The

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur ...

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriat ...

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and e ...

include 288

of terrestrial and 91 species of

marine mammals Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as seals, whales, manatees, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their ...

recorded within the territorial boundaries of

Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by th ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...

and

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Mal ...

. The terrestrial

mammals Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur o ...

are dominated by the

chiroptera Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...

(102 species of bats) and

rodent Rodents (from Latin , 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia (), which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents. They are n ...

s (61 species of rats and mice).

Introduction

The high diversity and endemicity of mammals is related to the many niches found in the

tropical rain forest Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as ''lowland equatori ...

of Borneo and past

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...

events within the

Sundaland Sundaland (also called Sundaica or the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region of South-eastern Asia corresponding to a larger landmass that was exposed throughout the last 2.6 million years during periods when sea levels were lower. It ...

region. During

interglacial An interglacial period (or alternatively interglacial, interglaciation) is a geological interval of warmer global average temperature lasting thousands of years that separates consecutive glacial periods within an ice age. The current Holocene i ...

and post-glacial periods, there was migration of animal from the Asian mainland into Borneo and into

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu ...

via the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. Due to lack of favourable habitats and small founder population, some species of animals have become

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

and others have radiated into endemic species. Of the 57 mammal species that were identified from archaeological remains in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 13 were bats. Four of these were megachiropterans, ''

Pteropus vampyrus The large flying fox (''Pteropus vampyrus'', formerly ''Pteropus giganteus''), also known as the greater flying fox, Malayan flying fox, Malaysian flying fox, large fruit bat, kalang, or kalong, is a southeast Asian species of megabat in the fam ...

'', ''

Rousettus amplexicaudatus Geoffroy's rousette (''Rousettus amplexicaudatus'') is a species of megabat or Old World fruit bats. It is one of ten species in the genus ''Rousettus''. Distribution Geoffroy's rousette occurs throughout Southeast Asia and in the Malesia reg ...

'', ''Rousettus'' sp and ''

Eonycteris spelaea The cave nectar bat, dawn bat, common dawn bat, common nectar bat or lesser dawn bat (''Eonycteris spelaea'') is a species of megabat within the genus ''Eonycteris''. The scientific name of the species was first published by Dobson in 1871. De ...

'', all of which remain extant species in Borneo and

Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia ( ms, Semenanjung Malaysia; Jawi: سمننجڠ مليسيا), or the States of Malaya ( ms, Negeri-negeri Tanah Melayu; Jawi: نڬري-نڬري تانه ملايو), also known as West Malaysia or the Malaysian Peninsula, ...

. The provisional list of mammals of Borneo (''sensu'' Lord Medway, Payne ''et al.'', Corbet and Hill, Koopman, and Wilson and Reeder) are listed below. There are various conflicts in the taxonomic lists by previous authors, which need further field research for validation.

Taxonomic list

The following list gives the scientific name followed by the common names, description, ecology, conservation and distribution information.

Order: Erinaceomorpha

* ''

Echinosorex gymnura The moonrat (''Echinosorex gymnura'') is a southeast Asian species of mammal in the family Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures). It is the only species in the genus ''Echinosorex''. The moonrat is a fairly small, primarily carnivorous animal ...

'', moonrat. Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. * ''

Hylomys suillus The short-tailed gymnure (''Hylomys suillus'') is a small mammal from the family of the Erinaceidae. The scientific name of the species is first published by Salomon Müller in 1840. Description The upperparts of the short-tailed gymnure are ...

'', short-tailed gymnure. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak.

Order: Soricomorpha

* '' Suncus murinus'', house shrew. Africa, Asia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. * ''

Suncus ater The black shrew (''Suncus ater'') is a white-toothed shrew only known from Mount Kinabalu in the Malaysian state of Sabah on the island of Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asi ...

'', black shrew. Endemic to Borneo; known only from Gunung Kinabalu * ''

Suncus etruscus The Etruscan shrew (''Suncus etruscus''), also known as the Etruscan pygmy shrew or the white-toothed pygmy shrew, is the smallest known extant mammal by mass, weighing only about on average. (The bumblebee bat is regarded as the smallest mamma ...

