Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a

military rank Military ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships, within armed forces, police, intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. The military rank system defines dominance, authority, and responsibility in ...

, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the and

Bourbon Restoration Bourbon Restoration may refer to: France under the House of Bourbon: * Bourbon Restoration in France (1814, after the French revolution and Napoleonic era, until 1830; interrupted by the Hundred Days in 1815) Spain under the Spanish Bourbons: * Ab ...

, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire (when the title was Marshal of the Empire, not Marshal of France). A Marshal of France displays seven stars on each shoulder strap. A marshal also receives a

baton Baton may refer to: Stick-like objects *Baton, a type of club *Baton (law enforcement) *Baston (weapon), a type of baton used in Arnis and Filipino Martial Arts *Baton charge, a coordinated tactic for dispersing crowds of people *Baton (conductin ...

: a blue cylinder with stars, formerly

fleurs-de-lis The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural ''fleurs-de-lis'' or ''fleurs-de-lys''), is a lily (in French, and mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively) that is used as a decorative design or symbol. The fleur-de-lis has been used in the ...

during the monarchy and

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, j ...

s during the First French Empire. The baton bears the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

inscription of ', which means "terror in war, ornament in peace". Between the end of the 16th century and the middle of the 19th century, six Marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: , , , , , and . The distinction of Admiral of France is the equivalent in the

French Navy The French Navy (french: Marine nationale, lit=National Navy), informally , is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces and one of the five military service branches of France. It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in t ...

History

The title derived from the office of ''marescallus Franciae'' created by King Philip II Augustus of France for Albéric Clément (). The title was abolished by the

National Convention The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year Nation ...

in 1793. It was restored as Marshal of the Empire during the First French Empire by

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...

. Under the

, the title reverted to Marshal of France, and

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A neph ...

kept that designation. After the fall of Napoleon III and the

Second French Empire The Second French Empire (; officially the French Empire, ), was the 18-year Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third Republic of France. Historians in the 1930s ...

, the Third Republic did not use the title until the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, when it was recreated as a military distinction and not a rank. Contrarily to ranks, which are awarded by the army, the distinction of Marshal of France is awarded by a special law voted by the French Parliament. For this reason, it is impossible to demote a Marshal. The most famous case is Philippe Pétain, who was awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his generalship in World War I, and who was stripped of other positions and titles after his trial for high treason due to his involvement with collaborationist

Vichy France Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its t ...

: due to the principle of separation of powers, the court that judged him did not have the power to cancel the law that had made him a Marshal in the first place. The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Juin, promoted in 1952, who died in 1967. The latest Marshal of France was Marie-Pierre Kœnig, who was made a Marshal posthumously in 1984. Today, the title of Marshal of France can only be granted to a general officer who fought victoriously in war-time.

Direct Capetians

Philip II, 1180–1223

* Albéric Clément, Lord of Le Mez (died 1191), Marshal of France in 1185 *

Matthew II of Montmorency Matthew II or Mathieu II (died 24 November 1230), called ''the Great'' or ''the Great Constable'', was lord of Montmorency from 1189 and Constable of France from 1218 to 1230. Matthew was the son of Bouchard V de Montmorency and Lauretta de Hain ...

, Lord of Montmorency and Marly, Marshal of France in 1191 * Guillaume de Bournel, (died 1195), Marshal of France in 1192 * Nivelon d'Arras (died 1204), Marshal of France in 1202 * Henry I Clément, called the "Little Marshal", Lord of Le Mez and of

Argentan Argentan () is a commune and the seat of two cantons and of an arrondissement in the Orne department in northwestern France. Argentan is located NE of Rennes, ENE of the Mont Saint-Michel, SE of Cherbourg, SSE of Caen, SW of Rouen and N ...

(1170–1214), Marshal of France in 1204 * Jean III Clément, Lord of Le Mez and of Argentan (died 1262), Marshal of France in 1214 * Guillaume de la Tournelle (dates unknown), Marshal of France in 1220

Louis IX, 1226–1270

* Ferry Pasté, Lord of Challeranges (died 1247), Marshal of France in 1240 * Jean Guillaume de Beaumont (died 1257), Marshal of France in 1250 * Henri de Cousances (died 1268), Marshal of France in 1255 * Gauthier III, Lord of Nemours (died 1270), Marshal of France in 1257 * Henri II Clément, Lord of Le Mez and Argentan (died 1265), Marshal of France in 1262 *

Héric de Beaujeu Héric (; br, Hierig) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France. Population Personalities One of its most famous citizens is Paul Tessier, father of craniofacial surgery. See also *Communes of the Loire-Atlantique de ...

(died 1270), Marshal of France in 1265 * Renaud de Précigny (died 1270), Marshal of France in 1265 * Hugh of Mirepoix, Marshal of France in 1266 *

Raoul II Sores Raoul II († 1282), called Sores or d'Estrée, was the marshal of France briefly in 1270 following the death of Héric de Beaujeu and before being replaced or joined by Lancelot de Saint-Maard. He accompanied Louis IX on the Eighth Crusade to ...

(died 1282), Marshal of France in 1270 *

Lancelot de Saint-Maard Lancelot de Saint-Maard (died 1278) was the fourteenth marshal of France at the time of the Eighth Crusade in 1270. Eighth Crusade Lancelot followed Louis IX to Africa with five knights in that year. He distinguished himself in the assault on Ca ...

(died 1278), Marshal of France in 1270

Philip III, 1270–1285

* Ferry de Verneuil (died 1283), Marshal of France in 1272 * Guillaume V du Bec Crespin (died 1283), Marshal of France in 1283 * Jean II d'Harcourt, Viscount of Châtellerault, Lord of Harcourt (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1283 * Raoul V Le Flamenc (died 1287), Marshal of France in 1285

Philip IV, 1285–1314

* Jean de Varennes (died 1292), Marshal of France in 1288 *

Simon de Melun Simon de Melun (1250 – 11 July 1302 in Kortrijk) was a Marshal of France killed in the Battle of the Golden Spurs. He was a younger son of Viscount Adam II of Melun and Constance of Sancerre. From his mother, he inherited the castles of L ...

