This is a list of historians only for those with a biographical entry in Wikipedia. Major chroniclers and annalists are included. Names are listed by the person's

historical period Human history, also called world history, is the narrative of humanity's past. It is understood and studied through anthropology, archaeology, genetics, and linguistics. Since the invention of writing, human history has been studied through ...

. The entries continue with the specializations, not nationality.

Antiquity

Greco-Roman world

Classical period

Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria (Italy). He is known fo ...

(484 – c. 420 BCE), Halicarnassus, wrote the ''

Histories Histories or, in Latin, Historiae may refer to: * the plural of history * ''Histories'' (Herodotus), by Herodotus * ''The Histories'', by Timaeus * ''The Histories'' (Polybius), by Polybius * ''Histories'' by Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), ...

'', which established Western

historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians h ...

Thucydides Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...

(460 – c. 400 BCE),

Peloponnesian War The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world. The war remained undecided for a long time until the decisive intervention of ...

Xenophon Xenophon of Athens (; grc, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Greek mercenary armies o ...

(431 – c. 360 BCE), Athenian knight and student of Socrates *

Ctesias Ctesias (; grc-gre, Κτησίας; fl. fifth century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire. Historical events Ctesias, who lived in the fi ...

(early 4th century BCE), Greek historian of Assyrian, Persian, and Indian history

Hellenistic period

Ephorus of Cyme Ephorus of Cyme (; grc-gre, Ἔφορος ὁ Κυμαῖος, ''Ephoros ho Kymaios''; c. 400330 BC) was an ancient Greek historian known for his universal history. Biography Information on his biography is limited. He was born in Cyme, ...

(c. 400–330 BCE), Greek history *

Theopompus Theopompus ( grc-gre, Θεόπομπος, ''Theópompos''; c. 380 BCc. 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician. Biography Theopompus was born on the Aegean island of Chios. In early youth, he seems to have spent some time at Athen ...

(c. 380 – c. 315 BCE), Greek history *

Eudemus of Rhodes Eudemus of Rhodes ( grc-gre, Εὔδημος) was an ancient Greek philosopher, considered the first historian of science, who lived from c. 370 BCE until c. 300 BCE. He was one of Aristotle's most important pupils, editing his teacher's work and m ...

(c. 370 – c. 300 BCE), Greek historian of science *

Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy I Soter (; gr, Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, ''Ptolemaîos Sōtḗr'' "Ptolemy the Savior"; c. 367 BC – January 282 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, historian and companion of Alexander the Great from the Kingdom of Macedo ...

(367 – c. 283 BCE), general of Alexander the Great, founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty *

Duris of Samos Duris of Samos (or Douris) ( grc-gre, Δοῦρις ὁ Σάμιος; BCafter 281BC) was a Greek historian and was at some period tyrant of Samos. Duris was the author of a narrative history of events in Greece and Macedonia from 371BC to 281BC ...

(c. 350 – post-281 BCE), Greek history * Berossus (early 3rd century BCE), Babylonian historian *

Timaeus of Tauromenium Timaeus of Tauromenium ( grc, Τιμαῖος; born 356 or 350 BC; died ) was an ancient Greek historian. He was widely regarded by ancient authors as the most influential historian between the time of Ephorus (4th century BC) and Polybius (2nd ce ...

(c. 345 BCE – c. 250 BCE), Greek history *

Manetho Manetho (; grc-koi, Μανέθων ''Manéthōn'', ''gen''.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytos ( cop, Ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ, translit=Čemnouti) who lived in the Ptolemaic Kingdom in the early third ...

(3rd century BCE), Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) living in the Ptolemaic era * Quintus Fabius Pictor (born c. 254 BCE), Roman history * Artapanus of Alexandria (late 3rd – early 2nd cc. BCE), Jewish historian of Ptolemaic Egypt *

Cato the Elder Marcus Porcius Cato (; 234–149 BC), also known as Cato the Censor ( la, Censorius), the Elder and the Wise, was a Roman soldier, senator, and historian known for his conservatism and opposition to Hellenization. He was the first to write hi ...

(234–149 BCE), Roman statesman and historian, author of the ''

Origines (, "Origins") is the title of a lost work on Roman and Italian history by Cato the Elder, composed in the early-2nd centuryBC. Contents According to Cato's biographer Cornelius Nepos, the ''Origins'' consisted of seven books. Book I was the hi ...

'' * Cincius Alimentus (late 2nd century BCE), Roman history * Gaius Acilius (), Roman history * Agatharchides (fl. mid–2nd century BCE), Greek history *

Polybius Polybius (; grc-gre, Πολύβιος, ; ) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period. He is noted for his work , which covered the period of 264–146 BC and the Punic Wars in detail. Polybius is important for his analysis of the mixed ...

(203 – c. 120 BCE), early Roman history (in Greek) *

Sempronius Asellio Sempronius Asellio (flourished BC c. 91BC) was an early Roman historian and one of the first writers of historiographic work in Latin. He was a military tribune of P. Scipio Aemilianus Africanus at the siege of Numantia in Hispania in 134BC. Later ...

(c. 158 – post-91 BCE), early Roman history *

Valerius Antias Valerius Antias ( century BC) was an ancient Roman annalist whom Livy mentions as a source. No complete works of his survive but from the sixty-five fragments said to be his in the works of other authors it has been deduced that he wrote a chroni ...

(1st century BCE), Roman history * Quintus Claudius Quadrigarius (1st century BCE), Roman history * Diodorus of Sicily (1st century BCE), Greek history *

Posidonius Posidonius (; grc-gre, Ποσειδώνιος , "of Poseidon") "of Apameia" (ὁ Ἀπαμεύς) or "of Rhodes" (ὁ Ῥόδιος) (), was a Greek politician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, historian, mathematician, and teacher nativ ...

(c. 135 – 51 BCE), Greek and Roman history * Theophanes of Mytilene (fl. mid 1st-c. BCE), Roman history

Roman Empire

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...

(100 – c. 44 BCE), Gallic and civil wars *

Sallust Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually anglicised as Sallust (; 86 – ), was a Roman historian and politician from an Italian plebeian family. Probably born at Amiternum in the country of the Sabines, Sallust became during the 50s BC a partisa ...

(86–34 BCE), Roman history *

Dionysius of Halicarnassus Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( grc, Διονύσιος Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἁλικαρνασσεύς, ; – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus. His literary styl ...

(c. 60 – post-7 BCE), Roman history *

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ...

(c. 59 BCE – c. 17 CE), Roman history *

Memnon of Heraclea Memnon of Heraclea (; grc-gre, Mέμνων, ''gen''.: Μέμνονος; fl. c. 1st century) was a Greek historical writer, probably a native of Heraclea Pontica. He described the history of that city in a large work, known only through the ''Exce ...

(), Greek and Roman history *

Strabo Strabo''Strabo'' (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed. The father of Pompey was called " Pompeius Strabo". A native of Sicily so clear-sighted that he could s ...

(63 BCE – 24 CE), geography, Greek history * Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BCE – c. 31 CE), Roman history *

Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (; 1 August 10 BC – 13 October AD 54) was the fourth Roman emperor, ruling from AD 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Claudius was born to Drusus and Antonia Minor ...

(10 BCE – 54 CE), Roman, Etruscan and Carthaginian history * Pamphile of Epidaurus (female historian active under

Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ( ; born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68), was the fifth Roman emperor and final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 un ...

, r. 54–68), Greek history * Marcus Cluvius Rufus, (fl. 41–69), Roman history *

Quintus Curtius Rufus Quintus Curtius Rufus () was a Roman historian, probably of the 1st century, author of his only known and only surviving work, ''Historiae Alexandri Magni'', "Histories of Alexander the Great", or more fully ''Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedon ...

(c. 60–70), Greek history * Flavius Josephus (37–100), Jewish history *

Dio Chrysostom Dio Chrysostom (; el, Δίων Χρυσόστομος ''Dion Chrysostomos''), Dion of Prusa or Cocceianus Dio (c. 40 – c. 115 AD), was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD. Eighty of hi ...

(c. 40 – c. 115 CE), history of the Getae *

Thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms ...

(early 2nd c. CE), Roman history *

Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...

(c. 56–120), early Roman Empire *

Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...

(c. 46–120), ''

Parallel Lives Plutarch's ''Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans'', commonly called ''Parallel Lives'' or ''Plutarch's Lives'', is a series of 48 biographies of famous men, arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, probably writt ...

'' of important Greeks and Romans *

Criton of Heraclea Criton of Heraclea ( el, Κρίτων, la, Titus Statilius Crito) was a 2nd-century (c. 100 AD) Greek chief physician and procurator of Roman Emperor Trajan (98–117) in the campaign in Dacia. He is perhaps the Criton mentioned in Martial's ''Ep ...

(fl. 100), history of the Getae and the Dacian Wars *

Suetonius Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus (), commonly referred to as Suetonius ( ; c. AD 69 – after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τ� ...

(c. 69 – post-122), Roman emperors up to the Flavian dynasty *

Appian Appian of Alexandria (; grc-gre, Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς ''Appianòs Alexandreús''; la, Appianus Alexandrinus; ) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Ha ...

(c. 95 – c. 165), Roman history *

Arrian Arrian of Nicomedia (; Greek: ''Arrianos''; la, Lucius Flavius Arrianus; ) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period. ''The Anabasis of Alexander'' by Arrian is considered the best ...

(c. 92–175), Greek history * Granius Licinianus (2nd century), Roman history *

Criton of Pieria Criton of Pieria (Greek: Κρίτων Πιεριώτης, Πιερ(ι)εύς; Latin ''Crito Pieriota'', ''Pieriotes'', ''Pierius'', ''Pierensis'') was a 2nd-century Greek historian.Suda κ 2453 Titles of works *''Παλληνικά'', ''Pallenica ...

(2nd century), Greek history * Lucius Ampelius (c. 2nd c. CE), Roman history *

Dio Cassius Lucius Cassius Dio (), also known as Dio Cassius ( ), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of the history on ancient Rome, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the ...

(c. 160 – post-229), Roman history *

Marius Maximus Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus (more commonly known as Marius Maximus) (c. AD 160 – c. AD 230) was a Roman biographer, writing in Latin, who in the early decades of the 3rd century AD wrote a series of biographies of twelve Emperors ...

(c. 160 – c. 230), biography of Roman emperors *

Diogenes Laërtius Diogenes Laërtius ( ; grc-gre, Διογένης Λαέρτιος, ; ) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' is a principal sour ...

(fl. c. 230), history of Greek philosophers *

Sextus Julius Africanus Sextus Julius Africanus (c. 160 – c. 240; Greek: Σέξτος Ἰούλιος ὁ Ἀφρικανός or ὁ Λίβυς) was a Christian traveler and historian of the late second and early third centuries. He is important chiefly because o ...

(c. 160 – c. 240), early Christian *

Herodian Herodian or Herodianus ( el, Ἡρωδιανός) of Syria, sometimes referred to as "Herodian of Antioch" (c. 170 – c. 240), was a minor Roman civil servant who wrote a colourful history in Greek titled ''History of the Empire from the Death o ...

(c. 170 – c. 240), Roman history * Publius Anteius Antiochus (early 3rd c.) * Gaius Asinius Quadratus (fl. 248), Roman history *

Dexippus Publius Herennius Dexippus ( el, Δέξιππος; c. 210–273 AD), Greek historian, statesman and general, was an hereditary priest of the Eleusinian family of the Kerykes, and held the offices of ''archon basileus'' and '' eponymous'' in At ...

(c. 210 – 273), Roman history * Ephorus the Younger (late 3rd century), Roman history * Acholius (late 3rd century), Roman history *

Callinicus Callinicus or Kallinikos ( el, Καλλίνικος) is a surname or male given name; the feminine form is Kalliniki, Callinice or Callinica ( el, Καλλινίκη). It is of Greek origin, meaning "beautiful victor". People named Callinicus Seleu ...

(died 273), history of Alexandria *

Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea (; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος ; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek historian of Christianity, exegete, and Chris ...

(c. 275 – c. 339), early Christian * Praxagoras of Athens (fl. early 4th century), Greek and Roman history * Festus (fl. 370), Roman history * Aurelius Victor (c. 320 – c. 390), Roman history * Eutropius (died 390), Roman history *

Ammianus Marcellinus Ammianus Marcellinus (occasionally anglicised as Ammian) (born , died 400) was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius). His work, known as the ''Res Gestae ...

(c. 325 – c. 391), Roman history *

Virius Nicomachus Flavianus Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (334–394 AD) was a grammarian, a historian and a politician of the Roman Empire. A pagan and close friend of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, he was Praetorian prefect of Italy in 390–392. Under the usurper Eugenius (3 ...

(334–394), Roman history * Sulpicius Alexander (fl. late 4th century), Roman history * Rufinus of Aquileia (c. 340–410), early Christian *

Eunapius Eunapius ( el, Εὐνάπιος; fl. 4th–5th century AD) was a Greek sophist and historian of the 4th century AD. His principal surviving work is the ''Lives of Philosophers and Sophists'' ( grc-gre, Βίοι Φιλοσόφων καὶ Σ� ...

(346–414), biographies of philosophers and universal history *

Orosius Paulus Orosius (; born 375/385 – 420 AD), less often Paul Orosius in English, was a Roman priest, historian and theologian, and a student of Augustine of Hippo. It is possible that he was born in ''Bracara Augusta'' (now Braga, Portugal), t ...

(c. 375 – post-418), early Christian * Philostorgius (368 – c. 439), early Christian *

Socrates of Constantinople Socrates of Constantinople ( 380 – after 439), also known as Socrates Scholasticus ( grc-gre, Σωκράτης ὁ Σχολαστικός), was a 5th-century Greek Christian church historian, a contemporary of Sozomen and Theodoret. He is the ...

(c. 380 – unknown date), early Christian *

Agathangelos Agathangelos (in xcl, Ագաթանգեղոս Agatʿangełos, in Greek "bearer of good news" or angel, 5th century AD ) is the pseudonym of the author of a life of the first apostle of Armenia, Gregory the Illuminator, who died about 332. ...