'', Savi's pigmy shrew. Europe, Africa, Asia; Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak. * ''

Crocidura monticola The Sunda shrew (''Crocidura monticola'') is a species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the l ...

'', Sunda shrew. Java, Lombok, Sumba and Flores; Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. * '' Crocidura fuliginosa'', south-east Asia white-toothed shrew. India, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan. * ''

Chimarrogale himalayica The Himalayan water shrew (''Chimarrogale himalayica'') is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in China, India, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Taiwan, and Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Soci ...

'', Himalayan water shrew. Himalaya, south China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Sumatra and Sabah.

Order: Scandentia

* ''

Ptilocercus lowii The pen-tailed treeshrew (''Ptilocercus lowii'') is a treeshrew of the family Ptilocercidae native to southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and some Indonesian islands. It is the only living species in the genus ''Ptilocercus''. A ...

'', pentail treeshrew. * '' Tupaia glis'', common treeshrew. * '' Tupaia splendidula'', ruddy treeshrew. * ''

Tupaia montana The mountain treeshrew (''Tupaia montana'') is a treeshrew species within the Tupaiidae. It is endemic to Borneo and inhabits montane forests in Sarawak and Sabah. The first specimen was described by Oldfield Thomas and was part of a zoolog ...

'', mountain tree shrew. * '' Tupaia minor'', lesser treeshrew. * '' Tupaia gracilis'', slender treeshrew. * '' Tupaia picta'', painted treeshrew. * '' Tupaia dorsalis'', striped treeshrew. * '' Tupaia tana'', large treeshrew. * '' Dendrogale melanura'', smooth-tailed treeshrew.

Order: Dermoptera

* '' Galeopterus variegatus'', Sunda flying lemur

Order: Chiroptera

* ''

'', Geoffroy's rousette * '' Rousettus spinalatus'', bare-backed rousette * ''

'', large flying fox * ''

Pteropus hypomelanus The small flying fox, island flying fox or variable flying fox (''Pteropus hypomelanus'') is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Australia, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Maldives, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, t ...

'', island flying fox

* '' Cynopterus brachyotis'', lesser short-nosed fruit bat * ''

Cynopterus sphinx The greater short-nosed fruit bat (''Cynopterus sphinx''), or short-nosed Indian fruit bat, is a species of megabat in the family Pteropodidae found in South and Southeast Asia. Description These bats have a relatively long snout. Their upper p ...

'', greater short-nosed fruit bat * '' Cynopterus horsfieldi'', Horsfield's fruit bat * '' Penthetor lucasi'', dusky fruit bat * '' Megaerops ecaudatus'', tailless fruit bat * '' Megaerops wetmorei'', white-collared fruit bat * ''

Dyacopterus spadiceus The dayak fruit bat or dyak fruit bat (''Dyacopterus spadiceus'') is a relatively rare frugivorous megabat species found only on the Sunda Shelf of southeast Asia, specifically the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra, and the islands of ...

'', Dayak fruit bat * ''

Chironax melanocephalus The black-capped fruit bat (''Chironax melanocephalus'') is a species of megabat in the monotypic genus ''Chironax''. Distribution Seven specimens of ''C. melanocephalus'' were collected from the lowland forest at Kubah and Lambir, and beach fo ...

'', black-capped fruit bat * ''

Balionycteris maculata The spotted-winged fruit bat, (''Balionycteris maculata'') is the smallest megabat in the world, and the only species in the genus ''Balionycteris''. It inhabits forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. Description Spotted-winged fruit bats are unusu ...

'', spotted-winged fruit bat * '' Aethalops aequalis'', grey fruit bat * ''

'', cave nectar bat * ''

Eonycteris major The greater nectar bat or greater dawn bat (''Eonycteris major'') is a species of megabat within the genus '' Eonycteris''. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Its range is limited and includes Luzon to Maripipi in t ...