, Lord of La Loupe and of Marcheville (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1290 * Guy Ier de Clermont de Nesle (died 1302), Marshal of France in 1292 *

Foulques du Merle Foulques or Foucaud du Merle (died 1314) was a Marshal of France, Seigneur of Gacé and Bellou-en-Houlme, and Baron of Le Merlerault, Briouze and Messei. Du Merle was the son of Guillaume VI du Merle and Marie de Nollent. He served Philip II ...

(died 1314), Marshal of France in 1302 * Miles VI de Noyers (died 1350), Marshal of France in 1302 * Jean de Corbeil, Lord of Grez (died 1318), Marshal of France in 1308

Louis X, 1314–1316

* Jean IV de Beaumont (died 1318), Marshal of France in 1315

Philip V, 1316–1322

* Mathieu de Trie (died 1344), Marshal of France in 1318 * Jean des Barres (dates unknown), Marshal of France in 1318 * Bernard VI de Moreuil, Lord of Moreuil (died 1350), Marshal of France in 1322

Charles IV, 1322–1328

* Robert-Jean Bertran de Briquebec, Baron of Briquebec, Viscount of Roncheville (1285–1348), Marshal of France in 1325

Valois

Philip VI, 1328–1350

* Anseau de Joinville (1265–1343), Marshal of France in 1339 * Charles I de Montmorency, Lord of Montmorency (1325–1381), Marshal of France in 1344 * Robert de Waurin, Lord of Saint-Venant (died 1360), Marshal of France in 1344 *

Guy II de Nesle Guy II de Nesle (died August 14, 1352), Lord of Mello, was a Marshal of France (1348) who was killed in the Battle of Mauron. Guy was the son of Jean I de Nesle (died 1352), Lord of Offemont and a grandson of Guy I of Clermont, who was killed in ...

, Lord of Offémont and of Mello (died 1352), Marshal of France in 1345 * Édouard I de Beaujeu, Lord of Châteauneuf (1316–1351), Marshal of France in 1347

John II 1350–1364

Arnoul d'Audrehem Arnoul d'Audrehem (c. 1305 – 1370) was a Marshal of France, who fought in the Hundred Years' War. Biography He was born at Audrehem, in the present arrondissement of Saint-Omer, in the ''département'' of Pas-de-Calais. Nothing is known of hi ...

, Lord of Audrehem (died 1370), Marshal of France in 1351 * Rogues de Hangest, Lord of Avesnecourt (died 1352), Marshal of France in 1352 * Jean de Clermont, Lord of Chantilly and of Beaumont (died 1356), Marshal of France in 1352 *

Jean I Le Maingre Jean I Le Maingre, also called Boucicaut (c. 1310 – 15 March 1367), Marshal of France, was a 14th century French noble. Life In June 1340, Meingre accompanied the expedition of John, Duke of Normandy at the head of an army, attempting by forc ...

(1310–1367), Marshal of France in 1356

Charles V, 1364–1380

* Jean IV de Mauquenchy, Lord of Blainville (died 1391), Marshal of France in 1368 *

Louis de Sancerre Louis de Sancerre (1341 or 1342 – 6 February 1402; aged 60-61) was a Marshal of France and Constable of France during the Hundred Years' War. Early life Sancerre was born as the second son of count Louis II de Sancerre and Béatrix de Ro ...

, Count of Sancerre (1342–1402), Marshal of France in 1369

Charles VI, 1380–1422

* Jean II Le Meingre (1364–1421), Marshal of France in 1391 * Jean II de Rieux, Lord of Rochefort and of Rieux (1342–1417), Marshal of France in 1397 * Pierre de Rieux, Lord of Rochefort and of Rieux (1389–1439), Marshal of France in 1417 *Claude de Beauvoir, Lord of Chastellux and Viscount of Avallon (1385–1453), Marshal of France in 1418 * Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam (1384–1437), Marshal of France in 1418 * Jacques de Montberon, Lord of Engoumois (died 1422), Marshal of France in 1418 *

Gilbert Motier de La Fayette Gilbert Motier de La Fayette (1380 – 22 February 1463) Seigneur of La Fayette, Pontgibaud, Ayes, Nébouzac, Saint-Romain and Montel-de-Gelat was a Marshal of France, namesake of and relation to Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette. ...

(1396–1464), Marshal of France in 1421 * Antoine de Vergy (died 1439), Marshal of France in 1422 *

Jean de La Baume Jean de La Baume (dead after 25 January 1435 ) was a Marshal of France from 1422 until his death. Functions He was:Généalogie de la famille de CarnéJean de La Baume, maréchal de France/ref> * Esquire and ordinary cup-bearer of John the Fe ...

, Count of Montrevel-en-Bresse (died 1435), Marshal of France in 1422

Charles VII, 1422–1461

* Amaury de Séverac, Lord of Beaucaire and of Chaude-Aigues (died 1427), Marshal of France in 1424 * Jean de Brosse, Baron of Boussac and of Sainte-Sévère (1375–1433), Marshal of France in 1426 *

Gilles de Rais Gilles de Rais (c. 1405 – 26 October 1440), Baron de Rais (), was a knight and lord from Brittany, Anjou and Poitou, a leader in the French army, and a companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc. He is best known for his reputation and later c ...

, Lord of Ingrande and of Champtocé (1404–1440), Marshal of France in 1429 * André de Laval-Montmorency, Lord of Lohéac and of Retz (1408–1486), Marshal of France in 1439 * Philippe de Culant, Lord of Jaloignes, of La Croisette, of Saint-Armand and of Chalais (died 1454), Marshal of France in 1441 * Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, Seneschal de Limousin (1390–1461), Marshal of France in 1454

Louis XI, 1461–1483

* Joachim Rouhault de Gamaches, Lord of Boismenard (died 1478), Marshal of France in 1461 *

Jean de Lescun Jean de Lescun d'Armagnac (died 1473?), known as "the bastard of Armagnac", was an ally of king Louis XI of France from before the latter's accession to the throne. He was the illegitimate son of Arnaud Guillaume of Lescun, Bishop of Aire, and Ann ...

, Count of Comminges (died 1473), Marshal of France in 1461 * Wolfart VI Van Borselleen, Lord of Veere in Zeeland and Earl of Buchan in Scotland (died 1487), Marshal of France in 1464 * Pierre de Rohan de Gié, Lord of Rohan (1450–1514), Marshal of France in 1476

Charles VIII, 1483–1498

* Philippe de Crèvecœur d'Esquerdes (1418–1494), Marshal of France in 1486 *

Jean de Baudricourt Jean de Baudricourt was a French Grand Officer Royal and a marshal of France born in 1435 CE. He was the son of Robert de Baudricourt and Arlearde de Chambley. He died in Blois on 11 May 1499. Early career Jean de Baudricourt began his career in ...