(5th century), Armenian history *

Priscus Priscus of Panium (; el, Πρίσκος; 410s AD/420s AD-after 472 AD) was a 5th-century Eastern Roman diplomat and Greek historian and rhetorician (or sophist)...: "For information about Attila, his court and the organization of life genera ...

(5th century), Byzantine history *

Sozomen Salamanes Hermias Sozomenos ( grc-gre, Σαλαμάνης Ἑρμείας Σωζομενός; la, Sozomenus; c. 400 – c. 450 AD), also known as Sozomen, was a Roman lawyer and historian of the Christian Church. Family and home He was born aro ...

(c. 400 – c. 450), early Christian *

Theodoret Theodoret of Cyrus or Cyrrhus ( grc-gre, Θεοδώρητος Κύρρου; AD 393 – 458/466) was an influential theologian of the School of Antioch, biblical commentator, and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus (423–457). He played a pi ...

(c. 393 – c. 457), early Christian * Movses Khorenatsi (13 January 410–488), Armenian history *

Hydatius Hydatius, also spelled Idacius (c. 400 – c. 469) was a late Western Roman writer and clergyman. The bishop of Aquae Flaviae in the Roman province of Gallaecia (almost certainly the modern Chaves, Portugal, in the modern district of Vila Real), he ...

(c. 400 – c. 469), chronicler of Hispania * Salvian (c. 400/405 – c. 493), early Christian *

Faustus of Byzantium Faustus of Byzantium (also Faustus the Byzantine, hy, Փաւստոս Բուզանդ, translit=P'awstos Buzand) was an Armenian historian of the 5th century. Faustus' ''History of the Armenians'' (also known as '' Buzandaran Patmut'iwnk) exists ...

(5th c.), Armenian history * Ghazar Parpetsi (441/443–510/515), Armenian history * Zosimus (fl. 491–518), late Roman history *

Jordanes Jordanes (), also written as Jordanis or Jornandes, was a 6th-century Eastern Roman bureaucrat widely believed to be of Gothic descent who became a historian later in life. Late in life he wrote two works, one on Roman history ('' Romana'') an ...

(6th century), history of the Goths *

John Malalas John Malalas ( el, , ''Iōánnēs Malálas''; – 578) was a Byzantine chronicler from Antioch (now Antakya, Turkey). Life Malalas was of Syrian descent, and he was a native speaker of Syriac who learned how to write in Greek later ...

(c. 491–578), Early Christian

China

* Zuo Qiuming (左丘明, 556–451 BCE), attributed author of '' Zuo zhuan'', history of

Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 770 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. The period's name derives fr ...

* Sima Tan (司馬談, 165–110 BCE), historian and father of Sima Qian, who completed his ''

Records of the Grand Historian ''Records of the Grand Historian'', also known by its Chinese name ''Shiji'', is a monumental history of China that is the first of China's 24 dynastic histories. The ''Records'' was written in the early 1st century by the ancient Chinese his ...

'' *

Sima Qian Sima Qian (; ; ) was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220). He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his ''Records of the Grand Historian'', a general history of China covering more than two thousand years be ...

(司馬遷, c. 145 – c. 86 BCE), founder of

Chinese historiography Chinese historiography is the study of the techniques and sources used by historians to develop the recorded history of China. Overview of Chinese history The recording of events in Chinese history dates back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 ...

, compiled ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (though preceded by ''

Book of Documents The ''Book of Documents'' (''Shūjīng'', earlier ''Shu King'') or ''Classic of History'', also known as the ''Shangshu'' (“Venerated Documents”), is one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature. It is a collection of rhetoric ...

'' and '' Zuo zhuan'') * Liu Xiang (劉向, 77–76 BCE) (Chinese

Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by th ...

), Chinese history * Ban Biao (班彪, CE 3–54) (Chinese

), the ''

Book of Han The ''Book of Han'' or ''History of the Former Han'' (Qián Hàn Shū,《前汉书》) is a history of China finished in 111AD, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. ...

'', completed by son and daughter *

Ban Gu Ban Gu (AD32–92) was a Chinese historian, politician, and poet best known for his part in compiling the '' Book of Han'', the second of China's 24 dynastic histories. He also wrote a number of '' fu'', a major literary form, part prose ...

(班固, CE 32–92) (Chinese

), Chinese history * Ban Zhao (班昭, CE 45–116) (Chinese

, China's first female historian) *

Chen Shou Chen Shou (; 233–297), courtesy name Chengzuo (), was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer who lived during the Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China. Chen Shou is most known for his most celebrated work, the '' Records of ...

(陈寿, 233–297) (Chinese Jin dynasty) compiled ''

Records of the Three kingdoms The ''Records or History of the Three Kingdoms'', also known by its Chinese name as the Sanguo Zhi, is a Chinese historical text which covers the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty (c. 184–220 AD) and the Three Kingdoms period (220� ...

'' * Faxian (法顯, c. 337 – c. 422), Chinese Buddhist monk and historian * Fan Ye (范曄, 398–445), Chinese history, compiled the ''

Book of Later Han The ''Book of the Later Han'', also known as the ''History of the Later Han'' and by its Chinese name ''Hou Hanshu'' (), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Lat ...

'' *

Shen Yue Shen Yue (; 441–1 May 513), courtesy name Xiuwen (休文), was a Chinese historian, music theorist, poet, and politician born in Huzhou, Zhejiang. He served emperors under the Liu Song Dynasty, the Southern Qi Dynasty (see Yongming poetry), a ...

(沈約, 441–513), Chinese history of the

Liu Song dynasty Song, known as Liu Song (), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern Dynasty (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties ...

(420–479)

Middle Ages

Byzantine sphere

Procopius Procopius of Caesarea ( grc-gre, Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς ''Prokópios ho Kaisareús''; la, Procopius Caesariensis; – after 565) was a prominent late antique Greek scholar from Caesarea Maritima. Accompanying the Roman gen ...

(c. 500 – c. 565), writings on reigns of

Justinian Justinian I (; la, Iustinianus, ; grc-gre, Ἰουστινιανός ; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized '' renova ...

and Theodora *

Constantine of Preslav Constantine of Preslav () was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of letters working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century. Biographical eviden ...

(late 9th – early 10th c.), Bulgarian historian *

Nestor the Chronicler Saint Nestor the Chronicler ( orv, Несторъ Лѣтописецъ; 1056 – c. 1114, in Principality of Kiev, Kievan Rus') was the reputed author of '' Primary Chronicle'' (the earliest East Slavic letopis), ''Life of the Venerable The ...

(c. 1056 – c. 1114, in Kiev), author of the

Primary Chronicle The ''Tale of Bygone Years'' ( orv, Повѣсть времѧньныхъ лѣтъ, translit=Pověstĭ vremęnĭnyxŭ lětŭ; ; ; ; ), often known in English as the ''Rus' Primary Chronicle'', the ''Russian Primary Chronicle'', or simply the ...

Anna Komnene Anna Komnene ( gr, Ἄννα Κομνηνή, Ánna Komnēnḗ; 1 December 1083 – 1153), commonly Latinized as Anna Comnena, was a Byzantine princess and author of the ''Alexiad'', an account of the reign of her father, the Byzantine emperor, ...

(1083–1153), Byzantine princess *

Joannes Zonaras Joannes or John Zonaras ( grc-gre, Ἰωάννης Ζωναρᾶς ; 1070 – 1140) was a Byzantine Greek historian, chronicler and theologian who lived in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). Under Emperor Alexios I Komnenos he hel ...

(12th c.), Byzantine chronicler * Nicetas Choniates (died c. 1220) * Domentijan (1210–1264), Serbian monk and chronicler

Latin sphere

Early Middle Ages

Gregory of Tours Gregory of Tours (30 November 538 – 17 November 594 AD) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours, which made him a leading prelate of the area that had been previously referred to as Gaul by the Romans. He was born Georgius Floren ...

(538–594), ''A History of the Franks'' * Baudovinia (), Frankish nun who wrote a biography of Radegund *

Cogitosus Cogitosus (fl. c. 650) was an Irish monk, who wrote the ''Vita Sanctae Brigidae''. Life Cogitosus was a monk of Kildare, an important monastery in Ireland, who wrote the oldest extant vita of Saint Brigid, '' Vita Sanctae Brigidae'', around 6 ...

(fl. c. 650), Irish historian *

Tírechán Tírechán was a 7th-century Irish bishop from north Connacht, specifically the Killala Bay area, in what is now County Mayo. Background Based on a knowledge of Irish customs of the times, historian Terry O’Hagan has concluded that Tírechán ...

(fl. c. 655), Irish biographer of

Saint Patrick Saint Patrick ( la, Patricius; ga, Pádraig ; cy, Padrig) was a fifth-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland. Known as the "Apostle of Ireland", he is the primary patron saint of Ireland, the other patron saints b ...

* Muirchu moccu Machtheni (7th c.), Irish historian * Adamnan (625–704), Irish historian *

Bede Bede ( ; ang, Bǣda , ; 672/326 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, The Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable ( la, Beda Venerabilis), was an English monk at the monastery of St Peter and its companion monastery of St Paul in the Kingdom ...

(c. 672–735), Anglo-Saxon England *

Paul the Deacon Paul the Deacon ( 720s 13 April in 796, 797, 798, or 799 AD), also known as ''Paulus Diaconus'', ''Warnefridus'', ''Barnefridus'', or ''Winfridus'', and sometimes suffixed ''Cassinensis'' (''i.e.'' "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, ...

(8th c.), Langobards *

Einhard Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart; la, E(g)inhardus; 775 – 14 March 840) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the ''Vita ...

(9th c.), biographer of

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first E ...

Nennius Nennius – or Nemnius or Nemnivus – was a Welsh monk of the 9th century. He has traditionally been attributed with the authorship of the '' Historia Brittonum'', based on the prologue affixed to that work. This attribution is widely considere ...

(c. 9th c.), Wales * Notker of St Gall (9th c.), anecdotal biography of

Martianus Hiberniensis Martin Hiberniensis (Martin the Irishman) (c. 819 - 875), was a teacher, scribe, and master of the cathedral school at Laon. Background Hiberniensis, "one of the greatest Irish Carolingian scholars," notes that he was an exile in the ''Annals of ...

(819–875), Irish teacher and historian *

Asser Asser (; ; died 909) was a Welsh monk from St David's, Dyfed, who became Bishop of Sherborne in the 890s. About 885 he was asked by Alfred the Great to leave St David's and join the circle of learned men whom Alfred was recruiting for his ...

, Bishop of

Sherborne Sherborne is a market town and civil parish in north west Dorset, in South West England. It is sited on the River Yeo, on the edge of the Blackmore Vale, east of Yeovil. The parish includes the hamlets of Nether Coombe and Lower Clatcombe. ...

(died 908/909), Welsh historian *

Regino of Prüm Regino of Prüm or of Prum ( la, Regino Prumiensis, german: Regino von Prüm; died 915 AD) was a Benedictine monk, who served as abbot of Prüm (892–99) and later of Saint Martin's at Trier, and chronicler, whose ''Chronicon'' is an important so ...

(died 915)

High Middle Ages

10th century

Widukind of Corvey Widukind of Corvey (c. 925after 973) was a medieval Saxon chronicler. His three-volume '' Res gestae Saxonicae sive annalium libri tres'' is an important chronicle of 10th-century Germany during the rule of the Ottonian dynasty. Life In view of ...

(925–973), Ottonian chronicler *

Liutprand of Cremona Liutprand, also Liudprand, Liuprand, Lioutio, Liucius, Liuzo, and Lioutsios (c. 920 – 972),"LIUTPRAND OF CREMONA" in '' The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'', Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 1241. was a historian, diplomat, ...

(922–972), Byzantine affairs *

Heriger of Lobbes Herigerus ( – 31 October 1007) was a Benedictine monk, often known as Heriger of Lobbes for serving as abbot of the abbey of Lobbes between 990 and 1007. Remembered for his writings as theologian and historian, Herigerus was a teacher to numero ...

(925–1007), theologian and historian * Richerus (), French monk and historian

11th century

* Thietmar of Merseburg (25 July 975 – 1 December 1018), German, Polish, and Russian affairs *

Michael Psellus Michael Psellos or Psellus ( grc-gre, Μιχαὴλ Ψελλός, Michaḗl Psellós, ) was a Byzantine Greek monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018, and is believed to hav ...

(1018 – c. 1078), Greek politician and historian * Marianus Scotus (1028–1082/1083), Irish chronicler * Michael Attaleiates (c. 1015 – c. 1080), Byzantine historian *

Guibert of Nogent Guibert de Nogent (c. 1055 – 1124) was a Benedictine historian, theologian and author of autobiographical memoirs. Guibert was relatively unknown in his own time, going virtually unmentioned by his contemporaries. He has only recently caught the ...

(1053–1124),

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

historian *

Eadmer Eadmer or Edmer ( – ) was an English historian, theologian, and ecclesiastic. He is known for being a contemporary biographer of his archbishop and companion, Saint Anselm, in his ''Vita Anselmi'', and for his ''Historia novorum in ...

(c. 1066 – c. 1124), post-Conquest English history *

Adam of Bremen Adam of Bremen ( la, Adamus Bremensis; german: Adam von Bremen) (before 1050 – 12 October 1081/1085) was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. Adam is most famous for his chronicle ''Gest ...

(later 11th century), historian of Scandinavia, '' Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum''

12th century

In alphabetical order: * Albert of Aix (), historian of the

First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic ...

* Alured of Beverley (fl. 1143), English chronicler *

Ambroise Ambroise, sometimes Ambroise of Normandy,This form appeared first in (flourished ) was a Norman poet and chronicler of the Third Crusade, author of a work called ', which describes in rhyming Old French verse the adventures of as a crusader. T ...

(fl. 1190s), Anglo-Norman writer of verse narrative of the

Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity ( Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by ...

(Anna Comnena, 1083 – post-1148), Byzantine princess and historian * Bele Regis Notarius(late 12th century – early 13th century),Hungarian chronicler. Gesta Hungarorum. *

Florence of Worcester Florence of Worcester (died 1118), known in Latin as Florentius, was a monk of Worcester, who played some part in the production of the '' Chronicon ex chronicis'', a Latin world chronicle which begins with the creation and ends in 1140.Keynes, "Fl ...

