. That work was soon pirated by the rival Giustiniani press. Rabbi Katzenellenbogen appealed to his relative Moses Isserles, who replied that the Giustiniani edition violated the prohibition on ''Hasogas gevul'', interfering with another person's livelihood. The Giustiniani parties denounced the rival publishers to the non-Jewish censors, leading to a massive burning of volumes of the Talmud and other Jewish works in the Venetian Republic.

Katzenellenbogen was the author of ninety responsa published under the title, ''She'eilot U'teshuvot''. Katzenellenbogen's epitaph reads:

Three centuries after his death, the 10th day of the Jewish month of Shevat became widely recognized as a significant date by Hasidic Judaism. It is the anniversary of the passing of Rabbi Shalom Sharabi (1777), known as "the Rashash" and considered the father of all contemporary Sephardic kabbalists, the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn (1950) and the date upon which the seventh Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, formally accepted the leadership of Chabad (1951).

His wife Hannah's epitaph reads:

Some notable descendants

Rabbi Katzenellenbogen had many notable descendants.

* Herbert L. Anderson
* Meir Bar-Ilan
* Max Beloff, Baron Beloff
*Martin Buber
* Baron Henry DeWorms
*Felix Gilbert
*David Halberstam
*Abraham Joshua Heschel
*Eyran Katsenelenbogen
* John Katzenellenbogen
* Julius Klein
*Jean Longuet
*Karl Marx
* Benjamin Mazar
* Felix Mendelssohn
*Baron Guy de Rothschild
*Helena Rubinstein
* Howard F. Sachs
*Max Schur
*Ephraim Avigdor Speiser
* DeWitt Stetten Jr.
*Otto Warburg
* Baron George Weidenfeld
*Basil Wigoder
* Andrew Denton'' Who Do You Think You Are?'', series 6, episode 1, 9 July 2014
*Chanoch Dov Padwa
* Catherine Yronwode
*Franz Reizenstein
*Chaim Halberstam

Bibliography

* Azulai, ''Shem ha-Gedolim'', i
*Eisenstadt-Wiener, ''Da'at Ḳedoshim'', p. 82
*Fränkel, in ''Orient. Lit.'' vii.609–613
* Fürst, ''Bibl. Jud.'' ii.179
*Ghirondi, in ''Kerem. Ḥemed'', iii.93 et seq.
*Rosenstein, Neil. ''The Unbroken Chain'', C.I.S. Publishers, The Computer Center for Jewish Genealogy, Elizabeth, New Jersey, 1990. . (Rosenstein is a descendent, too)
*Steinschneider, ''Cat. Bodl.'' col. 1702
* M. Straschun, in Fuenn's ''Ḳiryah Ne'emanah'', pp. 321 et seq.
*Zipser, in ''Orient. Lit.'' ix.367

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Katzenellenbogen, Meir Ben Isaac
1482 births
1565 deaths
16th-century Italian rabbis
German Ashkenazi Jews
Italian Ashkenazi Jews
Italian people of German descent