, Lord of Choiseul and Bailiff of Chaumont (died 1499), Marshal of France in 1486

Valois-Orléans

Louis XII, 1498–1515

Gian Giacomo Trivulzio Gian Giacomo Trivulzio (1440 or 1441 – December 5, 1518) was an Italian aristocrat and ''condottiero'' who held several military commands during the Italian Wars. Biography Trivulzio was born in Milan, where he studied, among others, w ...

, Marquis of Vigevano (1448–1518), Marshal of France in 1499 * Charles II d'Amboise, Lord of Chaumont, of Meillan and of Charenton (1473–1511), Marshal of France in 1506 * Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, Viscount of Lautrec (1485–1528), Marshal of France in 1511 * Robert Stewart, Lord of Aubigny, Count of Lennox (1470–1544), Marshal of France in 1514

Valois-Angoulême

Francis I 1515–1547

Jacques II de Chabannes Jacques de La Palice (or de La Palisse) (1470 – 24 February 1525) was a French nobleman and military officer. He was the lord of Chabannes, La Palice, Pacy, Chauverothe, Bort-le-Comte and Héron. In 1511, he received the title of Grand Mas ...

, Lord of La Palice (died 1525), Marshal of France in 1515 *

Gaspard I de Coligny Gaspard I de Coligny, Count of Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon (1465/1470–1522), known as the Marshal of Châtillon, was a French soldier. He was born in Châtillon-Coligny, the second son of Jean III de Coligny and Eleanor de Courcelles. He ser ...

, Lord of Châtillon-sur-Loing (died 1522), Marshal of France in 1516 * Thomas de Foix-Lescun (died 1525), Marshal of France in 1518 * Anne I de Montmorency,

Duke of Montmorency Duke of Montmorency was a title of French nobility that was created several times for members of the Montmorency family, who were lords of Montmorency, near Paris. History The first creation was in 1551 for Anne de Montmorency, Constable of Fr ...

and of Damville, Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise and of Dammartin, Viscount of Melun, first Baron of France and Grand Master,

Constable of France The Constable of France (french: Connétable de France, from Latin for 'count of the stables') was lieutenant to the King of France, the first of the original five Great Officers of the Crown (along with seneschal, chamberlain, butler, and ...

etc. (1492–1567), Marshal of France in 1522 * Théodor Trivulce (1458–1531), Marshal of France in 1526 *

Robert III de La Marck Robert III de La Marck (1491, Sedan, Ardennes – 1537), ''Seigneur'' of Fleuranges, was a Marshal of France and historian. Self-styled "The Young Adventurer," he was one of Francis I's close companions in the last years of Louis XII's life, and re ...

, Duke of Bouillon, Lord of Sedan (1491–1537), Marshal of France in 1526 * Claude d'Annebaut (1500–1552), Marshal of France in 1538 * René de Montjean (died 1538), Lord of Montjean, Marshal of France in 1538 * Oudard du Biez, Seigneur of Le Biez (died 1553), Marshal of France in 1542 *

Antoine de Lettes-Desprez Antoine is a French language, French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton (name), Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West ...

, Lord of Montpezat (1490–1544), Marshal of France in 1544 * Jean Caraccioli, Prince of Melphes (1480–1550), Marshal of France in 1544

Henry II 1547–1559

* Jacques d'Albon de Saint-André, Marquis of Fronsac (died 1562), Marshal of France 1547 * Robert IV de La Marck, Duke of Bouillon and Prince of Sedan (1520–1556), Marshal of France in 1547 * Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac (1505–1563), Marshal of France in 1550 *

Pietro Strozzi Piero (or Pietro) Strozzi (c. 1510 – 21 June 1558) was an Italian military leader. He was a member of the rich Florentine family of the Strozzi. Biography left, Portrait of Piero Strozzi Born in Florence, Piero Strozzi was the son of Fili ...

(1500–1558), Marshal of France in 1554 * Paul de La Barthe, Lord of Thermes (1482–1562), Marshal of France in 1558

Francis II 1559–1560

François de Montmorency François de Montmorency, Duc de Montmorency (17 July 1530 – 6 May 1579) was a French soldier, diplomat and peer who served as governor of Paris. He was Duke of Montmorency, Count of Dammartin, Baron of Châteaubriant and Lord of L'Isle-Adam ...

, Duke of Montmorency (1520–1579), Marshal of France in 1559

Charles IX, 1560–1574

* François de Scépeaux, Lord of Vieilleville (1509–1571), Marshal of France in 1562 * Imbert de La Plâtière, Lord of Bourdillon (1524–1567), Marshal of France in 1562 *

Henri I de Montmorency Henri I de Montmorency (15 June 1534 in Chantilly, Oise – 2 April 1614), Marshal of France, and Constable of France, seigneur of Damville, served as Governor of Languedoc from 1563 to 1614. Biography Born on 15 June 1534, Henri was the son ...

, Lord of Damville, Duke of Montmorency, Count of Dammartin and Alais, Baron of Chateaubriant, Lord of Chantilly and Ecouen (1534–1614), Marshal of France in 1566 * Artus de Cossé-Brissac, Lord of Gonnor and Count of Secondigny (1512-1582), Marshal of France in 1567 *

Gaspard de Saulx Gaspard de Saulx, sieur de Tavannes (March 1509–June 1573) was a French Roman Catholic military leader during the Italian Wars and the French Wars of Religion. He served under four kings during his career, participating in the Siege of Calais (15 ...

, Lord of Tavannes (1509–1575), Marshal of France in 1570 * Honorat II de Savoye, Marquis of Villars (1511-1580), Marshal of France in 1571 *

Albert de Gondi Albert de Gondi, duc de Retz (4 November 1522 in Florence – 1602) seigneur du Perron, comte, then marquis de Belle-Isle (1573), duc de Retz (from 1581), was a marshal of France and a member of the Gondi family. Beginning his career during t ...