(died 1118), English chronicler *

Galbert of Bruges Galbert of Bruges (Galbertus notarius Brugensis in Latin) was a Flemish cleric and chronicler. A resident of Bruges and a functionary in the administration of the count of Flanders, he is known for his day-by-day Latin account ''De multro, trad ...

(12th century), Flemish chronicler *

Gallus Anonymus ''Gallus Anonymus'' ( Polonized variant: ''Gall '') is the name traditionally given to the anonymous author of ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (Deeds of the Princes of the Poles), composed in Latin between 1112 and 1118. ''Gallus'' is generally rega ...

(fl. 11th – 12th centuries), Polish historian * Geoffrey Gaimar (fl. 1130s), Anglo-Norman chronicler *

Geoffrey of Monmouth Geoffrey of Monmouth ( la, Galfridus Monemutensis, Galfridus Arturus, cy, Gruffudd ap Arthur, Sieffre o Fynwy; 1095 – 1155) was a British cleric from Monmouth, Wales and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography ...

(c. 1100 – c. 1155), churchman/historian *

Geoffroi de Villehardouin Geoffrey of Villehardouin (c. 1150 – c. 1213) was a French knight and historian who participated in and chronicled the Fourth Crusade. He is considered one of the most important historians of the time period,Smalley, p. 131 best known for wr ...

(c. 1160–1212) *

Helmold of Bosau Helmold of Bosau (ca. 1120 – after 1177) was a Saxon historian of the 12th century and a priest at Bosau near Plön. He was a friend of the two bishops of Oldenburg in Holstein, Vicelinus (died 1154) and Gerold (died 1163), who did much to ...

(ca. 1120 – post-1177), German chronicler *

John of Worcester John of Worcester (died c. 1140) was an English monk and chronicler who worked at Worcester Priory. He is usually held to be the author of the ''Chronicon ex chronicis''. ''Chronicon ex chronicis'' The ''Chronicon ex chronicis'' is a world wi ...

(fl. 1150s), English chronicler *

Otto of Freising Otto of Freising ( la, Otto Frisingensis; c. 1114 – 22 September 1158) was a German churchman of the Cistercian order and chronicled at least two texts which carries valuable information on the political history of his own time. He was Otto I ...

(c. 1114–1158), German chronicler *

Pelagius of Oviedo Pelagius (or Pelayo) of Oviedo (died 28 January 1153) was a medieval ecclesiastic, historian, and forger who served the Diocese of Oviedo as an auxiliary bishop from 1098 and as bishop from 1102 until his deposition in 1130 and again from 1142 to ...

(died 1153), Iberian bishop/historian * Saxo Grammaticus (12th century), Danish chronicler * Svend Aagesen (c. 1140/1150 – unknown date), Danish historian * Symeon of Durham (died post-1129), English chronicler *

William of Malmesbury William of Malmesbury ( la, Willelmus Malmesbiriensis; ) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century. He has been ranked among the most talented English historians since Bede. Modern historian C. Warren Hollister described him as " ...

(1095–1143), English historian *

William of Newburgh William of Newburgh or Newbury ( la, Guilelmus Neubrigensis, ''Wilhelmus Neubrigensis'', or ''Willelmus de Novoburgo''. 1136 – 1198), also known as William Parvus, was a 12th-century English historian and Augustinian canon of Anglo-Saxon de ...

(1135–1198), English historian called "the father of historical criticism" * William of Tyre (c. 1128–1186)

13th century

Giraldus Cambrensis Gerald of Wales ( la, Giraldus Cambrensis; cy, Gerallt Gymro; french: Gerald de Barri; ) was a Cambro-Norman priest and historian. As a royal clerk to the king and two archbishops, he travelled widely and wrote extensively. He studied and taugh ...

(c. 1146 – c. 1223) *

Wincenty Kadlubek Wincenty is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Ryszard Wincenty Berwiński (1817–1879), Polish poet * Wincenty Budzyński (1815–1866), Polish politician agent and Polish–French chess master * Wincenty de Lesseur (born 1745) ...

(1161–1223), Polish historian * Adam of Eynsham (died c. 1233), English hagiographer and writer, abbot of

Eynsham Abbey Eynsham Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Eynsham, Oxfordshire, in England between 1005 and 1538. King Æthelred allowed Æthelmær the Stout to found the abbey in 1005. There is some evidence that the abbey was built on the site of an earli ...

Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson ( ; ; 1179 – 22 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of th ...

(c. 1178–1241), Icelandic historian *

Matthew Paris Matthew Paris, also known as Matthew of Paris ( la, Matthæus Parisiensis, lit=Matthew the Parisian; c. 1200 – 1259), was an English Benedictine monk, chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts and cartographer, based at St Albans Abbey ...

(died 1259), English chronicler and illuminator * Jans der Enikel (c. 1227 – c. 1290), Viennese historian and poet * Templar of Tyre (c. 1230–1314), end of the

Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were ...

* Simon of Kéza. End of 13th century. A Hungarian chronicler. (c. 1282–1285: Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum)

Late Middle Ages

''Historians of the Italian Renaissance listed under "Renaissance"'' * Piers Langtoft (died c. 1307) *

Jean de Joinville Jean de Joinville (, c. 1 May 1224 – 24 December 1317) was one of the great chroniclers of medieval France. He is most famous for writing the ''Life of Saint Louis'', a biography of Louis IX of France that chronicled the Seventh Crusade.''V ...

(1224–1319) * Giovanni Villani (1276–1348), Italian chronicler from Florence who wrote the ''

Nuova Cronica The ''Nuova Cronica'' (also: ''Nova Cronica'') or '' New Chronicles'' is a 14th-century history of Florence created in a year-by-year linear format and written by the Italian banker and official Giovanni Villani (c. 1276 or 1280–1348). T ...

' *

John of Küküllő John of Küküllő ( 13201393) was a Hungarian clergyman, royal official and historian. Family Born as John Apród of Tótsolymos, John was the son of Miklós Apród, a nobleman who received Tótsolymos (now Šarišské Sokolovce in Slovakia) ...

(1320–1393) *

John Clyn John Clyn, O.F.M. (c. 1286 – c. 1349), of the Friars Minor, Kilkenny, was a 14th-century Irish friar and chronicler who lived at the time of the Black Death. Background Clyn was probably born in Leinster some years prior to 1300, possibly ...

(), Irish historian *

Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372) was an Irish Gaelic poet. Background Ó Dubhagáinn was among the first notable members of the bardic family Baile Uí Dhubhagáin (Ballyduggan), near Loughrea, County Galway. He was accorded the rank ol ...

(died 1372), Irish historian * Adhamh Ó Cianáin (died 1373) *

John of Fordun John of Fordun (before 1360 – c. 1384) was a Scottish chronicler. It is generally stated that he was born at Fordoun, Mearns. It is certain that he was a secular priest, and that he composed his history in the latter part of the 14th ...

(died 1384), Scottish chronicler * Ruaidhri Ó Cianáin (died 1387), Irish historian *

Jean Froissart Jean Froissart (Old and Middle French: ''Jehan'', – ) (also John Froissart) was a French-speaking medieval author and court historian from the Low Countries who wrote several works, including ''Chronicles'' and ''Meliador'', a long Arthurian ...

(c. 1337 – c. 1405), chronicler * Dietrich of Nieheim (c. 1345–1418), ecclesiastical history *

Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan or Pisan (), born Cristina da Pizzano (September 1364 – c. 1430), was an Italian poet and court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French dukes. Christine de Pizan served as a court writer in medieval France ...

(c. 1365 – c. 1430), historian, poet and philosopher *

Álvar García de Santa María Álvar García de Santa María (1370 – March 21, 1460) was a Spanish historian and Jewish convert to Roman Catholicism during the late Middle Ages. He was born in 1370 into a prominent Castilian Jewish family, but converted in 1390 at the time of ...

(1370–1460) * Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh (fl. 1390–1418) *

John Capgrave John Capgrave (21 April 1393 – 12 August 1464) was an English historian, hagiographer and scholastic theologian, remembered chiefly for ''Nova Legenda Angliae'' (New Reading from England). This was the first comprehensive collection of lives ...

(1393–1464) * Alfonso de Cartagena (1396–1456) * Enguerrand de Monstrelet (c. 1400–1453), French chronicler * Georges Chastellain (c. 1405 or 1415–1475), Burgundian chronicler *

Thomas Basin Thomas Basin (1412–1491) was a French bishop of Lisieux and historian. Biography Basin was born at Caudebec in Normandy, but in the devastation caused by the Hundred Years' War, his childhood was itinerant. He was taken from Caudebec in 1415 ...

(1412–1491), French historian *

Jan Długosz Jan Długosz (; 1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known in Latin as Johannes Longinus, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków. He is considered Poland's first histo ...

(1415–1480), Polish historian and chronicler * Mathieu d'Escouchy (1420–1482), French chronicler *

Olivier de la Marche Olivier de la Marche (1425–1502) was a courtier, soldier, chronicler and poet in the last decades of the independent Duchy of Burgundy. He was close to Charles the Bold, and after his death held the important position of maître d'hotel to his ...

(1425–1502), Burgundian chronicler *

Antonio Bonfini Antonio Bonfini (Latin variant: ''Antonius Bonfinius'') (1427‒1502) was an Italian humanist and poet who spent the last years of his career as a court historian in Hungary with King Matthias Corvinus Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias ...

(1424–1502), Italian chronicler * Johannes de Thurocz(1435–1489), Hungarian chronicler * Jean Molinet (1435–1507), French chronicler *

Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa (February 1439 – March 1498) was an Irish historian. He was the principal compiler of the ''Annals of Ulster'', along with the scribe Ruaidhrí Ó Luinín. He was also chief of the McManus clan from 1488 to 1498. Referen ...

(1439–1498), compiler and annalist * Philippe de Commines (1447–1511)

Islamic world

Ibn Rustah Ahmad ibn Rustah Isfahani ( fa, احمد ابن رسته اصفهانی ''Aḥmad ibn Rusta Iṣfahānī''), more commonly known as Ibn Rustah (, also spelled ''Ibn Rusta'' and ''Ibn Ruste''), was a tenth-century Persian explorer and geographer ...

(10th century), Persian historian and traveler * Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi (995–1077), Persian historian and author *

Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari ( ar, أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري), more commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (), was a Muslim historian and scholar from Amol, Tabaristan. Among the most prominent figures of the Islamic Golden Age, al-Tabari ...

(838–923), Persian historian *

Al-Biruni Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973 – after 1050) commonly known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian in scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age. He has been called variously the "founder of Indology", "Father of Co ...

(973–1048), Persian historian * Ibn Hayyan (987–1075), Al-Andalus historian *

Ibn Hazm Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm ( ar, أبو محمد علي بن احمد بن سعيد بن حزم; also sometimes known as al-Andalusī aẓ-Ẓāhirī; 7 November 994 – 15 August 1064Ibn Hazm. ' (Preface). Tr ...

(994–1064), Al-Andalus historian *

Al-Udri Al-Udri or Al-Udhri (in full ''Abu al-abbas Ahmad ibn Umar ibn Anas ibn Dilhat ibn Abu al-Jiyar Anas ibn Faladan ibn Imran ibn Munayb ibn Zugayba ibn Qutba al-Udri'', ar, أحمد بن عمر بن انس بن دله� ...

(born 1003), Al-Andalus historian *

Mohammed al-Baydhaq Abu Bakr Mohammed ibn Ali al Sanhaji al-Baydhaq () (died after 1164) was a Moroccan historian mainly known as a companion of Ibn Tumart and chronicler of the Almohads. Al-Baydhaq (meaning pawn) was his nickname, because he was small in stature. H ...

(), Moroccan historian * Usamah ibn Munqidh (1095–1188) *

Ali ibn al-Athir Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ash-Shaybānī, better known as ʿAlī ʿIzz ad-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī ( ar, علي عز الدین بن الاثیر الجزري) lived 1160–1233) was an Arab or Kurdish historian ...

(1160–1233) * Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (born 1185), Moroccan historian * Ibn al-Khabbaza (died 1239), Moroccan historian *

Ata al-Mulk Juvayni Atâ-Malek Juvayni (1226–1283) ( fa, عطاملک جوینی), in full, Ala al-Din Ata-ullah (), was a Persian historian and an official of the Mongol state who wrote an account of the Mongol Empire entitled '' Tarīkh-i Jahān-gushā'' (' ...