'', greater nectar bat * ''

Macroglossus minimus The long-tongued nectar bat (''Macroglossus minimus''), also known as the northern blossom bat, honey nectar bat, least blossom-bat, dagger-toothed long-nosed fruit bat, and lesser long-tongued fruit bat, is a species of megabat. ''M. minimus'' is ...

'', long-tongued nectar bat * '' Emballonura alecto'', greater sheath-tailed bat * ''

Emballonura monticola The lesser sheath-tailed bat (''Emballonura monticola'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in the Malay Peninsula (including Myanmar and Thailand), Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-l ...

'', lesser sheath-tailed bat * '' Saccolaimus saccolaimus'', pouched tomb bat * '' Taphozous melanopogon'', black-bearded tomb bat * ''

Taphozous longimanus The long-winged tomb bat (''Taphozous longimanus'') is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdo ...

'', long-winged tomb bat * ''

Megaderma spasma The lesser false vampire bat (''Megaderma spasma'') is a bat found in South Asia and Southeast Asia from Sri Lanka and India in the west to Indonesia and the Philippines in the east. They live in caves and tree hollows. They are insectivorous. T ...

'', lesser false vampire * '' Nycteris tragata'', hollow-faced bat * '' Rhinolophus borneensis'', Bornean horseshoe bat * '' Rhinolophus pusillus'', least horseshoe * '' Rhinolophus arcuatus'', arcuatus horseshoe bat Kelawar ladam2

* '' Rhinolophus acuminatus'', acuminate horseshoe bat * '' Rhinolophus affinis'', intermediate horseshoe bat * '' Rhinolophus creaghi'', Creagh's horseshoe bat * '' Rhinolophus philippinensis'', Philippine horseshoe bat * ''

Rhinolophus trifoliatus The trefoil horseshoe bat (''Rhinolophus trifoliatus'') is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Brunei, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, and Thailand. In Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is t ...

'', trefoil horseshoe bat * '' Rhinolophus sedulus'', lesser woolly horseshoe bat * '' Hipposideros ater'', dusky roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros bicolor'', bicolor roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros cineraceus'', ashy roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros dyacorum'', Dayak roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros doriae'', least roundleaf Hipposideros ridleyi Chong Yee Ling

* ''

Hipposideros ridleyi Ridley's leaf-nosed bat, Ridley's roundleaf bat, or Singapore roundleaf horseshoe bat (''Hipposideros ridleyi'') is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae. It is found in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore. Its natural habitat is subtropic ...

'', Ridley's roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros cervinus'', fawn roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros galeritus'', Cantor's roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros coxi'', Cox's roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros larvatus'', intermediate roundleaf bat * '' Hipposideros diadema'', diadem roundleaf bat * '' Coelops robinsoni'', lesser tailless roundleaf bat * ''

Myotis muricola The wall-roosting mouse-eared bat, or Nepalese whiskered myotis (''Myotis muricola'') is a species of vesper bat whose type locality is Nepal. Taxonomic notes ''Myotis muricola'' was previously classified as a subspecies of ''Myotis mystacinus ...

'', whiskered myotis * ''

Myotis ater Peters's myotis or the small black myotis (''Myotis ater'') is a species of insectivorous vesper bat. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines; its exact distribution is uncertain as it is difficult to dist ...

'', black myotis * '' Myotis montivagus'', large brown myotis * '' Myotis siligorensis'', small-toothed myotis * ''

Myotis ridleyi Ridley's bat (''Myotis ridleyi'') is a species of vesper bat. It is found in Indonesia and Malaysia. References Mouse-eared bats Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Mammals described in 1898 Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas Bats of Sou ...

'', Ridley's myotis * ''

Myotis horsfieldii Horsfield's bat (''Myotis horsfieldii'') is a species of vesper bat. It is found in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. References

Mouse-eared bats Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa ...

'', Horsfield's myotis * '' Myotis hasseltii'', Hasselt's large-footed myotis * ''

Myotis adversus The large-footed bat, large-footed mouse-eared bat, or large-footed myotis (''Myotis adversus'') is a species of vesper bat (family Vespertilionidae). It can be found in the following countries: Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, ...