, Duke of Retz (1522–1602), Marshal of France in 1573

Henry III 1574–1589

* Roger I de Saint Larry, Lord of Bellegarde (died 1579), Marshal of France in 1574 * Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, Seigneur de Montluc (1500–1577), Marshal of France in 1574 * Louis Prévost de Sansac, Baron de Sansac (1496–1576), Marshal of France * Armand de Gontaut, Baron de Biron (1524–1592), Marshal of France in 1577 * Jacques II de Goyon, Lord of Matignon and of Lesparre, Count of Thorigny, Prince of Mortagne sur Gironde (1525–1597), Marshal of France in 1579 *

Jean VI d'Aumont Jean VI d'Aumont (1522-1595) was a soldier and Marshal of France. He served as Marshal under Henri III, campaigning against the Protestants in 1585. He would not however conduct the campaign with much enthusiasm, and after clamour at court he would ...

, Baron of Estrabonne, Count of Châteauroux (1522-1595), Marshal of France *

Guillaume de Joyeuse Guillaume de Joyeuse (1520–1592) was a French military commander during the French Wars of Religion. Originally destined for the church, he assumed the office of ''vicomte de Joyeuse'' upon the death of his elder brother in 1554. He was subseque ...

, Viscount of Joyeuse, Lord of Saint-Didier, of Laudun, of Puyvert and of Arques (1520–1592), Marshal of France in 1582

Bourbons

Henry IV 1589–1610

Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Duc de Bouillon Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (''titular'' Duke of Bouillon, ''jure uxoris'', ''comte de Montfort et Negrepelisse, vicomte de Turenne, Castillon, et Lanquais'') (28 September 1555 – 25 March 1623) was a member of the powerful (then Huguenot) Hous ...

(1555–1623), Marshal of France in 1592 * Charles de Gontaut, Duc de Biron (1562–1602), Marshal of France in 1594 * Claude de La Chatre, Baron de la Maisonfort (1536–1614), Marshal of France in 1594 * Jean de Montluc de Balagny (1560–1603), Marshal of France in 1594 * Charles II de Cossé, Duke of Brissac (1562–1621), Marshal of France in 1594 * Jean III de Baumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin and Count of Nègrepelisse (1551–1614), Marshal of France in 1595 * Henri, Duke of Joyeuse (1567–1608), Marshal of France in 1595 * Urbain de Montmorency-Laval, Marquis of Sablé (1557–1629), Marshal of France in 1595 * Alphonse d'Ornano (1548–1610), Marshal of France in 1597 * Guillaume de Hautemer, Count of Grancey (1537–1613), Marshal of France in 1597 *

François de Bonne, Duke of Lesdiguières François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières (, 1 April 1543 – 21 September 1626) was a French soldier of the French Wars of Religion and Constable of France, and one of only six Marshals to have been promoted Marshal General of France. Early ...

(1543–1626), Marshal of France in 1608

Louis XIII, 1610–1643

* Concino Concini, Marquis of Ancre (1575–1617), Marshal of France in 1613 * Gilles de Courtenvaux, Marquis of Souvré (1540–1626), Marshal of France in 1614 * Antoine, Baron de Roquelaure (1560–1625), Marshal of France in 1614 * Louis de La Châtre, Baron de Maisonfort (died 1630), Marshal of France in 1616 * Pons de Lauzières-Thémines-Cardaillac, Marquis of Thémines (1553–1627), Marshal of France in 1616 * François de La Grange d'Arquien, Lord of Montigny and of Séry in Bérry (1554–1617), Marshal of France in 1616 * Nicolas de L'Hôpital, Duke of Vitry (1581–1644), Marshal of France in 1617 * Charles de Choiseul-Praslin, Marquis of Praslin (1563–1626), Marshal of France in 1619 * Jean François de La Guiche, Count of La Palice (1569–1632), Marshal of France in 1619 * Honoré d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1581–1649), Marshal of France in 1620 * François d'Esparbes de Lussan, Viscount of Aubeterre (died 1628), Marshal of France in 1620 * Charles de Créquy, Prince of Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières (1580–1638), Marshal of France in 1621 * Jacques Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force(1558–1652), Marshal of France in 1621 * François, Marquis of Bassompierre (1579–1646), Marshal of France in 1622 * Gaspard de Coligny, Duke of Châtillon (1584–1646), Marshal of France in 1622 * Henri de Schomberg (1574–1632), Marshal of France in 1625 * Jean-Baptiste d'Ornano (1581–1626), Marshal of France in 1626 * François Annibal, Duc d'Estrées (1573–1670), Marshal of France in 1626 * Timoléon d'Epinay de Saint-Luc (1580–1644), Marshal of France in 1627 *

Louis de Marillac Jean-Louis de Marillac, ''comte de Beaumont-le-Roger'' (1572 – 10 May 1632) was an important French noble and military leader during the reign of Louis XIII. He held the office of Marshal of France, as well as lieutenant-general of Trois-Évêch ...

, Count of Beaumont-le-Roger (1572–1632), Marshal of France in 1629 * Henri II, Duke of Montmorency and of Damville, also Admiral of France (1595–1632), Marshal of France in 1630 * Jean Caylar d'Anduze de Saint-Bonnet, Marquis of Toiras (1585–1636), Marshal of France in 1630 * Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé d'Effiat (1581–1632), Marshal of France in 1631 * Urbain de Maillé, Marquis of Brézé (1597–1650), Marshal of France in 1633 *

Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully Maximilien de Béthune, 1st Duke of Sully, Marquis of Rosny and Nogent, Count of Muret and Villebon, Viscount of Meaux (13 December 156022 December 1641) was a nobleman, soldier, statesman, and counselor of King Henry IV of France. Historians emp ...