(1226–1283), Persian historian * Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi (died 1298), Moroccan historian * Ibn Abi Zar (fl. 1315), Moroccan historian * Ibn Idhari (late 13th/early 14th c.), Moroccan historian *Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1317), Persian historian *Abdullah Wassaf (1299–1323), Persian historian *Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), North African historian "of the world" *Ismail ibn al-Ahmar (1387–1406), Moroccan historian

Far East

*Fang Xuanling (房玄齡, 579–648, Chinese Tang dynasty) compiled the ''Book of Jin''. *Yao Silian (姚思廉, died 637, Chinese Tang dynasty) compiled the ''Book of Liang'' and ''Book of Chen''. *Wei Zheng (魏徵, 580–643), Chinese historian and lead editor of the ''Book of Sui'' *Liu Zhiji (劉知幾, 661–721), Chinese history, author of ''Shitong'', the first Chinese work on

and methods *Ō no Yasumaro (太安万侶, died 723), Japanese chronicler and editor of ''Kojiki'' and ''Nihon Shoki'' *Liu Xu (劉昫,888–947), Chinese historian and lead editor of ''Old Book of Tang'' *Li Fang (Song dynasty), Li Fang (李昉, 925–996), Chinese editor of ''Four Great Books of Song'' *Song Qi (宋祁, 998–1061), Chinese historian and co-author of ''New Book of Tang'' *Ouyang Xiu (歐陽脩, 1007–1072), Chinese historian and co-author of ''New Book of Tang'' *Sima Guang (司馬光, 1019–1086), Chinese historiographer and politician *Kim Bu-sik (김부식, 1075–1151), Korean historian, author of Samguk Sagi *Il-yeon (일연, 1206–1289), Korean historian, author of Samguk Yusa *Lê Văn Hưu (黎文休, 1230–1322), Vietnamese history *Toqto'a (Yuan dynasty), Toqto'a (脫脫, 1314–1356) (Chinese Yuan dynasty), Mongol historian who compiled ''History of Song (Yuan dynasty), History of Song'' *Song Lian (宋濂, 1310–1381) (Chinese Ming dynasty), wrote ''History of Yuan'' *Zhu Quan (朱權, 1378–1448), Chinese history

South Asia

*Kalhana (c. 12th century), historian of Kashmir and Indian Subcontinent *Hemachandra (12th century), Jain polymath *Abdul Malik Isami (14th century), Indian historian and poet *Jonaraja (15th century) Kashmiris, Kashmiri historian and Sanskrit poet *Padmanābha (15th century), Indian poet and historian *Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi (15th century), Delhi Sultanate

Renaissance to early modern

Renaissance Europe

:''Western historians during the Italian Renaissance or Northern Renaissance; those born post-1600 listed under "early modern"'' *Baldassarre Bonaiuti (1336–1385), chronicler and historian of the 14th century *Leonardo Bruni (1370–1444), humanist historian *Flavio Biondo (1392–1463), humanist historian * Philippe de Commines (1447–1511), French historian *Robert Fabyan (died 1513), London alderman and chronicler *Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), author of ''Florentine Histories'' *Hector Boece (1465–1536), Scottish philosopher and historian, author of ''Historia Gentis Scotorum'' *Albert Krantz (1450–1517), German historian *Polydore Vergil (c. 1470–1555), Tudor history *Stephanus Brodericus (1480–1539), Croatian Hungarian bishop. Stephani Broderici narratio de praelio quo ad Mohatzium anno 1526 Ludovicus Hungariae rex periit(''De conflictu Hungarorum cum Turcis ad Mohacz verissima historia)'' *Francesco Guicciardini (1483–1540), historian of the Italian Wars, "Storia d'Italia" *Paolo Giovio (1486–1552), historian of the Italian Wars and the Renaissance Papacy, ''Historiae'' *Paolo Sarpi (1552–1623), historian of the Council of Trent *Olaus Magnus (c. 1490–1570), Swedish ecclesiastic *Gáspár Heltai, Kaspar Helth (1490–1574), Transylvanian Saxon historian and Protestant preacher. *Nicolaus Olahus (1493–1568), Hungarian/Wallachian chronicler
H
*João de Barros (1496–1570), Portuguese historian *Aegidius Tschudi (1505–1572), Swiss historian *Josias Simmler (1530–1576), Swiss classicist *Ferenc Forgách, Bishop of Várad (1530–1577) Hungarian historian *Arild Huitfeldt (1546–1609), Denmark *Raphael Holinshed (died c. 1580), chronicler, source for Shakespeare plays *Caesar Baronius (1538–1607), ecclesiastical historian *Sigismund von Herberstein (1486–1566), Muscovite affairs *Miklós Istvánffy (1538–1615) Hungarian historian *Paolo Paruta (1540–1598), Venetian historian *Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), Spanish historian of Inca history *István Szamosközy (1570–1612), Hungarian historian. *Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin (). Irish historian

Early modern period

''Western historians of the Early modern and Enlightenment period, c. 1600–1815'' *John Hayward (historian), John Hayward (1564–1627) *James Ussher (1581–1656), chronology of the history of the world *Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1581–1647), Dutch Republic *William Bradford (Plymouth governor), William Bradford (1590–1657), Mayflower/Plymouth Colony of America *Mícheál Ó Cléirigh (c. 1590–1643), Irish historian *Thomas Fuller (1608–1661), English historian and churchman *Tadhg Óg Ó Cianáin (died c. 1614), Irish historian *Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh (Peregrine O'Clery) (died c. 1662/1664), Irish historian *Sir James Ware (1594–1666), Anglo-Irish historian and antiquarian *Arthur Wilson (writer), Arthur Wilson (1595–1652), 16th-century Britain *Placido Puccinelli (1609–1685), Italian historian *Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange (1610–1688), Medieval and Byzantine historian and philologist *Mary Bonaventure Browne (c. 1610 – c. 1670), Poor Clare and Ireland, Irish historian *Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain (), Irish historian *Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh (1629–1716/1718), Irish historian *Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont (1637–1698), ecclesiastical historian *Christoph Cellarius (1638–1707), German universal historian *John Strype (1643–1737), English historian *Thomas Rymer (c. 1643–1713), English historian and antiquary *Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh (fl. 1643–1671), Irish historian, annalist, genealogist *Geoffrey Keating/Seathrún Céitinn (died 1643), Irish historian *Đorđe Branković (count), Đorđe Branković (1645–1711), Serbian history *Josiah Burchett (1666–1746), British naval historian and CEmiralty official *Laurence Echard (c. 1670–1730), England *Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), Italy *Manuel Teles da Silva, 3rd Marquis of Alegrete (1682–1736), Portuguese historian *Matthias Bel (1684–1749), Lutheranism, Lutheran pastor and polymath from Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867), Kingdom of Hungary *Moses Williams (antiquarian), Moses Williams (1685–1742), Welsh scholar and antiquarian *Archibald Bower (1686–1766), historian of Rome *Vasily Tatishchev (1686–1750), first historian of modern Russia *Giambattista Vico (1688–1744), Italian historian, first modern philosopher of history *Voltaire (1694–1778), writer on Europe and France *Johann Lorenz Von Mosheim (1694–1755), Lutheran historian *Charlotta Frölich (1698–1770), Swedish historian *Francis Blomefield (1705–1752), historian of Norfolk, England *David Hume (1711–1776), ''History of England'' *Thomas Hutchinson (governor), Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780), colonial Massachusetts *Francisco Jose Freire (1719–1773), Portuguese historian and philologist *William Robertson (historian), William Robertson (1721–1793), Scottish historian *György Pray (1723–1801), Hungarian abbot and historian *Zaharije Orfelin (1726–1785), Austrian Serb historian *Johann Christoph Gatterer (1727–1799), German historian *Edward Hasted (1732–1812), Kent, England *Mikhail Shcherbatov (1733–1790), Russian historian *August Ludwig von Schlözer (1735–1809), German historian *John Barrow (historian), John Barrow (fl. 1735–1774), English naval historian and geographer *Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), Roman Empire and Byzantium *Alexander Hewat (or Hewatt) (1739–1824), colonial Carolina and Georgia *Benjamin Incledon (1730–1796), English antiquary and school historian *Philip Yorke (antiquary), Philip Yorke (1743–1804), Welsh historian and politician *Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), philosophy of the history of mankind *Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra (1745–1813), Spanish historian *David Ramsay (congressman), David Ramsay (1749–1815), American Revolution; South Carolina *Johannes von Müller (1752–1809), Switzerland *Pauline de Lézardière (1754–1835), French law historian *Anton Tomaz Linhart (1756–1795), known for Slovenian history *Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805), German historian *Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766–1826), Russian historian, Russian Empire *György Fejér (1766–1851) Hungarian author *Francesco Maria Appendini (1768–1837), Italian historian, Republic of Ragusa *Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769–1860), German historian

Middle East and Islamic Empires

*Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni (1540–1615), Indo-Persian historian *Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi (1553–1616), Moroccan historian *Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali (1549–1621), Moroccan historian *Bahrey (born 1593), Ethiopian monk and historian; wrote ''Zenahu le Galla'' (History of the Galla, now the Oromo people, Oromo) *Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi (1631–1685), Moroccan historian *Mohammed al-Ifrani (1670–1745), Moroccan historian *Mohammed al-Qadiri (1712–1773), Moroccan historian *Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani (1734–1833), Moroccan historian and poet *Sulayman al-Hawwat (1747–1816), Moroccan historian *Mohammed al-Duayf (born 1752), Moroccan historian *Abbasgulu Bakikhanov (1794–1847), history of Azerbaijan and the Middle East *George Grote (1794–1871), classical Greece *Teimuraz Bagrationi (1782–1846), history of Georgia and the Caucasus *Mohammed Akensus (1797–1877), Moroccan historian

Far East

*Qian Qianyi (銭謙益, 1582–1664, late Chinese Ming dynasty) *Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉, 1672–1755, Chinese Qing dynasty) compiled the ''History of Ming''. *Qian Daxin (錢大昕, 1728–1804, Chinese Qing dynasty) *Chang Hsüeh-ch'eng (章學誠, 1738–1801), Chinese historian, local histories and essays on historiography *Yu Deuk-gong (유득공, 1749–1807), Korean historian

Modern historians

Historians flourishing post-1815, born post-1770

In alphabetical order: *Lucy Aikin (1781–1864), English historical writer and biographer *Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet, Archibald Alison (1792–1867), English historian *Thomas Arnold (1795–1842), English historian and educator *Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), French Revolution, Germany *Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864), Lithuanian *Charles Dezobry (1798–1871), French historian and historical novelist *John Colin Dunlop (c. 1785–1842), Scottish historian *George Finlay (1799–1875), Greece *Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), Swedish nationalist historian *François Guizot (1787–1874), French historian of general French, English history *Henry Hallam (1777–1859), Medieval European history *Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), German philosopher of history *Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), German historian and polymath *Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), Polish historian *Heinrich Leo (1799–1878), Prussian historian *John Lingard (1771–1851), England *Louis Gabriel Michaud (1773–1858), French *Jules Michelet (1798–1874), French *François Mignet (1796–1884), French historian of the Revolution, Middle Ages *Christian Molbech (1783–1857), Danish history, founder of ''Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark), Historisk Tidsskrift'' (1839) *John Neal (writer), John Neal (1793–1876), US Revolutionary War and US literature *Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), German historian *František Palacký (1798–1876), Czech *William H. Prescott (1796–1859), US historian of Spain, Mexico, Peru *Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), European diplomacy; influential German historian *Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877), French historian of the Revolution, Empire *George Tucker (politician), George Tucker (1775–1861), US history

Historians born in the 19th century

A

*John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, Lord Acton (1834–1902), Europe *Henry Brooks Adams, Henry Adams (1838–1918), US 1800–1816 *Lucia H. Faxon Additon (1847-1919), Oregon *Grace Aguilar (1816–1847), Jewish history *Robert G. Albion (1896–1983), maritime *Charles McLean Andrews (1863–1943), US; US colonial history *Marie Célestine Amélie d'Armaillé (1830-1918), France *Alfred von Arneth (1819–1897), history of the Austrian Empire *Mikhail Illarionovich Artamonov, Mikhail Artamonov (1898–1972), founder of Khazar studies *William Ashley (economic historian), William Ashley (1860–1927), British economic history *Octave Aubry (1881–1946) *François Victor Alphonse Aulard (1849–1928), French Revolution and Napoleon I *Zurab Avalishvili (1876–1944), history of Georgia (country), Georgia and the Caucasus

B

*Jacques Bainville (1879–1936), France *George Bancroft (1800–1891), US to 1789 *Hubert Howe Bancroft (1832–1918), Native Americans and the Western United States *R. Mildred Barker (1897–1990), Shakers, religion *Harry Elmer Barnes (1889–1968), World War I; ideas *Vasily Bartold, Wilhelm Barthold (1869–1930), Muslim and Turkic studies *Charles Bean (1879–1968), Australia in World War I *Charles A. Beard (1874–1948), US, economic interpretation, historiography *Mary Ritter Beard (1876–1958), US, women's history *Carl L. Becker (1873–1945), Enlightenment *Winthrop Pickard Bell (1884–1965), Nova Scotia *Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953), Europe *Ella A. Bigelow (1849–1917), Massachusetts, U.S. *Marc Bloch (1886–1944), medieval France; Annales School *Herbert Eugene Bolton (1870–1953), Spanish-US borderlands *Erich Brandenburg (1868–1946), Modern Germany *George Williams Brown (1894–1963), Canada *Otto Brunner (1898–1982), medieval and early modern Austria *Geoffrey Bruun (1899–1988), Europe *Arthur Bryant (1888–1985), Pepys; English warfare * James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, James Bryce, (1838-1922), Europe, America, Middle East *Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–1862), England, ''History of Civilization'' *Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897), art history, Europe, Renaissance *John Hill Burton (1809–1881), Scottish Jacobin history *J. B. Bury (1861–1927), classical, Europe

C

*Helen Cam (1885–1968), English medieval *Pierre Caron (historian), Pierre Caron (1875–1952), French revolution *E. H. Carr (1892–1982), Soviet history, methodology *Henri Raymond Casgrain (1831–1904), French Canada *Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897), Spanish historian *Américo Castro (1885–1972), Spanish identity *Bruce Catton (1899–1978), American Civil War *Baron de César Bazancourt, Cesar de Bazancourt (1810–1865), Crimean War *Nirad C. Chaudhuri (1897–1999), India *Boris Chicherin (1828–1904), Russian historian, history of Russian law *Hiram M. Chittenden (1858–1917), US West, fur trade *Winston Churchill (1874–1965), world wars, British Empire *Augustin Cochin (historian), Augustin Cochin (1876–1916), French Revolution *Stephen F. Cohen (1938–2020), Russia *R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943), philosophy of history *Julian Corbett (1854–1922), British naval *Vladimir Ćorović (1885–1941), Serbia *Avery Craven (1885–1980), US South *Edward Shepherd Creasy (1812–1878), warfare *Benedetto Croce (1866–1952), historiography *Margaret Campbell Speke Cruwys (1894–1968), Devon *John Shelton Curtiss (1899–1983), Soviet Union

D

*Felix Dahn (1834–1912), medieval *Angie Debo (1890–1988), Native American and Oklahoma history *Léopold Victor Delisle, Léopold Delisle (1826–1910), French historian and librarian *Bernard DeVoto (1897–1955), US West *Margarita Diez-Colunje y Pombo (1838–1919), Colombia *William Dodd (ambassador), William Dodd (1869–1940), US South *David C. Douglas (1898–1982), Norman England *Johann Gustav Droysen (1808–1884), German history *Sir George Duff-Sutherland-Dunbar, 6th Baronet, Sir George Dunbar (1878–1962), India *Ariel Durant (1898–1981), Europe *Will Durant (1885–1981), Europe

E

*Norbert Elias (1897–1990), process of civilization *Ephraim Emerton (1851–1935), medieval Europe *Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), historical materialism