'', grey large-footed myotis * '' Myotis macrotarsus'', pallid large-footed myotis * '' Pipistrellus javanicus'', Javan pistrelle * '' Pipistrellus tenuis'', least pipistrelle * '' Pipistrellus ceylonicus'', dark brown pipistrelle * '' Hypsugo kitcheneri'', red-brown pipistrelle * '' Falsistrellus petersi'', wooly pipistrelle * '' Arielulus cuprosus'', coppery pipistrelle * '' Hypsugo imbricatus'', brown pipistrelle * '' Hypsugo macrotis'', big-eared pipistrelle * '' Pipistrellus vordermanni'', white-winged pipistrelle * '' Glischropus tylopus'', thick-thumb pipistrelle * ''

Philetor brachypterus Rohu's bat (''Philetor brachypterus'') is a species of vesper bat. It is the only species in the genus ''Philetor''. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilip ...

'', narrow-winged brown bat * '' Hesperoptenus doriae'', false serotine * '' Hesperoptenus blanfordi'', least false serotine * '' Hesperoptenus tomesi'', Tomes' false serotine * '' Tylonycteris robustula'', greater bamboo bat * '' Tylonycteris pachypus'', lesser bamboo bat * '' Scotophilus kuhlii'', yellow house bat * '' Murina cyclotis'', orange tube-nosed bat * '' Murina aenea'', bronzed tube-nosed bat * '' Murina rozendaali'', gilded tube-nosed bat * ''

Murina suilla The brown tube-nosed bat (''Murina suilla'') is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It can be found in the following countries: Brunei Darussalam Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussal ...

'', lesser tube-nosed bat * '' Harpiocephalus harpia'', hairy-winged bat * '' Kerivoula papillosa'', papillose woolly bat * '' Kerivoula hardwickii'', Hardwicke's woolly bat * '' Kerivoula pellucida'', clear-winged woolly bat * '' Kerivoula intermedia'', small woolly bat * '' Kerivoula minuta'', least woolly bat * '' Kerivoula whiteheadi'', Whitehead's woolly bat * '' Kerivoula lenis'', lenis woolly bat * ''

Phoniscus jagorii Peters' trumpet-eared bat (''Phoniscus jagorii'') is a species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae, the vesper bats. It is native to Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. It was named by Peters for Fedor Jagor.Beolens, Watkin ...

'', frosted groove-toothed bat * '' Phoniscus atrox'', gilded groove-thoothed bat * '' Miniopterus magnater'', large bent-winged bat * ''

Miniopterus schreibersi The common bent-wing bat (''Miniopterus schreibersii''), also known as the Schreibers's long-fingered bat or Schreibers's bat, is a species of insectivorous bat. They appear to have dispersed from a subtropical origin and distributed throughout ...

'', common bent-winged bat * '' Miniopterus pusillus'', small bent-winged bat * '' Miniopterus medius'', medium bent-winged bat * '' Miniopterus australis'', lesser bent-winged bat * ''

Cheiromeles torquatus The hairless bat (''Cheiromeles torquatus''), also called the naked bulldog batLeong, T. M., et al. (2009)The naked bulldog bat, ''Cheiromeles torquatus'' in Singapore—past and present records, with highlights on its unique morphology (Microchi ...

'', naked bat * '' Mops mops'', free-tailed bat * '' Chaerephon plicata'', wrinkle-lipped bat

Order: Primates

* ''

Nycticebus coucang The Sunda slow loris (''Nycticebus coucang'') or greater slow loris is a strepsirrhine primate and a species of slow loris native to Indonesia, West Malaysia, southern Thailand and Singapore. It measures from head to tail and weighs between . ...