(1560–1641), Marshal of France in 1634 * Charles de Schomberg, Duke of Halluin (1601–1656), Marshal of France in 1637 * Charles de La Porte, Marquis of Meilleraye (1602–1664), Marshal of France in 1639 * Antoine III, Duke of Gramont (1604–1678), Marshal of France in 1641 * Jean-Baptiste Budes, Count of Guébriant (1602–1643), Marshal of France in 1642 * Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, Duke of Cardona (1605–1657), Marshal of France in 1642 * François de L'Hôpital, Count of Rosnay (1583–1660), Marshal of France in 1643 * Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (1611–1675), Marshal of France in 1643, Marshal General of France in 1660 * Jean, Count of Gassion, (1609–1647), Marshal of France in 1643

Louis XIV, 1643–1715

* César, Duke of Choiseul (1598–1675), Marshal of France in 1645 * Josias, Count of Rantzau (1609–1650), Marshal of France in 1645 * Nicolas de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi (1597–1685), Marshal of France in 1646 * Antoine d'Aumont de Rochebaron, Duc d'Aumont (1601–1669), Marshal of France in 1651 * Jacques d'Étampes, Marquis of la Ferté-Imbert (1590–1663), Marshal of France in 1651 * Henri, Duke of la Ferté-Senneterre (1600–1681), Marshal of France in 1651 * Charles de Mouchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt (1599–1658), Marshal of France in 1651 * Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey (1603–1680), Marshal of France in 1651 * Armand Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force (1582–1672), Marshal of France in 1652 * Philippe de Clérambault, Count of la Palluau (1606–1665), Marshal of France in 1652 *

César Phoebus d'Albret, Count of Miossens César Phoebus d'Albret, ''comte de Miossens'' (16143 September 1676), was a French soldier, a Marshal of France under Louis XIV (his distant cousin), and a court gallant. He was also a cousin of the marquise de Montespan. His faithful attachme ...

(1614–1676), Marshal of France in 1653 * Louis de Foucault de Saint-Germain Beaupré Count of Le Daugnon (1616–1659), Marshal of France in 1653 * Jean de Schulemberg, Count of Montejeu (1597–1671), Marshal of France in 1658 * Abraham de Fabert, Marquis of Esternay (1599–1662), Marshal of France in 1658 * Jacques de Mauvisière, Marquis of Castelnau (1620–1658), Marshal of France in 1658 * Bernardin Gigault, Marquis of Bellefonds (1630–1694), Marshal of France in 1668 *

François de Créquy François de Blanchefort de Créquy, later Marquis de Marines, 2 October 1629 to 3 February 1687, was a 17th-century French noble and soldier, who served in the wars of Louis XIV of France. He came from a powerful and well-connected family, hi ...

, Marquis of Marines (1620–1687), Marshal of France in 1668 *

Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières Louis de Crévant, Marquis then later duc d'Humières (1628–1694) was a French nobleman of the 17th century, who became a Marshal of France in 1668 and Grand Master of Artillery in 1685. His career allegedly benefited from connections to h ...

(1628–1694), Marshal of France in 1668 * Godefroy d'Estrades, Count of Estrades (1607–1686), Marshal of France in 1675 * Philippe de Montaut-Bénac, Duke of Navailles (1619–1684), Marshal of France in 1675 * Frédéric Armand, Duke of Schomberg (1616–1690), Marshal of France in 1675 * Jacques Henri de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1626–1704), Marshal of France in 1675 * François d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade (1625–1691), Marshal of France in 1675 * Louis Victor de Rochechouart, Duke of Mortemart ''le Maréchal de Vivonne'' (1636–1688), Marshal of France in 1675 *

François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg (8 January 1628 – 4 January 1695), and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame" (''Le Tapissier de Notre-Dame''), was a French general and Mars ...

(1628–1695), Marshal of France in 1675 * Henri Louis d'Aloigny, Marquis of Rochefort (1636–1676), Marshal of France in 1675 * Guy de Durfort, Duke of Lorges (1630–1702), Marshal of France in 1676 * Jean II, Count of Estrées 1624–1707), Marshal of France in 1681 *

Claude de Choiseul, Marquis of Francières Claude may refer to: __NOTOC__ People and fictional characters * Claude (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Claude (surname), a list of people * Claude Lorrain (c. 1600–1682), French landscape painter, draughtsman and etcher ...

(1632–1711), Marshal of France in 1693 * Jean Armand de Joyeuse, Marquis of Grandpré (1632–1710), Marshal of France in 1693 * François de Neufville, Duke of Villeroi (1644–1730), Marshal of France in 1693 * Louis François, duc de Boufflers, comte de Cagny (1644–1711), Marshal of France in 1693 * Anne-Hilarion de Costentin, Count of Tourville (1642–1701), Marshal of France in 1693 *

Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles Anne Jules de Noailles, 2nd Duke of Noailles (5 February 16502 October 1708) was one of the chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV, and, after raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during bot ...

(1650–1708), Marshal of France in 1693 * Nicolas Catinat (1637–1712), Marshal of France in 1693 * Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (1654–1712), Marshal of France in 1695 * Claude Louis Hector, Duke of Villars (1653–1734), Marshal of France in 1702, Marshal General of France in 1733 * Noël Bouton, Marquis of Chamilly (1636–1715), Marshal of France in 1703 * Victor Marie, Duc d'Estrées (1660–1737), Marshal of France in 1703 * François Louis Rousselet, Marquis of Château-Renault (1637–1716), Marshal of France in 1703 * Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis of Vauban (1633–1707), Marshal of France in 1703 * Conrad, Marquis of Rosen (1628–1715), Marshal of France in 1703 * Nicolas Chalon du Blé, Marquis of Huxelles (1652–1730), Marshal of France in 1703 * René de Froulay, Count of Tessé (1651–1725), Marshal of France in 1703 * Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard (1652–1728), Marshal of France in 1703 * Nicolas Auguste de La Baume, Marquis of Montrevel (1636–1716), Marshal of France in 1703 * Henry, duc d'Harcourt (1654–1718), Marshal of France in 1703 * Ferdinand, Count of Marsin (1656–1706), Marshal of France in 1703 * James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670–1734), Marshal of France in 1706 * Charles Auguste Goyon, Count of Matignon (1647–1729), Marshal of France in 1708 * Jacques de Bazin, Marquis of Bezons (1645–1733), Marshal of France in 1709 * Pierre de Montesquiou, Count of Artagnan (1645–1725), Marshal of France in 1709 ''N.B. : not the famous

D'Artagnan Charles de Batz de Castelmore (), also known as d'Artagnan and later Count d'Artagnan ( 1611 – 25 June 1673), was a French Musketeer who served Louis XIV as captain of the Musketeers of the Guard. He died at the siege of Maastricht in the ...

, but a relative'' * Alberico III Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa (1674–1715), Marshal of France in 1703.