F

*Cyril Falls (1888–1971), military, world wars *Lucien Febvre (1878–1956), France *Keith Feiling (1884–1977), England, conservatism *Herbert Feis (1893–1972), World War II diplomacy, international finance *Charles Harding Firth (1857–1936), 17th-century England *H. A. L. Fisher, Herbert A. L. Fisher (1865–1940) *Walter Lynwood Fleming (1874–1932), US reconstruction *Vilmos Fraknói (27 February 1843 – 20 November 1924), a Hungarian historian and expert in Hungarian ecclesiastical history e. g. Popes and Hungarian kings diplomatic relations *Edward Augustus Freeman (1823–1892), English politics *Egon Friedell (1878–1938), cultural history of the modern age *James Anthony Froude (1818–1894), Tudor England *J. F. C. Fuller (1878–1966), military *Frantz Funck-Brentano (1862–1947), France *John Sydenham Furnivall (1878–1960), Burma, Southeast Asia *Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (1830–1889), antiquity, France

G

*François-Louis Ganshof (1895–1980), medieval history *Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902), 17th-century England *Alice Gardner (1854–1927), ancient history *Luise Gerbing (1855–1927), history of Thuringia *Pieter Geyl (1887–1966), Dutch *Lawrence Henry Gipson (1882–1970), British Empire before 1775 *Arthur Giry (1848–1899), diplomacy *Gustave Glotz (1862–1935), Ancient Greece *George Peabody Gooch (1873–1968), modern diplomacy *Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937), political history *Timofey Granovsky (1813–1855), medieval Germany *Elizabeth Caroline Gray (1800–1887), Etruscan civilization, Etruscan history *John Richard Green (1837–1883), English *Mary Anne Everett Green (1818–1895), English *Arthur Griffiths (author), Arthur Griffiths (1838–1908), military history *Lionel Groulx (1878–1967), Quebec *René Grousset (1885–1952), Oriental history

H

*Élie Halévy (1870–1937), modern Britain *Louis Halphen (1880–1950), Middle Ages *Clarence H. Haring (1885–1960), Latin American history *B. H. Liddell Hart (1895–1970), military *Charles H. Haskins (1870–1937), medieval *Henri Hauser (1866–1946), French historian, economist, geographer *Julien Havet (1853–1893), Middle Ages *Paul Hazard (1878–1944), modern France *Eli Heckscher (1879–1954), Swedish economic historian *Auguste Himly (1823–1906), French historian and geographer * Otto Hintze (1861–1940), Germany *Mihály Horváth (1809–1878), Hungary *Henry Hoyle Howorth (1842–1923), British historian and geologist *Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866–1934), Ukrainian historian *Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), Dutch historian, author of ''Waning of the Middle Ages''

I

*Ibn Zaydan (1873–1946), Moroccan historian *Dmitry Ilovaisky (1832–1920), Russian history *Marilla Baker Ingalls (US, 1828–1902), Burmese missionary and historian *Harold Innis (1894–1952), Canadian economic history

J

*Mohammed ibn Jaafar al-Kattani (1858–1927), Moroccan *Muhammad Jaber (1875–1945), history of the Levant and the Middle-East *William James (naval historian), William James (1780–1827), historian of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars *Ivane Javakhishvili (1876–1940), Georgia (country), Georgian historian *Arthur Johnson (historian), Arthur Johnson (1845–1927), historian at Oxford University *Ellen Jørgensen (historian), Ellen Jørgensen (1877–1948), Danish historian and historiographer

K

*Samuel Kamakau (1815–1876), Hawaiian historian *Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885), Russian historian, history of Russian laws *François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann (1802–1868), French political historian *Hans Kelsen (1881–1973), legal *P. M. C. Kermode, Philip Moore Callow Kermode (1855–1932), Isle of Man, Manx crosses and runic inscriptions *Alexander William Kinglake (1809–1891), works on the Crimean War *William Kingsford (1819–1898), Canadian *Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841–1911), Russian history *David Knowles (scholar), David Knowles (1896–1974), English medieval *Lilian Knowles (1870–1926), English economic historian *Dudley Wright Knox (1877–1960), US naval historian *Ludwig von Köchel (1800–1877), writer, botanist and music historian *Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817–1891), Romanian *Hans Kohn (1891–1971), European nationalism *Nikodim Kondakov (1844–1925), Byzantine art *Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Mehmet Fuad Köprülü (1890–1966), Turkish historian *Nikolay Kostomarov (1817–1885), Russian and Ukrainian history *Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921), economics, sociology and political history *Godefroid Kurth (1847–1916), Belgian historian

L

*Leonard Woods Labaree (1897–1980), editor of the Benjamin Franklin papers *Harold Lamb (1892–1962), US *Karl Lamprecht (1856–1915), German art and economic history *William L. Langer (1896–1977), US historian, world and diplomatic history *John Knox Laughton (1830–1915), British naval historian *Ernest Lavisse (1842–1922), French history *William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838–1903), England and Ireland *Georges Lefebvre (1874–1959), French Revolution *Elisabeth Lemke (1849–1925) German history *Anna Lewis (1885–1961), South-western US *Liang Qichao (梁啓超, 1873–1929), Chinese and Western history and historiography *John Edward Lloyd (1861–1947), Welshness *Ferdinand Lot (1866–1952), Middle Ages *Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (1873–1962), intellectual history *Arthur R. M. Lower (1889–1988), Canadian *György Lukács (1885–1971), history of literature, art history and philosophy of history

M

*Thomas Macaulay (1800–1859), British *R. B. McCallum (1898–1973) British *J. D. Mackie (1887–1978), Scottish *William Archibald Mackintosh (1895–1970), Canadian economic *Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914), naval *Frederic William Maitland (1850–1906), English legal, medieval *Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1888–1980), Indian history *John Marriott (British politician), J. A. R. Marriott (1859–1945), modern Britain and Europe *Karl Marx (1818–1883), European society and economy *Albert Mathiez (1874–1932), French Revolution *Franz Mehring (1846–1919), political history, history of philosophy *Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954), German intellectual and cultural *Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), Macedonian historian and author *Auguste Molinier (1851–1904), Middle Ages *Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903), Roman Empire *Alfred Morel-Fatio (1850–1924), Spain *Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976), naval, American colonial *John Lothrop Motley (1814–1877), the Netherlands *Lewis Mumford (1895–1988), cities

N

*Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888–1960), 18th-century British and 20th-century diplomatic history *Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri (1835–1897), Moroccan *J. E. Neale (1890–1975), Elizabethan England *Allan Nevins (1890–1971), US political and business; Civil War; biography *A. P. Newton (1873–1942), British Empire *Stojan Novaković (1842–1915), Serbian

O

*Charles Oman (1860–1946), 19th-century military *Herbert L. Osgood (1855–1918), American colonial

P

*K. M. Panikkar (1895–1963), Indian historian *Cesare Paoli (1840–1902), Italian history *Gaston Paris (1839–1903), Middle Ages *Jane Marsh Parker (1836-1913), US history *Francis Parkman (1823–1893), colonial North America *Herbert Paul (1853–1935), 19th-century UK *Henry Francis Pelham (1846–1907), Roman *Samuel W. Pennypacker (1843–1916), Pennsylvania history *Dexter Perkins (1889–1984), US history *Ivy Pinchbeck (1898–1982), English women and children *Henri Pirenne (1862–1935), Belgian and medieval European history *Sergey Platonov (1860–1933), Russian *Mikhail Pokrovsky (1868–1932), economics and Soviet history *Albert Pollard (1869–1948), Tudor England *Delia Lyman Porter (1858-1933), US history *Datto Vaman Potdar (1890–1979), Indian historian *Eileen Power (1889–1940), Middle Ages *F. M. Powicke (1879–1963, English medieval *H. F. M. Prescott (1896–1972), biographer of Mary I of England and medieval History

Q

*Jules Etienne Joseph Quicherat, Jules Quicherat (1814–1882), Middle Ages

R

*William Pember Reeves (1857–1932), New Zealand *Pierre Renouvin (1893–1974), diplomatic historian *Herbert Richmond (1871–1946), British naval *James Riker (1822–1889), New York *B. H. Roberts (1857–1933), Mormon *James Harvey Robinson (1863–1936), European *Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), US west and naval history *John Holland Rose (1855–1942), modern Europe, Britain and France *Michael Rostovtzeff (1870–1952), ancient history *Hans Rothfels (1891–1976), modern German *Simon Rutar (1851–1903), Slovenian *Ilarion Ruvarac (1832–1905), Serbian

S

*Abram L. Sachar (1899–1993), modern European history *Govind Sakharam Sardesai (1865–1959), Indian *Salamon Ferenc (1825–1892), Ottoman Hungary *Richard G. Salomon (1884–1966), medieval and church *Jadunath Sarkar (1870–1958), history of India *George Sarton (1884–1956), history of science *Gustave Schlumberger (1844–1929), French *Otto Seeck (1850–1921), German *John Robert Seeley (1834–1895), British Empire *J. Salwyn Schapiro (1879–1973), fascism *Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. (1888–1965) US social history *W. C. Sellar (1898–1951), co-author of ''1066 and All That'' *Shin Chaeho (신채호, 1880–1936), Korean *Adam Shortt (1859–1931), Canadian *Charlotte Fell Smith (1851–1937), English early modern *Goldwin Smith (1823–1910), British and Canadian *Justin Harvey Smith (1857–1930), Mexican–American War *Sergey Solovyov (historian), Sergey Solovyov (1820–1879), Russian historian *Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), world; ''The Decline of the West'' *Stanoje Stanojević (1874–1937), Serbia *Wickham Steed (1871–1956), Eastern Europe *Frank Stenton (1880–1967), English medieval *Doris Mary Stenton (1894–1971), English medieval *Floyd Benjamin Streeter (1888–1956), Kansas, American West *William Stubbs (1825–1902), English law *László Szalay (1813–1864) Hungarian historian

T

*Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893), French Revolution *Frank Bigelow Tarbell (1853–1920), ancient art history *Yevgeny Tarle (1874–1955), Russian historian *A. Wyatt Tilby (1880–1948), Britain, ''The English People Overseas'' *Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859), France *Zeki Velidi Togan (1890–1970), Turkic history *Zacharias Topelius (1818–1898) *Thomas Frederick Tout (1855–1929), England *Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975), world history, ''A Study of History'' *Heinrich Gotthard von Treitschke (1834–1896), German historian and nationalist *George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962), British *Mikheil Tsereteli (1878–1965), Georgia (country), Georgian historian *Frederick Jackson Turner (1861–1932), US frontier

U

*Frank Underhill (1889–1971), Canadian

V

*Alfred Vagts, (1892–1986), Germany, military *Paul Vinogradoff (1854–1925), medieval England

W

*Annie Russell Wall (1835-1920), English historian *Spencer Walpole (1839–1907), English historian *Charles Webster (historian), Charles Webster (1886–1961), British diplomatic history *Curt Weibull (1886–1991), Swedish historian *Lauritz Weibull (1873–1960), Swedish historian *Spenser Wilkinson (1853–1937), Britain, military historian *Mary Wilhelmine Williams (1878–1944), Latin America *James Williamson (historian), James A. Williamson (1886–1964), Britain, maritime historian and historian of exploration *Esmé Cecil Wingfield-Stratford (1882–1971), England *Justin Winsor (1831–1897), America, ''Narrative and Critical History of America'' *Carl Frederick Wittke (1892–1971), US ethnics *Ernest Llewellyn Woodward (1890–1971), British history and international relations *Muriel Hazel Wright (1889–1975), Oklahoma, Native Americans *George MacKinnon Wrong (1860–1948), Canadian

Y

*Yi Byeongdo (이병도, 1896–1989), Korea

Z

*Nicolas Zafra (1892–1979), Philippines *Johann Kaspar Zeuss (1806–1856), Celts *Faddei Zielinski (1859–1944), ancient Greece

Historians born in the 20th century

A

*Raouf Abbas (1939–2008), Egyptian *Irving Abella (born 1940), Canadian *Aberjhani (born 1957), African American, Harlem Renaissance, Literary *David Abulafia (born 1949), Mediterranean *Ezequiel Adamovsky (born 1971), Argentina *Donald Adamson (born 1939), Britain *Teodoro Agoncillo (1912–1985), Philippines *Donald Akenson (born 1941), Irish *Dean C. Allard (1933–2018), US naval *Robert C. Allen (born 1947), British economy *Gar Alperovitz (born 1936), America, Hiroshima *Ida Altman (born 1950), America, colonial Spain and Latin America *Mor Altshuler (born 1957), Hasidism, Kabbalism, and Jewish messianism *Abbas Amanat (born 1947) Iran, America *Stephen Ambrose (1936–2002), World War II, U.S. political *Henri Amouroux (1920–2007), French, Nazi occupation of France *Perry Anderson (born 1938), British and European *Joyce Appleby (1929–2016), U.S. early national *Herbert Aptheker (1915–2003), African-American *Leonie Archer (born 1955), England *Philippe Ariès (1914–1984), French medieval, childhood *Karen Armstrong (born 1944), British religious *Andrea Aromatico (born 1966), Italian esotericism and Hermetic iconography *Leonard J. Arrington (1917–1999), America, Mormons *Thomas Asbridge (born 1969), Crusades *Maurice Ashley (historian), Maurice Ashley (1907–1994), 17th-century England *Paul Avrich (1931–2006), Russian, the Anarchist movement *Gerald Aylmer (1926–2000), 17th-century England *Ali Azaykou (1942–2004), Moroccan *Eiichiro Azuma (born 1966), US, Japan