'', Sunda slow loris * '' Tarsius bancanus'', western tarsier * '' Presbytis melalophos'', banded langur * '' Presbytis hosei'', Hose's langur * '' Presbytis rubicunda'', maroon langur * '' Presbytis chrysomelas'', Sarawak surili * '' Presbytis frontata'', white-fronted langur * '' Trachypithecus cristatus'', silvered langur * ''

Nasalis larvatus The proboscis monkey (''Nasalis larvatus'') or long-nosed monkey is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose, a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found most ...

'', proboscis monkey * ''

Macaca fascicularis The crab-eating macaque (''Macaca fascicularis''), also known as the long-tailed macaque and referred to as the cynomolgus monkey in laboratories, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia. A species of macaque, the crab-eating macaque ...

'', long-tailed macaque * '' Macaca nemestrina'', pig-tailed macaque * '' Hylobates muelleri'', Müller's Bornean gibbon * '' Hylobates albibarbis'', Bornean white-bearded gibbon * '' Pongo pygmaeus'', Bornean orangutan

Order: Pholidota

* ''

Manis javanica The Sunda pangolin (''Manis javanica''), also known as the Malayan or Javan pangolin, is a species of pangolin. It is found throughout Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, and the islands of ...

'', pangolin

Order: Rodentia

* '' Ratufa affinis'', giant squirrel * ''

Callosciurus prevostii Prevost's squirrel or Asian tri-colored squirrel (''Callosciurus prevostii'') is a colourful species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in forests in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and nearby smaller islands, with an in ...

'', Prevost's squirrel * '' Callosciurus baluensis'', Kinabalu squirrel * '' Callosciurus notatus'', plantain squirrel * '' Callosciurus adamsi'', ear-spot squirrel * ''

Callosciurus orestes The Borneo black-banded squirrel (''Callosciurus orestes'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to northern Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. A ...

'', Bornean black-banded squirrel * ''

Sundasciurus hippurus The horse-tailed squirrel (''Sundasciurus hippurus'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found throughout the islands of Borneo and Sumatra, as well as the southern half of the Malay Peninsula, which includes the entire nations ...

'', horse-tailed squirrel * '' Sundasciurus lowii'', Low's squirrel * '' Sundasciurus tenuis'', slender squirrel * '' Sundasciurus jentinki'', Jentink's squirrel * '' Sundasciurus brookei'', Brooke's squirrel * '' Glyphotes simus'', red-bellied sculptor squirrel * '' Lariscus insignis'', three-striped ground squirrel * '' Lariscus hosei'', four-striped ground squirrel * '' Dremomys everetti'', Bornean mountain ground squirrel * '' Rhinosciurus laticaudatus'', shrew-faced ground squirrel * '' Nannosciurus melanotis'', black-eared pigmy squirrel * ''

Exilisciurus exilis The least pygmy squirrel (''Exilisciurus exilis''), also known as the plain pygmy squirrel, is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae.Thorington, R. W. Jr. and R. S. Hoffman. 2005. Family Sciuridae. pp. 754–818 ''in'' Mammal Species ...

'', plain pigmy squirrel * '' Exilisciurus whiteheadi'', Whitehead's pigmy squirrel * '' Rheithrosciurus macrotis'', tufted ground squirrel * '' Petaurillus hosei'', Hose's pigmy flying squirrel * '' Petaurillus emiliae'', lesser pigmy flying squirrel * ''

Iomys horsfieldii The Javanese flying squirrel (''Iomys horsfieldii'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and ...

'', Horsfield's flying squirrel * '' Aeromys tephromelas'', black flying squirrel * '' Aeromys thomasi'', Thomas's flying squirrel * '' Petinomys hageni'', Hagen's flying squirrel * '' Petinomys genibarbis'', whiskered flying squirrel * '' Petinomys setosus'', Temminck's flying squirrel * '' Petinomys vordermanni'', Vordermann's flying squirrel * '' Hylopetes lepidus'', grey-cheeked flying squirrel * '' Hylopetes spadiceus'', red-cheeked flying squirrel * '' Pteromyscus pulverulentus'', smoky flying squirrel * ''

Petaurista petaurista The red giant flying squirrel or common giant flying squirrel (''Petaurista petaurista'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae (squirrels). It is found in a wide variety of forest–types, plantations and more open habitats with scatter ...