Louis XV, 1715–1774

* Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie (1646–1727), Marshal of France in 1724 * Antoine Gaston Jean Baptiste, Duke of Roquelaure (1656–1738), Marshal of France in 1724 * Jacques Rouxel, Count of Grancey and of Médavy (1655–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * Éléonor du Maine, Count of Le Bourg (1655–1739), Marshal of France in 1724 * Yves, marquis d'Alègre (1653–1733), Marshal of France in 1724 * Louis d'Aubusson, Duke of la Feuillade (1673–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * Antoine V, Duke of Gramont (1671–1725), Marshal of France in 1724 * Alain Emmanuel, Marquis of Coëtlogon (1646–1730), Marshal of France in 1730 * Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1663–1756), Marshal of France in 1734 * Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis of Puységur (1665–1743), Marshal of France in 1734 * Claude Bidal, Marquis of Asfeld (1665–1743), Marshal of France in 1734 * Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles (1678–1766), Marshal of France in 1734 * Christian Louis de Montmorency-Luxembourg, Prince de Tingry (1713–1787), Marshal of France in 1734 * François Marie II, Duke of Broglie (1671–1745), Marshal of France in 1734 * François de Franquetot, Duke of Coigny (1670–1759), Marshal of France in 1734 * Charles, Duke of Lévis-Charlus (1669–1734), Marshal of France in 1734 * Louis de Brancas de Forcalquier, Marquis of Céreste (1671–1750), Marshal of France in 1740 * Louis Auguste d'Albert d'Ailly, Duke of Chaulnes (1676–1744), Marshal of France in 1741 * Louis Armand de Brichanteau, Duke of Nangis (1682–1742), Marshal of France in 1741 * Louis de Gand de Mérode de Montmorency, prince d'Isenghien (1678–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * Jean-Baptiste de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1684–1778), Marshal of France in 1741 * Jean-Baptiste Desmarets, Marquis of Maillebois (1682–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * Charles Fouquet, Duke of Belle-Isle, called ''the Marshal of Belle-Isle'' (1684–1762), Marshal of France in 1741 * Maurice, comte de Saxe (1696–1750), Marshal of France in 1741, Marshal General of France in 1747 * Jean-Baptiste Andrault, Marquis of Maulévrier (1677–1754), Marshal of France in 1745 * Claude Testu, Marquis of Balincourt (1680–1770), Marshal of France in 1746 * Philippe Charles, Marquis of la Fare (1687–1752), Marshal of France in 1746 * François, duc d'Harcourt (1689–1750), Marshal of France in 1746 * Guy, Count of Montmorency-Laval (1677–1751), Marshal of France in 1747 * Gaspard, Duke of Clermont-Tonnerre 1688–1781, Marshal of France in 1747 * Louis Claude, Marquis of La Mothe-Houdancourt (1687–1755), Marshal of France in 1747 * Ulrich, Count of Löwendahl (1700–1755), Marshal of France in 1747 *

Louis François Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu (; 13 March 1696 – 8 August 1788), was a French soldier, diplomat and statesman. He joined the army and participated in three major wars. He eventually rose to the rank of Marsha ...

(1696–1788), Marshal of France in 1748 * Jean de Fay, Marquis of la Tour-Maubourg (1684–1764), Marshal of France in 1757 * Louis Antoine de Gontaut (1701–1788), Count (afterwards Duke) of Biron, Marshal of France in 1757 * Daniel François de Gélas de Voisons d'Ambres, Viscount of Lautrec (1686–1762), Marshal of France in 1757 * Charles François Frédéric de Montmorency, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg (1702–1764), Marshal of France in 1757 * Louis Le Tellier, Duc d'Estrées (1695–1771), Marshal of France in 1757 * Jean Charles de la Ferté, Marquis of La Ferté Senneterre (1685–1770), Marshal of France in 1757 * Charles O'Brien de Thomond, Count of Thomond and of Clare (1699–1761), Marshal of France in 1757 * Gaston Pierre de Lévis, Duke of Mirepoix (1699–1758), Marshal of France in 1757 *

Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny ( hu, Bercsényi László) (August 3, 1689 in Eperjes, Sáros County, Kingdom of Hungary (today Prešov, Slovakia) – January 9, 1778 in Luzancy, Kingdom of France (today France) was a Hungarian-born soldier who beca ...

(1689–1778), Marshal of France in 1758 * Hubert de Brienne, Count of Conflans (1690–1777), Marshal of France in 1758 * Louis Georges, Marquis of Contades (1704–1793), Marshal of France in 1758 *

Charles de Rohan, Prince of Soubise Charles de Rohan (16 July 17151 July 1787), Prince of Soubise, Duke of Rohan-Rohan, Seigneur of Roberval, and Marshal of France from 1758, was a soldier, and minister to kings Louis XV and Louis XVI. He was the last male of his branch of the Hou ...

(1715–1787), Marshal of France in 1758 * Victor François, Duke de Broglie (1718–1804), Marshal of France in 1759 * Guy Michel de Durfort de Lorge, Duke of Randan (1704–1773), Marshal of France in 1768 * Louis de Brienne de Conflans, Marquis of Armentières (1711–1774), Marshal of France in 1768 * Jean de Cossé, Duke of Brissac (1698–1780), Marshal of France in 1768

Louis XVI, 1774–1792

* Anne Pierre, Duke of Harcourt (1701–1783), Marshal of France in 1775 * Louis, 4th duc de Noailles (1713–1793), Marshal of France in 1775 * Antoine, Count of Nicolaï (1712–1787), Marshal of France in 1775 * Charles, Duke of Fitz-James (1712–1787), Marshal of France in 1775 * Philippe, Duke of Mouchy (1715–1794), Marshal of France in 1775 * Emmanuel de Durfort, Duke of Duras (1715–1789), Marshal of France in 1775 * Louis Nicolas, Duc du Muy (1702–1775), Marshal of France in 1775 * Claude, Count of Saint-Germain (1707–1778), Marshal of France in 1775 * Guy de Montmorency, Duke of Laval (1723–1798), Marshal of France in 1783 * Augustin, Count of Mailly (1708–1794), Marshal of France in 1783 * Henri Bouchard de Lussan, Marquis of Aubeterre (1714–1788), Marshal of France in 1783 * Charles de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau-Craon (1720–1793), Marshal of France in 1783 * Noël Jourda, Count of Vaux (1705–1788), Marshal of France in 1783 *

Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur Philippe Henri, Marquis de Ségur (20 January 1724 – 3 October 1801) was a grandson of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, nobleman, Marshal of France, and Secretary of State for War under Louis XV and later Louis XVI. Biography Born in Paris, son o ...