B

*Nigel Bagnall (1927–2002), Ancient Rome, Greece *Bernard Bailyn (1922–2020), early America; Atlantic *David E. Barclay (born 1948), German *Juliet Barker (born 1958), late Middle Ages, literary biography *Frank Barlow (historian), Frank Barlow (1911–2009), medieval biography *Linda Diane Barnes (living), US *Geoffrey Barraclough (1908–1984), Germany, world *G.W.S. Barrow (1924–2013), Scotland *H. Arnold Barton (1929–2016), Scandinavia *Paul R. Bartrop (born 1955), Holocaust, genocide *Jacques Barzun (1907–2012), cultural *Jorge Basadre (1903–1980), Peru *Hanna Batatu (1926–2000), Palestinian, modern Iraq *K. Jack Bauer (1926–1987), U.S. naval, military, and maritime *Yehuda Bauer (born 1926), Holocaust *Stephen B. Baxter (living), late 17th – early 18th-century English *David Bebbington (born 1949), Evangelicalism *Antony Beevor (born 1946), World War II *David Bell (historian), David Bell (living), Early Modern France, cultural history *James Belich (historian), James Belich (born 1956), New Zealand *Abdelmajid Benjelloun (historian), Abdelmajid Benjelloun (born 1944), Morocco *Laurence Bergreen (born 1950), biography *Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997), ideas *Michael Beschloss (born 1955), Cold War *Juliette Bessis, (1925–2017), Tunisia *Nicholas Bethell (1938–2007), Soviet *Robert Bickers (born 1964), modern China and colonialism *Anthony Birley (1937–2020), Ancient Rome *David Blackbourn (born 1949), German *Geoffrey Blainey (born 1930), Australian *Lesley Blanch (1904–2007), English *Gisela Bock (born 1942), German feminist *Brian Bond (born 1936), British military *Chrystelle Trump Bond (1938–2020), US dance historian *Daniel J. Boorstin (1914–2004), US *Georges Bordonove (1920–2007), France *John Boswell (1947–1994), medievalist *Robert Bothwell (born 1944), Canada *Gérard Bouchard (born 1943), Canada *Joanna Bourke (born 1963), military *Paul S. Boyer (1935–2012), US morality *Karl Dietrich Bracher (1922–2016), modern German *Jim Bradbury (born 1937), Middle Ages *James C. Bradford (born 1944), US naval *David Brading (born 1936), Mexican history *William Brandon (author), William Brandon (1914–2002), American West *Fernand Braudel (1902–1985), world, Mediterranean *Ahron Bregman (born 1958), Arab-Israeli conflict *Carl Bridenbaugh (1903–1992), American colonial *Asa Briggs (1921–2016), British social history *Alan Brinkley (1949–2019), American 1930s *David Brody (historian), David Brody (born 1930), American labor *Timothy Brook (historian), Timothy Brook (born 1951), China *Martin Broszat (1926–1989), Nazi Germany *Gregory S. Brown (living), Early Modern French History, Cultural History *Peter Brown (historian), Peter Brown (born 1935), medieval *Christopher Browning (born 1944), Holocaust *Sérgio Buarque de Holanda (1902–1982), Brazil *Alan Bullock (1914–2004), 1940s, Hitler studies *Peter Burke (historian), Peter Burke (born 1937), modern period, cultural history *Michael Burlingame (historian), Michael Burlingame (born 1941), Abraham Lincoln *Briton C. Busch (1936–2004), British diplomatic and US maritime *Richard Bushman (born 1931), US colonial and Mormon *Jon Butler (born 1940), US religion *Herbert Butterfield (1900–1979), historiography

C

*Angus Calder (1942–2008), Second World War *Philip L. Cantelon (born 1940), United States *Julio Caro Baroja (1914–1995), anthropologist *Sir Raymond Carr (1919–2015), Spain and Latin America *Richard Carrier (born 1969), ancient Rome; history of philosophy, science and religion *Paul Cartledge (born 1947), classicist *Lionel Casson (1914–2009), classicist *Borivoj Celovsky, Boris Celovsky (1923–2008), Czech-German relations *David G. Chandler (1934–2004), British historian specializing in Napoleonic history *Bipan Chandra (1928–2014), modern India *Iris Chang (이병도, 1968–2004), China *Howard I. Chapelle (1901–1975), maritime *Maher Charif (living), Arabic intellectual history and political movements *Louis Chevalier (historian), Louis Chevalier (1911–2001), France *Alexander Campbell Cheyne (1924–2006), Scotland *Thomas Childers (born 1976), war and society, both world wars *Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri (1935–2016), India *I. R. Christie (1919–1998), Britain *Robert M. Citino (born 1958), US military historian of Europe *Alan Clark (1928–1999), both world wars *Chris Clark (historian), Christopher Clark (born 1960), Prussia *J.C.D. Clark (born 1951), British *Manning Clark (1915–1991), Australia *Oliver Edmund Clubb (1901–1989), China *Yolande Cohen (born 1950), youth, women, Moroccan Jews *Patrick Collinson (1929–2011), Elizabethan England and Puritanism *Robert Conquest (1917–2015), Russia *Margaret Conrad (born 1946), Canada *John M. Cooper (historian), John Milton Cooper (born 1940), Woodrow Wilson *Peter Cottrell (born 1964), Anglo-Irish *Gordon A. Craig (1913–2005), German and diplomatic *Donald Creighton (1902–1979), Canadian *Vincent Cronin (1924–2011), European and art history *William Cronon (born 1954), US environmental *Pamela Kyle Crossley (born 1955), China *Roger Crowley (born 1951), Mediterranean Sea; Portuguese empire *Dan Cruickshank (born 1949), Britain, architecture *Robert M. Crunden (1940–1999), US cultural *Gemma Cruz Araneta, Gemma Cruz (born 1943), José Rizal, Rizaliana, Philippines *Barry Cunliffe (born 1939), archaeology

D

*Vahakn N. Dadrian (1926–2019), Armenia *Robert Dallek (born 1934), 20th-century US presidents *William Dalrymple (historian), William Dalrymple (born 1965), Scottish *David B. Danbom (born 1947), US rural *Ahmad Hasan Dani (1920–2009), South Asia *Robert Darnton (born 1939), 18th-century France *Saul David (born 1966), military *John Davies (historian), John Davies (1938–2015), Wales *Norman Davies (born 1939), Poland, Britain *Kenneth S. Davis (1912–1999), Franklin D. Roosevelt *Natalie Zemon Davis (born 1928), early modern France, film *Ralph Henry Carless Davis, R. H. C. Davis (1918–1991), Middle Ages *Lucy Dawidowicz (1915–1990), Holocaust *David Day (historian), David Day (born 1949), Australia *Renzo De Felice (1929–1996), Italian fascism *Carl N. Degler (1921–2014), US *Len Deighton (born 1929), British military *Esther Delisle (born 1954), French-Canadian *Jean Delumeau (1923–2020), Catholic Church *Marcel Detienne (1935–2019), ancient Greece *Alexandre Deulofeu (1903–1978), Catalan *Isaac Deutscher (1907–1967), Soviet *Wu Di (film critic and historian), Wu Di (吴迪, born 1951), China *Igor M. Diakonov (1914–1999), Ancient Near East *David Herbert Donald (1920–2009), American Civil War *Gordon Donaldson (1913–1993), Scotland *Susan Doran (living), Elizabethan England *William Doyle (historian), William Doyle (born 1932), French Revolution *Georges Duby (1924–1996), Middle Ages *William S. Dudley (born 1936), US naval *Robert Dudley Edwards (1909–1988), Ireland *Eamon Duffy (born 1947), 15th–17th-century religious *Hermann von der Dunk, Hermann Walther von der Dunk (1928–2018), 20th-century Dutch and German *Mary Maples Dunn (1931–2017), early American, women's history *Richard Slator Dunn (1928–2022), early American, slavery *A. Hunter Dupree (1921–2019), US science and technology *Trevor Dupuy (1916–1995), military *Jean-Baptiste Duroselle (1917–1994), French diplomacy *Harold James Dyos (1921–1978), British urban

E

*Elizabeth Eisenstein (1923–2016), French Revolution, printing *Geoff Eley (born 1949), German *John Elliott (historian), John Elliott (1930–2022), Spanish *Joseph J. Ellis (born 1943), early US *Geoffrey Elton (1921–1994), Tudor England *Peter Englund (born 1957), Sweden *Robert Malcolm Errington (born 1939), Britain *Richard J. Evans (born 1947), German social *Alf Evers (1905–2004), America

F

*Esther Farbstein (born 1946), Israeli, Holocaust *Grahame Farr (1912–1983), maritime, south-west England *Brian Farrell (broadcaster), Brian Farrell (1929–2014), Ireland *Boris Fausto (born 1930), Brazil *John Lister Illingworth Fennell (1918–1992), medieval Russia *Niall Ferguson (born 1964), military, business, imperial *Božidar Ferjančić (1929–1998), medieval *Robert H. Ferrell (1921–2018), US history, US presidency, World War I, US foreign policy and diplomacy, Harry S. Truman *Marc Ferro (1924–2021), World War I *Joachim Fest (1926–2006), Nazi Germany *David Feuerwerker (1912–1980), Jewish *Heinrich Fichtenau (1912–2000), medieval, diplomacy *David Kenneth Fieldhouse (1925–2018), British Empire *Orlando Figes (born 1957), Russian *Robert O. Fink (1905–1988), classical *Moses Finley (1912–1986), ancient, especially economic *David Hackett Fischer (born 1935), American Revolution, cycles *Fritz Fischer (historian), Fritz Fischer (1908–1999), Germany *Frances FitzGerald (journalist), Frances FitzGerald (born 1940), Vietnam, history textbooks *Judith Flanders (born 1959), Victorian British social *Robin Fleming (born 1950s), medieval Britain *Robert Fogel (1926–2013), US economic, cliometrics *Eric Foner (born 1943), Reconstruction *Shelby Foote (1916–2005), American Civil War *Amanda Foreman (historian), Amanda Foreman (born 1968), Georgian England, American Civil War, women's history *Michel Foucault (1926–1984), ideas *Jo Fox (living), 20th-century film and propaganda *Robin Lane Fox (born 1946), ancient *Stephen Fox (author/educator), Stephen Fox (born 1938), US in World War II *Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941–2007), US South, cultural and social, women *Walter Frank (1905–1945), Nazi historian *H. Bruce Franklin (born 1934), Vietnam War *Antonia Fraser (born 1932), England *Frank Freidel (1916–1993), Franklin Roosevelt *Joseph Friedenson (1922–2013), Holocaust *Henry Friedlander (1930–2012), Holocaust *Saul Friedländer (born 1932), Holocaust *Sheppard Frere (1916–2015), anthropologist, Roman Empire *David Fromkin (1932–2017), Middle East *Francis Fukuyama (born 1955), world *Bruno Fuligni (born 1968), French history *François Furet (1927–1997), French Revolution *Halima Ferhat (born 1941), Middle Ages of the Maghreb

G

*Femme Gaastra (born 1945), Dutch *John Lewis Gaddis (born 1941), Cold War *Lloyd Gardner (born 1934), US diplomatic *Delphine Gardey (born 1967, gender and science *Edwin Gaustad (1923–2011), religion in America *Peter Gay (1923–2015), psycho-history, Enlightenment and 19th-century social *Eugene Genovese (1930–2012), US South, slavery *Imanuel Geiss (1931–2012), 19th/20th-century Germany *François Géré (born 1950), military *Christian Gerlach (born 1963), Holocaust *N.H. Gibbs (1910–1990), military *William Gibson (historian), William Gibson (born 1959), ecclesiastical history *Martin Gilbert (1936–2015), Holocaust *Carlo Ginzburg (born 1939), social history *Jan Glete (1947–2009), Swedish *Eric F. Goldman (1916–1989), 20th-century US *James Goldrick (born 1958), Australian *Adrian Goldsworthy (born 1969), ancient history *David Hamilton Golland (born 1971), 20th-century US civil rights, public policy, labor *Guillermo Gómez Rivera, Guillermo Gómez (born 1936), Philippine history *Brison D. Gooch (1925–2014), 19th century Europe *Doris Kearns Goodwin (born 1943), US presidential *Andrew Gordon (naval historian), Andrew Gordon (born 1951), British naval history *Svetlana Gorshenina (born 1969), Central Asian history * Lewis L. Gould (born 1939), US presidents and First Ladies *Gerald S. Graham (1903–1988), British imperial *Jack Granatstein (born 1939), Canada *Michael Grant (classicist), Michael Grant (1914–2004), ancient *Abigail Green British historian of modern Europe *Peter Green (historian), Peter Green (born 1924), ancient *Rev. Vivian Green, Vivian H.H. Green (1915–2005), Christianity *John Robert Greene (born 1955), US presidency *Roger D. Griffin (born 1948), fascism, political and religious fanaticism *Ramchandra Guha, Ramachandra Guha (born 1958), India, environment *Ranajit Guha (born 1923), Indian *Lev Gumilyov (1912–1992), Soviet *Oliver Gurney (1911–2001), Assyria, Hittites *John Guy (historian), John Guy (born 1949), Tudor England