'', red giant flying squirrel * '' Petaurista elegans'', spotted giant flying squirrel * ''

Rattus rattus The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is ...

'', house rat * ''

Rattus tiomanicus The Malayan field rat, Malaysian field rat or Malaysian wood rat, (''Rattus tiomanicus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is nocturnal and mainly arboreal and is found in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. It ...

'', Malaysian field rat * ''

Rattus argentiventer The ricefield rat (''Rattus argentiventer'') is a species of rat found throughout Southeast Asia. Description The ricefield rat is a medium-sized rat with a grizzled yellow-brown and black pelage. Its belly is gray in the midline with whiter ...

'', ricefield rat * ''

Rattus baluensis The summit rat (''Rattus baluensis'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only on Mount Kinabalu and Mount Tambuyukon, Malaysia, and has been recorded at altitudes of 2,040 to 2,477 m on Mt. Tambuyukon and 2,670 to 3,426 ...

'', summit rat * '' Rattus exulans'', Polynesia rat * ''

Rattus norvegicus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus'') ...

'', Norway rat * ''

Sundamys muelleri ''Sundamys'' is a genus of rodent in the family Muridae, found mostly in Indonesia and Malaysia.Camacho-Sanchez, M., Jennifer A. Leonard, Yuli Fitriana, Marie-Ka Tilak, and Pierre-Henri Fabre. 2017. "The generic status of Rattus annandalei (Bonho ...

'', Muller's rat * ''

Sundamys infraluteus The mountain giant Sunda rat, ''Sundamys infraluteus'' (also known as the giant mountain rat or giant rat of Sumatra) is a large rat, around 480 to 640 millimeters (19 to 25 inches) in total length (230 to 290 millimeters -11.5 inchesexcluding th ...

'', mountain giant rat Tikus

* '' Niviventer cremoriventer'', dark-tailed rat * '' Niviventer rapit'', long-tailed mountain rat * '' Maxomys rajah'', brown spiny rat Tikus merah

* '' Maxomys surifer'', red spiny rat * '' Maxomys alticola'', mountain spiny rat * '' Maxomys ochraceiventer'', chestnut-bellied spiny rat * '' Maxomys baeodon'', small spiny rat * '' Maxomys whiteheadi'', Whitehead's rat * ''

Leopoldamys sabanus The long-tailed giant rat (''Leopoldamys sabanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, ...

'', long-tailed giant rat * '' Lenothrix canus'', grey tree rat * '' Mus musculus castaneus'', Asian house rat * '' Mus caroli'', ricefield mouse * '' Chiropodomys gliroides'', common pencil-tailed tree-mouse * '' Chiropodomys major'', large pencil-tailed tree-mouse * '' Chiropodomys muroides'', grey-bellied pencil-tailed tree-mouse * '' Haeromys margarettae'', ranee mouse * '' Trichys fasciculata'', long-tailed porcupine * '' Hystrix brachyura'', common porcupine * '' Hystrix crassispinis'', thick-spined porcupine

Order: Cetacea

* '' Balaenoptera musculus'', blue whale * '' Balaenoptera physalus'', fin whale * '' Balaenoptera borealis'', sei whale * '' Balaenoptera edeni'', Bryde's whale * ''

Balaenoptera acutorostrata ''Balaenoptera'' () is a genus of rorquals containing eight extant species. ''Balaenoptera'' comprises all but two of the extant species in its family (the humpback whale and gray whale); the genus is currently polyphyletic, with the two afore ...

'', minke whale * ''

Megaptera novaeangliae The humpback whale (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') is a species of baleen whale. It is a rorqual (a member of the family Balaenopteridae) and is the only species in the genus ''Megaptera''. Adults range in length from and weigh up to . The humpb ...

'', humpback whale * ''

Physeter macrocephalus ''Physeter'' is a genus of toothed whales. There is only one living species in this genus: the sperm whale (''Physeter macrocephalus''). Some extremely poorly known fossil species have also been assigned to the same genus including ''Physeter ant ...