(1724–1801), Marshal of France in 1783 * Jacques de Choiseul-Stainville, Count of Choiseul (1727–1789), Marshal of France in 1783 * Charles de La Croix, Marquis of Castries (1727–1801), Marshal of France in 1783 * Emmanuel de Croÿ-Solre, Duke of Croÿ (1718–1784), Marshal of France in 1783 *

François Gaston de Lévis, Duc de Lévis François () is a French masculine given name and surname, equivalent to the English name Francis. People with the given name * Francis I of France, King of France (), known as "the Father and Restorer of Letters" * Francis II of France, King ...

(1719–1787), Marshal of France in 1783 * Nicolas Luckner, Comte Luckner (1722–1794), Marshal of France since in 1791 * Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1725–1807), Marshal of France in 1791

First Empire

Napoleon I, 1804–1814, 1815

Throughout his reign, Napoleon created a total of twenty-six Marshals of the Empire:R.P. Dunn-Pattison ''Napoleon's Marshals'' Methuen 1909 - Reprinted Empiricus Books 2001. Marechal Ney

* Louis-Alexandre Berthier, Prince of Neuchâtel and of Wagram, Duke of Valangin (1753–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Joachim Murat, Prince d'Empire, Grand Duke of Berg, King of Naples (1767–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 *

Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey (or Jannot de Moncey), 1st Duke of Conegliano (31 July 1754 – 20 April 1842) was a French military officer and a prominent commander in the French Revolutionary Wars and later a Marshal of the Empire during the Nap ...

, Duke of Conégliano (1754–1842), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 *

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, 1st Count Jourdan (29 April 1762 – 23 November 1833), was a French military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire by Emperor Napoleon I i ...

, Count of the Empire (1762–1833), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling (1758–1817), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Pierre Augereau, Duke of Castiglione (1757–1816), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 *

Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte sv, Karl Johan Baptist Julius , spouse = , issue = Oscar I of Sweden , house = Bernadotte , father = Henri Bernadotte , mother = Jeanne de Saint-Jean , birth_date = , birth_place = Pau, ...

(1763–1844),

Prince of Pontecorvo The Principality of Pontecorvo was a principality in Italy created by Napoleon after he became King of Italy in 1805. It consisted of the Italian commune of Pontecorvo, an exclave of the Papal States from 1463 within the territory of the Ki ...

, King of Sweden and Norway under the name Charles XIV John (1818–1844), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune, Count of the Empire (1763–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Duke of Dalmatie (1769–1851), Marshal of the Empire in 1804, Marshal General of France in 1847 * Jean Lannes, Duke of Montebello (1769–1809), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise (1768–1835), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Michel Ney, Duke of Elchingen, Prince of the Moskva (1769–1815), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Louis-Nicolas Davout, Duke of Auerstädt, Prince of Eckmühl (1770–1823), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 * Jean-Baptiste Bessières, Duke of Istria (1768–1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 *

François Christophe de Kellermann François-Étienne-Christophe Kellermann or de Kellermann, 1st Duke of Valmy (german: Franz Stephan Christoph Edler von Kellermann; 28 May 1735 – 23 September 1820) was a French military commander, later the Général d'Armée, a Marshal of ...

, Duke of Valmy (1737–1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * François Joseph Lefebvre, Duke of Danzig (1755–1820), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) *

Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon, 1st Marquis of Grenade (, 31 May 1754 – 25 December 1818) was a Marshal of the Empire. Early life Pérignon was born to a family of the lesser nobility in Grenade-sur-Garonne, Languedoc. After a ''roturier'' ...

, Marquis of Grenade (1754–1818), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) * Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier, Count of the Empire (1742–1819), Marshal of the Empire in 1804 (honorary) *

Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno Claude-Victor Perrin, 1st Duke of Belluno (7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a French soldier and military commander who served during both the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire in ...

(1764–1841), Marshal of the Empire in 1807 * Jacques MacDonald, Duke of Tarento (1765–1840), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 * Nicolas Oudinot, Duke of Reggio (1767–1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 * Auguste de Marmont, Duke of Ragusa (1774–1852), Marshal of the Empire in 1809 *

Louis-Gabriel Suchet Louis-Gabriel Suchet (2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826), Duke of Albufera (french: Duc d'Albuféra), was a French Marshal of the Empire and one of the most successful commanders of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is regarde ...

, Duke of Albufera (1770–1826), Marshal of the Empire in 1811 * Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Marquis of Gouvion-Saint-Cyr (1764–1830), Marshal of the Empire in 1812 * Józef Poniatowski, Prince Poniatowski (1763–1813), Marshal of the Empire in 1813 * Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy (1766–1847), Marshal of the Empire in 1815 The names of nineteen of these have been given to successive stretches of boulevards encircling

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...

, which has thus been nicknamed the ''Boulevards des Maréchaux'' ( Boulevards of the Marshals). Another three Marshals have been honored with a street elsewhere in the city. The four Marshals banned from memory are: Bernadotte and Marmont, considered as traitors; Pérignon, stricken off the list by Napoleon in 1815; and Grouchy, regarded as responsible for the defeat at Waterloo.

Restoration

Louis XVIII, 1815–1824

Jacques Alexandre Law de Lauriston (Godefroid)

* Georges Cadoudal (1771–1804), Marshal of France in 1814 (''posthumous'') * Jean Victor Marie Moreau (1763–1813), Marshal of France in 1814 (''posthumous'') * François-Henri de Franquetot de Coigny, Duke of Coigny (1737–1821), Marshal of France in 1816 * Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, Duke of Feltre (1765–1818), Marshal of France in 1816 * Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, Marquis of Beurnonville (1752–1821), Marshal of France in 1816 * Charles Joseph Hyacinthe du Houx de Viomesnil, Marquis of Viomesnil (1734–1827), Marshal of France in 1816 * Jacques Alexandre Law, Marquis of Lauriston (1768–1828), Marshal of France in 1823 * Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor, Count Molitor (1770–1849), Marshal of France in 1823

Charles X, 1824–1830

* Louis Aloy de Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein, Prince of Hohnlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein (1765–1829), Marshal of France in 1827 * Nicolas Joseph Maison, Marquis Maison (1771–1840), Marshal of France in 1829 * Louis Auguste Victor de Ghaisne de Bourmont, Count of Bourmont (1773–1846), Marshal of France in 1830

July Monarchy

Louis-Philippe 1830–1848

Court - Sylvain Charles Valée (1773-1846) - MV 1176

* Étienne Maurice Gérard, Count Gérard (1773–1852), Marshal of France in 1830 * Bertrand Clauzel, Count Clauzel (1772–1842), Marshal of France in 1831 * Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis of Grouchy (1766–1847), Marshal of France in 1831 * Georges Mouton, Count Lobau (1770–1838), Marshal of France in 1831 *

Sylvain Charles Valée Sylvain-Charles, comte Valée (17 December 1773 – 16 August 1846), born in Brienne-le-Château, was a Marshal of France. Upon the outbreak of the French Revolution, Valée enlisted in the French revolutionary army and was sent to serve i ...

