María Rosa Oliver or María Rosa Oliver Romero (10 September 1898 – 19 April 1977) was an

Argentinian Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish ( masculine) or ( feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

short story writer, essayist, critic, translatorMaria Oliver
Princeton University, retrieved 11 December 2014 and activist. She won the

Lenin Peace Prize The International Lenin Peace Prize (russian: международная Ленинская премия мира, ''mezhdunarodnaya Leninskaya premiya mira)'' was a Soviet Union award named in honor of Vladimir Lenin. It was awarded by a pane ...

in 1957.

Life

Oliver was born in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

in 1898. She was the eldest of eight children from an influential family. She was descended from María de los Remedios de Escalada and she was the great grand daughter of

José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or '' the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru'', was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and centr ...

who had led the fight for independence from Spain. Oliver was vice-president of the Union of Argentine Women and a co-founder of

Junta de la Victoria Junta de la Victoria was an Argentinian social movement that mobilized women against fascism and for democracy, both at home and abroad. Founded on September 13, 1941 by upper-class women, Communists, rural Jewish women, and wives of foreign diplom ...

. She wrote in opposition to fascism and a defender of the Argentine state.The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition
1979, retrieved 11 December 2014 Starting in 1942 she was one of the founding members of the Argentinian magazine '' Sur'' with

Victoria Ocampo Ramona Victoria Epifanía Rufina Ocampo (7 April 1890 – 27 January 1979) was an Argentine writer and intellectual. Best known as an advocate for others and as publisher of the literary magazine '' Sur'', she was also a writer and critic in he ...

. She was employed in 1944 by Nelson Rockefeller who was then Secretary of State. Her mission was to improve relations between the United States and Argentina. Oliver reported to Rockefeller that America had the same problem with its public relations as Argentina had with its public relations within South America. She thought that Argentina was not well regarded because of its power - for instance it dominated the South American printing industry. She felt that the United States dealt with the world in a superior way. Rockefeller resigned in 1944 but still continued to work on relations with Argentina. She was still working with Rockefeller in 1945 and this was the same year as she ceased her involvement with ''Sur'' magazine. In 1957 Oliver was awarded the International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Nations after serving on the World Peace Council starting in 1953.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Oliver, Maria Rosa 1898 births 1977 deaths Writers from Buenos Aires Argentine women short story writers Argentine essayists Argentine critics Argentine translators 20th-century Argentine writers 20th-century women writers 20th-century translators Argentine women essayists Argentine women critics 20th-century short story writers 20th-century essayists