'', sperm whale * '' Kogia breviceps'', pigmy sperm whale * '' Kogia simus'', dwarf sperm whale * '' Ziphius cavirostris'', Cuvier's beak whale * ''

Mesoplodon Mesoplodont whales are 16 species of toothed whale in the genus ''Mesoplodon'', making it the largest genus in the cetacean order. Two species were described as recently as 1991 (pygmy beaked whale) and 2002 (Perrin's beaked whale), and marine ...

'' sp., beaked whale * ''

Orcaella brevirostris The Irrawaddy dolphin (''Orcaella brevirostris'') is a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin found in scattered subpopulations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia. It closely resembles the ...

'', Irrawaddy dolphin * '' Peponocephala electra'', melon-headed whale * '' Feresa attenuata'', pigmy killer whale * ''

Pseudorca crassidens ''Pseudorca'' is a genus of cetacea Cetacea (; , ) is an infraorder of aquatic mammals that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Key characteristics are their fully aquatic lifestyle, streamlined body shape, often large size and exclus ...

'', false killer whale * ''

Orcinus orca The orca or killer whale (''Orcinus orca'') is a toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Orcinus'' and is recognizable by its black-and-white pat ...

'', killer whale * ''

Globicephala macrorhynchus The short-finned pilot whale (''Globicephala macrorhynchus'') is one of the two species of cetaceans in the genus '' Globicephala'', which it shares with the long-finned pilot whale (''G. melas''). It is part of the oceanic dolphin family (De ...

'', short-finned pilot whale * ''

Steno bredanensis The rough-toothed dolphin (''Steno bredanensis'') is a species of dolphin that can be found in deep warm and tropical waters around the world. The species was first described by Georges Cuvier in 1823. The genus name ''Steno'', of which this spe ...

'', rough-toothed dolphin * ''

Sousa chinensis Sousa refers to * John Philip Sousa (1854–1932), American composer of marches Sousa also may refer to: People * Sousa (surname), including other Portuguese variants such as Souza, de Sousa, D'Souza, etc. * João Sousa, Portuguese tennis player ...

'', Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin * ''

Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser's dolphin or the Sarawak dolphin (''Lagenodelphis hosei'') is a cetacean in the family Delphinidae found in deep waters in the Pacific Ocean and to a lesser extent in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Taxonomy ''Lagenodelphis hosei'' is spe ...

'', Fraser's dolphin * ''

Delphinus delphis The common dolphin (''Delphinus delphis'') is the most abundant cetacean in the world, with a global population of about six million. Despite this fact and its vernacular name, the common dolphin is not thought of as the archetypal dolphin, with ...

'', common dolphin * ''

Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose dolphins are aquatic mammals in the genus ''Tursiops.'' They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins. Molecular studies show the genus definitively contains two species: the common ...

'', bottlenose dolphin * '' Grampus griseus'', Risso's dolphin * ''

Stenella attenuata The pantropical spotted dolphin (''Stenella attenuata'') is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse s ...

'', spotted dolphin * ''

Stenella coeruleoalba The striped dolphin (''Stenella coeruleoalba'') is an extensively studied dolphin found in temperate and tropical waters of all the world's oceans. It is a member of the oceanic dolphin family, Delphinidae. Taxonomy The striped dolphin is on ...

'', striped dolphin * '' Stenella longirostris'', long-snouted spinner dolphin * ''

Neophocaena phocaenoides The Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (''Neophocaena phocaenoides'') is one of eight porpoise species. The species ranges throughout most of the Indian Ocean, as well as the tropical and subtropical Pacific from Indonesia north to the Taiwan Strait. ...

'', finless porpoise

Order: Carnivora

* Bay cat, ''Catopuma badia'' *

Sunda clouded leopard The Sunda clouded leopard (''Neofelis diardi'') is a medium-sized wild cat native to Borneo and Sumatra. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 2015, as the total effective population probably consists of fewer than 10,000 mature ...