, Count Valée (1773–1846), Marshal of France in 1837 *

Horace Sébastiani Quintus Horatius Flaccus (; 8 December 65 – 27 November 8 BC), known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his '' ...

, Count Sébastiani (1772–1851), Marshal of France in 1840 * Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Count d'Erlon (1765–1844), Marshal of France in 1843 *

Thomas Robert Bugeaud Thomas Robert Bugeaud, marquis de la Piconnerie, duc d'Isly (15 October 178410 June 1849) was a Marshal of France and Governor-General of Algeria. Early life He was born at Limoges, a member of a noble family of Périgord (Occitania), the yo ...

, Duke of Isly, (1784–1849), Marshal of France in 1843 *

Honoré Charles Reille Honoré Charles Michel Joseph Reille (; 1 September 1775 – 4 March 1860) was a Marshal of France, born in Antibes. Reille served in the early campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars under Dumouriez and Masséna, whose daughter Victoire he m ...

, Count Reille (1775–1860), Marshal of France in 1847 *

Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie Guillaume Dode de la Brunerie (April 30, 1775 – February 28, 1851) was a Marshal of France. On February 12, 1812, he married the daughter of Marshal Pérignon, ''Agathe-Virginie''. Early life and French revolutionary wars Guillaume Dode was bor ...

, Viscount de la Brunerie (1775–1851), Marshal of France in 1847

Second Republic

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1848–1852

* Jérôme Bonaparte, former King of Westphalia (1784–1860), Marshal of France in 1850 *

Rémi Joseph Isidore Exelmans The Remi were an ancient Belgic tribe. Remi may also refer to: People * Georges Prosper Remi (1907–1983), a Belgian comic book writer and artist, best known for his comic ''The Adventures of Tintin'', better known as "Hergé" * Jose Vega San ...

, Count Exelmans (1775–1852), Marshal of France in 1851 * Jean Isidore Harispe, Count Harispe (1768–1855), Marshal of France in 1851 * Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant, Count Vaillant (1790–1872), Marshal of France in 1851 *

Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud (20 August 1798 – 29 September 1854) was a French soldier and Marshal of France. He served as French Minister of War until the Crimean War when he became Commander-in-chief of the army of the East. Biog ...

(1798–1854), Marshal of France in 1852 *

Bernard Pierre Magnan Bernard Pierre Magnan (7 December 1791 in Paris – 29 May 1865 in Paris) was a Marshal of France. Magnan started his career as an enlisted soldier of the 66th Line in 1809. Promoted to sergeant in 1810, the next year he entered the officers r ...

(1791–1865), Marshal of France in 1852 * Boniface de Castellane, Marquis of Castellane (1788–1862), Marshal of France in 1852

Second Empire

Napoleon III, 1852–1870

* Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers, Count Baraguey d'Hilliers (1795–1878), Marshal of France in 1854 * Aimable Pélissier, Duke of Malakoff (1794–1864), Marshal of France in 1855 * Jacques Louis Randon, Count Randon (1795–1871), Marshal of France in 1856 * François Certain de Canrobert (1809–1895), Marshal of France in 1856 * Pierre Bosquet (1810–1861), Marshal of France in 1856 * Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta (1809–1893), Marshal of France in 1859 *

Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély Auguste Michel Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély, later 2nd Count Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély (30 July 1794, Paris – 1 February 1870 Cannes) was a Marshal of France, soldier and politician. Biography Auguste was the illegitimate son ...

(1794–1870), Marshal of France in 1859 * Adolphe Niel (1802–1869), Marshal of France in 1859 * Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, Count of Ornano (1784–1863), Marshal of France in 1861 * Élie Frédéric Forey (1804–1872), Marshal of France in 1863 *

François Achille Bazaine François Achille Bazaine (13 February 181123 September 1888) was an officer of the French army. Rising from the ranks, during four decades of distinguished service (including 35 years on campaign) under Louis-Philippe and then Napoleon III, he ...

(1811–1888), Marshal of France in 1864 * Edmond Le Bœuf (1809–1888), Marshal of France in 1870

Third Republic

Raymond Poincaré, 1913–1920

* Joseph Joffre (1852–1931), Marshal of France in 1916 * Ferdinand Foch (1851–1929), Marshal of France in 1918 * Philippe Pétain (1856–1951), Marshal of France in 1918

Alexandre Millerand, 1920–1924

* Joseph Gallieni (1849–1916), Marshal of France in 1921 (''posthumous'') * Hubert Lyautey (1854–1934), Marshal of France in 1921 * Louis Franchet d'Espèrey (1856–1942), Marshal of France in 1921 * Marie Émile Fayolle (1852–1928), Marshal of France in 1921 * Michel-Joseph Maunoury (1847–1923), Marshal of France in 1923 (''posthumous'')

Fourth Republic

Vincent Auriol, 1947–1954

* Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1889–1952), Marshal of France in 1952 (''posthumous'') * Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1902–1947), Marshal of France in 1952 (''posthumous'') * Alphonse Juin (1888–1967), Marshal of France in 1952

Fifth Republic

François Mitterrand, 1981–1995

* Marie-Pierre Kœnig (1898–1970), Marshal of France in 1984 (''posthumous'')

Refused

This distinction was refused by : * Eugène Cavaignac (1802–1857), head of the Government of the Third Republic, in 1848 *

Louis-Jules Trochu Louis-Jules Trochu (; 12 March 18157 October 1896) was a French military leader and politician. He served as President of the Government of National Defense—France's ''de facto'' head of state—from 4 September 1870 until his resignation on 2 ...

(1815–1896), head of the Government of National Defense, in 1871 * Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970), president of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, in 1946

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marshals of France

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Lists of French military personnel Military ranks of France