H

*Irfan Habib (born 1931), India *Sheldon Hackney (1933–2013), US South *Kenneth J. Hagan (born 1936), US naval *John Whitney Hall (1916–1997), Japan *Bruce Barrymore Halpenny (1937–2015), World War II air war *N. G. L. Hammond (1907–2001), ancient Greek history *Victor Davis Hanson (born 1953), ancient warfare *Syed Nomanul Haq (born 1948), history and philosophy of science *Yuval Noah Harari (born 1976), Israeli, military, Medieval, prehistorical *Antoinette Harrell (born 1960), post-slavery peonage of African-American sharecroppers *Dick Harrison (born 1966), Swedish and Medieval *Peter Harrison (historian), Peter Harrison (born 1955), early modern intellectual *Max Hastings (born 1945), military, WWII *John Hattendorf (born 1941), maritime *Ragnhild Hatton (1913–1995), 17th–18th-century European international *Denys Hay (1915–1994), medieval and Renaissance Europe *John Daniel Hayes (1902–1991), US naval *Peter Hayes (historian), Peter Hayes (born c. 1947), Holocaust *Joel Hayward (born 1964), Islamic, maritime, military *Ingo Heidbrink (born 1968), maritime history, history of technology *Klaus Hentschel (born 1961), historian of science and of visual cultures *Ulrich Herbert (born 1951), modern Germany *Jeffrey Herf (born 1947), Germany, Europe *Arthur L. Herman (born 1956), America, Britain *Michael Hicks (historian), Michael Hicks (born 1948), late medieval England *Raul Hilberg (1926–2007), Holocaust *Klaus Hildebrand (born 1941), 19th/20th-century Germany *Christopher Hill (historian), Christopher Hill (1912–2003), 17th-century England *Andreas Hillgruber (1925–1989), 20th-century Germany *Richard L. Hills (1936–2019), technology *Rodney Hilton (1916–2002), late medieval period *Gertrude Himmelfarb (1922–2019), Britain *Harry Hinsley (1918–1998), British intelligence, World War II *Gerhard Hirschfeld (born 1946), 20th-century Germany, World War I, World War II *Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012), labour; Marxism *Marshall Hodgson (1922–1968), Islamic *Peter Hoffmann (historian), Peter Hoffmann (born 1930), National Socialism *Richard Hofstadter (1916–1970), US political *David Hoggan (1923–1988), neo-Nazi *Hajo Holborn (1902–1969), Germany *Tom Holland (author), Tom Holland (born 1968), Ancient Greece, Rome, Middle Ages *C. Warren Hollister (1930–1997), Middle Ages *George Holmes (professor), George Holmes (1927–2009), medieval *Richard Holmes (historian), Richard Holmes (1946–2011), military *Ed Hooper (born 1964), Southern Appalachia, Tennessee, Old South *A. G. Hopkins (born 1938), Britain *Keith Hopkins (1934–2004), ancient *Michiel Horn (born 1939), Canada *Alistair Horne (1925–2017), modern French *Daniel Horowitz (born 1954), US cultural *Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz (born 1942), women *Albert Hourani (1915–1993), Middle Eastern *Youssef Hourany (1931–2019), Lebanon, ancient *Michael Howard (historian), Michael Howard (1922–2019), military *Robert Hughes (critic), Robert Hughes (1938–2012), Australia, cities *Marnie Hughes-Warrington (born 1970), historiography, philosophy of history *Andrew Hunt (historian), Andrew Hunt (born 1968), Cold War America *Tristram Hunt (born 1974) *Mark C. Hunter (born 1974), naval

I

*Georg Iggers (1926-2017), Germany, Historiography *Halil Inalcik (1916–2016), Ottoman Empire *Jonathan Israel (born 1946), Netherlands, Enlightenment, Jewry

J

*Eberhard Jäckel (1929–2017), Nazi Germany *J. Arch Getty, John Archibald Getty (born 1950) *Julian T. Jackson (born 1954), French *C. L. R. James (1862–1935), Trinidad/England *Harold James (historian), Harold James (born 1956), modern Germany *Nikoloz Janashia (1931–1982), Georgia (country), Georgia and Caucasus *Simon Janashia (1900–1947), Georgia and Caucasus *Marius Jansen (1922–2000), Japan *Pawel Jasienica (1909–1970), Poland * Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones (born 1942), US intelligence *Merrill Jensen (historian), Merrill Jensen (1905–1980), American Revolution *Richard J. Jensen (born 1941), America *Khasnor Johan (living), Malaysian historian *Paul Johnson (writer), Paul Johnson (born 1928), Britain, Western civilization *Robert Erwin Johnson (1923–2008), US naval *Mauno Jokipii (1924–2007), Finnish, World War II *Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, A. H. M. Jones (1904–1970), later Roman Empire *George Hilton Jones, III (historian), George Hilton Jones III (1924–2008), England *Gwyn Jones (author), Gwyn Jones (1907–1999), medieval *Loe de Jong (1914–2005), Netherlands *Tony Judt (1948–2010), 20th-century European, postwar

K

*Donald Kagan (1932–2021), ancient Greek *Michel Kaplan (born 1946), French Byzantine studies, Byzantinist *David S. Katz (born 1953), early modern English religious *Elie Kedourie (1926–1992), Middle East *Rod Kedward (born 1937), 20th-century France *John Keegan (1934–2012), military *John H. Kemble (1912–1990), US maritime *Paul Murray Kendall (1911–1973), late Middle Ages *Elizabeth Topham Kennan (born 1938), medieval *George F. Kennan (1904–2005), US–Soviet relations *James Kennedy (historian), James Kennedy (born 1963), Netherlands *Paul Kennedy (born 1945), world, military *W. Hudson Kensel (1928–2014), western America *Ian Kershaw (born 1943), Nazi Germany, Hitler *Daniel J. Kevles (born 1939), science *Khan Roshan Khan (1914–1988), Pakistan *Khoo Kay Kim (1937–2019), Malaysia *Kim Jung-bae (born 1940), Korea *Michael King (historian), Michael King (1945–2004), New Zealand *Patrick Kinross (1904–1976), Ottoman Empire *Henry Kissinger (born 1923), 19th-century Europe; late 20th-century *Martin Kitchen (born 1936), modern Europe *Simon Kitson (born c. 1967), Vichy France *Klemens von Klemperer (1916–2012), Germany *Matti Klinge (born 1936), Finnish *Felix Klos (born 1992), American/Dutch, Modern European *R.J.B. Knight (born 1944), British naval *Yuri Knorozov (1922–1999), historical linguist *Eberhard Kolb (born 1933), German *Gabriel Kolko (1932–2014), US *Claudia Koonz (born 1940), Nazi Germany *Andrey Korotayev (born 1961), economic, Near East, Islamic and pre-Islamic *Ernst Kossmann (1922–2003), Low Countries *Philip A. Kuhn (1933–2016), China *Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996), science *Myoma Myint Kywe (born 1960), Burmese writer and historian

L

*Benjamin Woods Labaree (1927–2021), US colonial and maritime *Leopold Labedz (1920–1993), Soviet *Walter LaFeber (1933–2021), diplomatic, Cold War *Brij Lal (historian), Brij Lal (living), Fiji *K. S. Lal (1920–2002), Medieval India *Andrew Lambert (born 1956), British naval *Peter Lampe (born 1954), Hellenistic and late antiquity *Ricardo Lancaster-Jones y Verea (1905–1983), haciendas in Western Mexico *Dieter Langewiesche (born 1943), 19th–20th century, nationalism and liberalism *Abdallah Laroui (born 1933), Maghreb *David Lavender (1910–2003), American West *Jacques Le Goff (1924–2014), medieval *Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (born 1929), French *Daniel Leab (1936–2016), 20th century *Robert Leckie (author), Robert Leckie (1920–2001), US military *Ulrich L. Lehner (born 1976), intellectual and cultural history *Lee Ki-baek (1924–2004), Korean *William Leuchtenburg (born 1922), US political and legal *Barbara Levick (born 1931), Roman emperors *Bernard Lewis (1916–2018), Oriental studies *David Levering Lewis (born 1936), African American, Harlem Renaissance *Li Ao (1935–2018), Chinese *Leon F. Litwack (1929–2021), America, African-American *Xinru Liu (born 1951), Ancient Indian and Chinese *Mario Liverani (born 1939), ancient Middle East *David Loades (1934–2016), Tudor England *Roger Lockyer (1927–2017), Stuart England *James W. Loewen (1942–2021), America *Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, Elizabeth Longford (1906–2002), Victorian England *Erik Lönnroth (1910–2002), Scandinavia *Walter Lord (1917–2002), America *John Lukacs (1924–2019), modern Europe

M

*Joseph A. McCartin (born 1959), American labor *Charles B. MacDonald (1922–1990), World War II *Stuart Macintyre (1947–2021), Australia *Piers Mackesy (1924–2014), British military *Margaret MacMillan (born 1943), 20th-century international relations *William Miller Macmillan (1885–1974), liberal South African historiography *Ramsay MacMullen (born 1928), Roman *Heidrun E. Mader (born 1977), 2nd cent BCE - 2nd cent CE *Magnus Magnusson (1929–2007), Norse *Charles S. Maier (born 1939), 20th-century Europe *Paul L. Maier (born 1930), ancient history *Pauline Maier (1938–2013), early America *Leonard Maltin (born 1950), film *William Manchester (1922–2004), Churchill *Golo Mann (1909–1994), general *Susan Mann (Canadian historian), Susan Mann (born 1941), Canadian *Susan L. Mann (born 1943), history of China and women *Adel Manna (born 1947), Palestine in Ottoman period *María Emma Mannarelli (born 1954), social *Philip Mansel (born 1951), France, Ottoman Empire *Arthur Marder (1910–1980), British naval *Michael Marrus (born 1941), French and Jewish *Rev. F.X. Martin (1922–2000), Irish medievalist and campaigner *Henri-Jean Martin (1924–2007), the Book *Luis Martínez-Fernández (born 1960), Cuba, the Caribbean *Laurence Marvin (living), US, French medievalist *Ezequiel González Mas (1919–2007), Spanish literature *Timothy Mason (1940–1990), Nazi Germany *Garrett Mattingly (1900–1962), early modern Europe *Ernest R. May (1928–2009), 20th-century warfare and international relations *Richard J. Maybury (born 1946), America, World War I, World War II, Middle East *Arno J. Mayer (born 1926), World War I and Europe *Mark Mazower (born 1958), Balkans, Greece *David McCullough (born 1933), US *Forrest McDonald (1927–2016), early national America, presidency, business *K. B. McFarlane (1903–1966), English medievalist *William S. McFeely (1930–2019), American Civil War *Maurie McInnis (born 1966), Antebellum art and politics *W. David McIntyre (born 1932), Commonwealth, New Zealand *Neil McKendrick (born 1935), modern economic and social history *Ross McKibbin (born 1942), 20th-century Britain *Rosamond McKitterick (born 1949), medieval *William Hardy McNeill, William McNeill (1917–2016), world *James M. McPherson (born 1936), American Civil War *Jon Meacham (born 1969), US presidency *D. W. Meinig (1924–2020), US geography *Evaldo Cabral de Mello (born 1936), Dutch Brazil *Russell Menard (living), colonial American *Thomas C. Mendenhall (historian), Thomas C. Mendenhall (1910–1998), history of sport *Josef W. Meri (born 1969), Islamic world, Jews *John M. Merriman(1946–2022), France *Barbara Metcalf (born 1941), India *Rade Mihaljčić (1937–2020), medieval Serbia *Perry Miller (1905–1963), US intellectual *Giles Milton (born 1966), exploration *Zora Mintalová – Zubercová (born 1950), food history and material culture of Central Europe * Steven Mintz (born 1953), US family *Yagutil Mishiev (born 1927), Derbent, Dagestan, Russia *Hans Mommsen (1930–2015), Germany *Wolfgang Mommsen (1930–2004), Britain, Germany *Indro Montanelli (1909–2001) general *Simon Sebag Montefiore (born 1965), Russia, Middle East *Theodore William Moody (1907–1984), Ireland *Edmund Morgan (historian), Edmund Morgan (1916–2013), American colonial and Revolution *Kenneth O. Morgan (born 1934), British politics, Wales *William J. Morgan (historian), William J. Morgan (1917–2003), US naval *Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976), US colonial and naval *Benny Morris (born 1948), Middle East *Ian Mortimer (historian), Ian Mortimer (born 1967), Middle Ages *W.L. Morton (1908–1980), Canada *George Mosse (1918–1999), German, Jewish, fascist, sexual *Roland Mousnier (1907–1993), early modern France *Mubarak Ali (born 1941), Pakistan

N

*Joseph Needham (1900–1995), Chinese science and technology *Mark E. Neely Jr. (born 1944), American Civil War *Malcolm Neesam (1946–2022), history of Harrogate, North Yorkshire, England *Cynthia Neville (living), late medieval, Scotland and England, Gaelic culture *Thomas Nipperdey (1927–1992), 19th c. German history *Ernst Nolte (1923–2016), German, fascism and communism

O

*Josiah Ober (living), ancient Greece *Heiko Oberman (1930–2001), Reformation *Ambeth Ocampo (born 1961), Philippines *W. H. Oliver (1925–2015), New Zealand *Robin O'Neil (living), Holocaust *Vincent Orange (historian), Vincent Orange (1935–2012), military, World War II, aviation *Michael Oren (born 1955), modern Middle East *Margaret Ormsby (1909–1996), Canada *İlber Ortaylı (born 1947), Turkey *Fernand Ouellet (1926–2021), French Canada *Richard Overy (born 1947), World War II *Steven Ozment (1939–2019), Germany

P

*Thomas Pakenham (historian), Thomas Pakenham (born 1933), Africa *Madhavan K. Palat (born 1947), Russia and Europe *Ilan Pappé (born 1954), Israel *Peter Paret (1924–2020), military *Geoffrey Parker (historian), Geoffrey Parker (born 1943), early modern military *Simo Parpola (born 1943), ancient Middle East *J. H. Parry (1914–1982), maritime *T. T. Paterson (1909–1994), archaeologist and sociologist *Fred Patten (1940–2018), science fiction *Stanley G. Payne (born 1934), Spain, fascism *Abel Paz (1921–2009), Spanish anarchist *William Armstrong Percy (born 1933), Medieval Europe and ancient Greek and Roman, homosexuality *Bradford Perkins (historian), Bradford Perkins (1925–2008), US diplomatic *Detlev Peukert (1950–1990), everyday life in Weimar and Nazi eras *John Edward Philips (born 1952), Africa *Liza Picard (born 1927), London *William B. Pickett (born 1940), US history, Dwight D. Eisenhower *David Pietrusza (born 1949), US *Boris B. Piotrovsky (1908–1990), Urartu, Scythia *Richard Pipes (1923–2018), Russian and Soviet *J.H. Plumb (1911–2001), 18th-century Britain *J. G. A. Pocock (born 1924), early modern intellectual *Kwok Kin Poon (born 1949), Chinese Southern and Northern Dynasties *Barbara Corrado Pope (born 1941), America, Belle Époque, women's studies *Roy Porter (1946–2002), medicine, British social and cultural *Norman Pounds (1912–2006), geography and England *Caio Prado Júnior (1907–1990), Brazil *Gordon W. Prange (1910–1980), World War II Pacific *Joshua Prawer (1917–1990),

*Michael Prestwich (born 1943), medieval England *Clement Alexander Price (1945–2014), America *Francis Paul Prucha (1921–2015), American Indians *Janko Prunk (born 1942), Slovenia *Alenka Puhar (born 1945), Slovenia

Q

*Carroll Quigley (1910–1977), classical, western history, theorist of civilizations

R

*Marc Raeff (1923–2008), Russian Empire *Alexander Rabinowitch (born 1934), Russia *Werner Rahn (born 1939), German naval *Jack N. Rakove (born 1947), U.S. Constitution and early politics *Šerbo Rastoder (living), Montenegrin *Robert V. Remini (1921–2013), Jacksonian U.S. *René Rémond (1918–2007), French politics *Timothy Reuter (1947–2002), Medieval Germany *Henry A. Reynolds (born 1938), Australia *Susan Reynolds (1929–2021), medieval *Richard Rhodes (born 1937), World War II, hydrogen bomb *Nicholas V. Riasanovsky (1923–2011), Russia *Darcy Ribeiro (1922–1997), Brazil *Jonathan Riley-Smith (1938–2016), Crusades *Blaze Ristovski (1931–2018), Macedonia *Charles Ritcheson (1925–2011), Anglo-US relations 1775–1815 *Gerhard A. Ritter (1929–2015), Germany *Andrew Roberts (historian), Andrew Roberts (born 1963), Britain *J. M. Roberts (1928–2003), Europe *Nicholas A. M. Rodger (born 1949), British naval *William Ledyard Rodgers (1860–1944), ancient naval *Walter Rodney (1942–1980), Guyana *Theodore Ropp (1911–2000), military *W. J. Rorabaugh (1945–2020), 19th and 20th-century US *Ron Rosenbaum (born 1946), Hitler *Charles E. Rosenberg (born 1936), medicine and science *Stephen Roskill (1903–1982), British naval *Maarten van Rossem (born 1943), 20th-century US *María Rostworowski (1915–2016), Peruvian *Constance Rover (1910–2005), feminism *Sheila Rowbotham (born 1943), feminism, socialism *Herbert H. Rowen (1916–1999), Netherlands *A. L. Rowse (1903–1997), English *Miri Rubin (born 1956), social, Europe 1100–1600 *George Rudé (1910–1993), French revolution *Robert W. Thurston (born 1949) *R. J. Rummel (1932–2014), genocide *Steven Runciman (1903–2000), Crusades *Leila J. Rupp (born 1950), feminist *Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell (1937–2004), 17th-century Britain *Cornelius Ryan (1920–1974), World War II, popular *Boris Rybakov (1908–2001), Soviet

S

*Edgar V. Saks (1910–1984), Estonia *Dominic Sandbrook (born 1974), recent Britain and America *Usha Sanyal (living), Asian, Islam, Sufism *S. Srikanta Sastri (1904–1974), Indian *Simon Schama (born 1945), British, Dutch, US, French *Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. (1917–2007), Andrew Jackson, New Deal, politics *Jean-Claude Schmitt (born 1946), Middle Ages *David Schoenbaum (born 1935), modern German and US–Israeli relations *Carl Emil Schorske (1915–2015), Vienna, Modernism, intellectual *Paul W. Schroeder (1927–2020), European diplomacy *D. M. Schurman (1924–2013), British imperial and naval *Karl Schweizer (living), 18th-century European *Dorothy Schwieder, (1933–2014), Iowa *Joan Wallach Scott, Joan Scott (born 1941), feminism *William Henry Scott (historian), William Henry Scott (1921–1993), Philippines *Howard Hayes Scullard (1903–1983), ancient *Jules Sedney (1922–2020), Surinamese historian and former prime minister *Tom Segev (born 1945), Israeli *Lorelle D. Semley (born 1969), US historian of Africa *Robert Service (historian), Robert Service (born 1947), Soviet, Russian *Dasharatha Sharma (1903–1976), Rajasthan *Ram Sharan Sharma (1919–2011), ancient India *James J. Sheehan (born 1937), modern Germany *Michael S. Sherry (born 1945), 20c American military; LGBTQ *William L. Shirer (1904–1993), 20c Europe, Third Reich *He Shu (born 1948), Chinese cultural revolution *Jack Simmons (historian), Jack Simmons (1915–2000), English historian, railway history *Keith Sinclair (1922–1993), New Zealand *Helene J. Sinnreich (born 1975), Holocaust *Nathan Sivin (born 1931), China *Quentin Skinner (born 1940), early modern Britain *Alexandre Skirda (1942–2020), Russia *Theda Skocpol (born 1947), institutions and comparative method; sociological *Richard Slotkin (born 1942), US environment and West *Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr. (1913–2004), military history, American Old West *Digby Smith (born 1935), military *Henry Nash Smith (1906–1986), US cultural *Jean Edward Smith (1932–2019), US foreign policy, constitutional law, biography *Page Smith (1917–1995), U.S. *Richard Norton Smith (born 1953), US presidential *Christopher Smout, T. C. Smout (born 1933), Scottish environmental and social *John Smolenski (historian), John Smolenski, (born 1973), American colonial period *Louis Leo Snyder (1907–1993), German nationalism *Timothy D. Snyder (born 1969), Eastern Europe *Albert Soboul (1913–1982), French revolution *Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), Russian Gulag *Pat Southern (born 1948), ancient Rome *R. W. Southern (1912–2001), medieval *E. Lee Spence (born 1947), shipwrecks *Jonathan Spence (1936–2021), China *Jonathan Sperber (born 1952), US historian of Europe. *Jackson J. Spielvogel (born 1939), world *Kenneth Stampp (1912–2009), U.S. South, slavery *George Stanley (1907–2002), Canada *David Starkey (born 1945), Tudor *Leften Stavros Stavrianos (1913—2004), world *James M. Stayer (born 1935), German Reformation *Valerie Steele (born 1955), fashion *Jonathan Steinberg (1934–2021), US historian of Germany *Jean Stengers (1922–2002), Belgian *Fritz Stern (1926–2016), Germany and Jewish *Zeev Sternhell (1935–2020), fascism *William N. Still, Jr. (born 1932), US naval *Dan Stone (historian), Dan Stone (living), recent Europe *Lawrence Stone (1919–1999), early modern British social, economic and family *Norman Stone (1941–2019), military *Hew Strachan (born 1949), military *Barry S. Strauss (born 1953), ancient military *Michael Stürmer (born 1938), modern German *Ronald Suleski (born 1942), China *Viktor Suvorov (born 1947), Soviet *Ronald Syme (1903–1989), ancient *David Syrett (1939–2004), British naval

T

*Ronald Takaki (1939–2009), America, ethnic studies *J. L. Talmon (1916–1980), Modern history, Modern, ''The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy'' *Alasdair and Hettie Tayler (1870–1937/1869–1951), Scotland *A. J. P. Taylor (1906–1990), Britain, modern Europe *Abdelhadi Tazi (1921–2015), Moroccan *Antonio Tellez (1921–2005), Spanish Anarchism, anti-fascist resistance *Harold Temperley (1879–1939), 19th and early 20th-century diplomacy *Romila Thapar (born 1931), ancient India *Stephan Thernstrom (born 1934), US ethnic *Barbara Thiering (1930–2015), Biblical *Joan Thirsk (1922–2013), agriculture *Hugh Thomas (historian), Hugh Thomas (1931–2017), Spanish Civil War, Atlantic slave trade *Keith Thomas (historian), Keith Thomas (born 1933), early modern Britain, culture *E. P. Thompson (1924–1993), British labor history *Mark Thompson (historian), Mark Thompson (born 1959), Balkans, World War I Italy *Carl L. Thunberg (born 1963), Viking Age, Middle Ages * Charles Tilly (1929–2008), Modern Europe; politics and society * Louise A. Tilly (1930–2018), modern Europe; women, family *John Toland (author), John Toland (1912–2004), World War I and World War II *K. Ross Toole (1920–1981), Montana *Ahmed Toufiq (born 1943), Moroccan *Marc Trachtenberg (born 1946), Cold War *Hugh Trevor-Roper (1914–2003), Nazi; British *Gil Troy (born 1961), modern US, the Presidency *Barbara Tuchman (1912–1989), 20th-century military *Robert C. Tucker (1918–2010), Stalin *Peter Turchin (born 1957), Russian historian of historical dynamics *Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. (1932–2008), 20th-century German *Denis Twitchett (1925–2006), China *David Tyack (1930–2016), US education

U

*Walter Ullmann (1910–1983), medieval *Laurel Thatcher Ulrich (born 1938), early America *David Underdown (1925–2009), 17th-century England *Mladen Urem (born 1964), Croatian literary *Robert M. Utley (born 1929), 19th-century US West

V

*Hans van de Ven (born 1958), Britain, modern China *Frank Vandiver (1925–2005), US Civil War *Jan Vansina (1929–2017), Belgian; African history *Jean-Pierre Vernant (1914–2007), French, ancient Greece *Paul Veyne (born 1930), French, ancient Greece and Rome *César Vidal Manzanares (born 1958), Spanish *Pierre Vidal-Naquet (1930–2006), French, ancient Greece, civil rights activist *Richard Vinen (living), British *Jaime Vicens Vives (1910–1960), Spain *Andrekos Varnava (born 1979), Australia, modern history

W

*John Waiko (born 1944), Papua New Guinea *J. Samuel Walker (living), nuclear energy and weapons *Immanuel Wallerstein (1930–2019), world-systems theory *Retha Warnicke (born 1939), Tudor and gender issues *Peter Watson (intellectual historian), Peter Watson (born 1943), intellectual history *Eugen Weber (1925–2007), modern French *Emma Jane Wells (born 1986), church history *Cicely Veronica Wedgwood (1910–1997), 16th and 17th-century Europe *Hans-Ulrich Wehler (1931–2014), 19th-century German social *Russell Weigley (1930–2004), military *Gerhard Weinberg (born 1928), Germany, World War II *Roberto Weiss (1906–1969), Renaissance *Frank Welsh (writer), Frank Welsh (born 1931), British imperial *Christopher Whatley (living), Scotland *John Wheeler-Bennett (1902–1975), Germany *John Henry Whyte, John Whyte (1928–1990), Northern Ireland, divided societies *Christopher Wickham (born 1950), medieval * Robert H. Wiebe (1930–2000), American business and society *Alexander Wilkinson (born 1975), early modern European, books *Toby Wilkinson (born 1969), ancient Egypt *Eric Williams (1911–1981), Guiana, Caribbean *Glanmor Williams (1920–2005), Wales *Glyndwr Williams (1932–2022), exploration *William Appleman Williams (1921–1990), US diplomacy *John Willingham (born 1946), Texas *Andrew Wilson (historian), Andrew Wilson (born 1961), Ukraine *Clyde N. Wilson (born 1941), 19th-century US South *Ian Wilson (writer), Ian Wilson (born 1941), religious *Keith Windschuttle (born 1942), Australia; historiography *Heinrich August Winkler, Henry Winkler (born 1938), German *Robert S. Wistrich (1945–2015), Anti-Semitism, Holocaust, Jews *John Baptist Wolf, John B. Wolf (1907–1996), French *Michael Wolffsohn (born 1947), German Jewish *Herwig Wolfram (born 1934), medieval *Gordon S. Wood (born 1933), American Revolution *Michael Wood (historian), Michael Wood (born 1948), England *Thomas Woods (born 1972), America, conservatism *C. Vann Woodward (1908–1999), American South *Daniel Woolf (born 1958), Britain, historiography *Lucy Worsley (born 1973), Britain *Gordon Wright (historian), Gordon Wright (1912–2000), modern France *Lawrence C. Wroth (1884–1970), US printing

Y

*Yen Ching-hwang (顏清湟, born 1937), writer, works on Overseas Chinese history *Robert J. Young (born 1942), French Third Republic *Robert M. Young (academic), Robert M. Young (1935–2019), medicine

Z

*Gregorio F. Zaide (1907–1986), Philippines *Adam Zamoyski (born 1949), Napoleonic era *Anna Żarnowska (1931–2007), Polish historian *Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 1947), German *Howard Zinn (1922–2010), US *Rainer Zitelmann (born 1957), German *Marek Żukow-Karczewski (born 1961), Poland, Kraków

References

Bibliography

*''The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature'', ed. by Mary Beth Norton and Pamela Gerardi (3rd ed. 2 vol, Oxford UP, 1995), 2064 pages; annotated guide to 27,000 of the most important English language history books in all fields and topic
vol 1 onlinevol 2 online
**Allison, William Henry et al. eds. ''A guide to historical literature'' (1931), comprehensive bibliography for scholarship to 1930 as selected by scholars from the American Historical Associatio
online edition
*Barnes, Harry Elmer. ''A history of historical writing'' (1962) *Barnes, Harry Elmer. ''History, its rise and development: a survey of the progress of historical writing from its origins to the present day'' (1922)
online
*Barraclough, Geoffrey. ''History: Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences,'' (1978) *Bentley, Michael. ed., ''Companion to Historiography'', Routledge, 1997, ; 39 chapters by experts *; detailed coverage of historians and major themes *Breisach, Ernst. ''Historiography: Ancient, Medieval and Modern'', 3rd edition, 2007, *Elton, G. R. ''Modern Historians on British History 1485–1945: A Critical Bibliography 1945–1969'' (1969), annotated guide to 1000 history books on every major topic, plus book reviews and major scholarly articles
online
*Gilderhus, Mark T. ''History and Historians: A Historiographical Introduction'', 2002, *Gooch, G. P. ''History and historians in the nineteenth century'' (1913)
online
*Iggers, Georg G. ''Historiography in the 20th Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge'' (2005) *Kramer, Lloyd, and Sarah Maza, eds. ''A Companion to Western Historical Thought'' Blackwell 2006. 520pp; *Arnaldo Momigliano, Momigliano, Arnaldo. ''The Classical Foundation of Modern Historiography'', 1990, *Rahman, M. M. ed. ''Encyclopaedia of Historiography'' (2006)
Excerpt and text search
*E. Sreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 (2004) *Thompson, James, and Bernard J. Holm. ''A History of Historical Writing: Volume I: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Seventeenth Century'' (2nd ed. 1967), 678 pp.; ''A History of Historical Writing: Volume II: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries'' (2nd ed. 1967), 676 p
vol 1 of 1942 first editionvol 2 of 1942 first edition
highly detailed coverage of European writers to 1900 *Woolf, D. R. ''A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing'' (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities) (2 vols. 1998)
excerpt and text search
*Woolf, Daniel, et al. ''The Oxford History of Historical Writing'' (5 vol 2011–12), covers all major historians since ancient times to present; se
vol 1

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