, ''Neofelis diardi'' *

Marbled cat The marbled cat (''Pardofelis marmorata'') is a small wild cat native from the eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to an elevation of . As it is present in a large range, it has been listed as Near Threatened on the ...

, ''Pardofelis marmorata'' * Flat-headed cat, ''Prionailurus planiceps'' * Sunda leopard cat, ''Prionailurus javanensis'' * '' Helarctos malayanus'', sun bear * ''

Martes flavigula The yellow-throated marten (''Martes flavigula'') is a marten species native to Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List due to its wide distribution, evidently relatively stable population, occurrence in a number of protected are ...

'', yellow-throated marten * '' Mustela nudipes'', Malay weasel * ''

Melogale everetti The Bornean ferret badger (''Melogale everetti''), also known as Everett's ferret badger or the Kinabalu ferret badger, is a small, nocturnal and omnivorous mammal that is endemic to the island of Borneo. It is a member of the family Mustelidae a ...

'', Bornean ferret-badger * '' Mydaus javanensis'', Malay badger * ''

Lutra sumatrana The hairy-nosed otter (''Lutra sumatrana'') is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to Southeast Asia and one of the rarest and least known otter species. It is threatened by loss of natural resources and poaching. Description The hairy-nosed otter ...

'', hairy-nosed otter * '' Lutra lutra'', Eurasian otter * '' Lutrogale perspicillata'', smooth-coated otter * ''

Aonyx cinereus The Asian small-clawed otter (''Aonyx cinereus''), also known as the oriental small-clawed otter and the small-clawed otter, is an otter species native to South and Southeast Asia. It has short claws that do not extend beyond the pads of its web ...

'', oriental small-clawed otter * '' Viverra tangalunga'', Malay civet * ''

Prionodon linsang The banded linsang (''Prionodon linsang'') is a linsang, a tree-dwelling carnivorous mammal native to the Sundaic region of Southeast Asia. Description The banded linsang grows to , with a long tail that can reach . It is a pale yellow with fiv ...

'', banded linsang * ''

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus The Asian palm civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus''), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad rang ...

'', common palm civet * ''

Paguma larvata The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet, is a palm civet species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 as it occurs in many p ...

'', masked palm civet * '' Arctictis binturong'', bearcat * '' Arctogalidia trivirgata'', small-toothed palm civet * '' Hemigalus derbyanus'', banded palm civet * '' Diplogale hosei'', Hose's civet * ''

Cynogale bennettii The otter civet (''Cynogale bennettii'') is a semiaquatic viverrid native to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. It is listed as Endangered because of a serious ongoing population decline, estimated to be more than 50% over the past t ...

'', otter-civet * '' Herpestes brachyurus'', short-tailed mongoose * '' Herpestes semitorquatus'', collared mongoose

Order: Sirenia

* '' Dugong dugon'', dugong

Order: Proboscidea

* '' Elephas maximus borneensis'', Borneo elephant

Order: Perissodactyla

* Bornean rhinoceros, ''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni''. One individual found in eastern Kalimantan in 2016.

Order: Artiodactyla

* ''

Sus barbatus The Bornean bearded pig (''Sus barbatus''), also known as the Sunda bearded pig or simply bearded pig, is a species in the pig genus, '' Sus''. It can be recognized by its prominent beard. It also sometimes has tassels on its tail. It is found ...

'', bearded pig * '' Tragulus javanicus'', lesser mouse-deer * '' Tragulus napu'', greater mouse-deer * '' Muntiacus atherodes'', Bornean yellow muntjac * '' Muntiacus muntjak'', red muntjac * '' Rusa timorensis'', Javan rusa * '' Rusa unicolor'', Sambar deer *''

Bos javanicus The banteng (''Bos javanicus''; ), also known as tembadau, is a species of cattle found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between . Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their domesticated counterparts, but are otherw ...

'', banteng or tembadau. Present in Kalimantan, Sabah, and possibly Sarawak; believed extinct in Brunei. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered.

Extinct

Bornean tiger The Bornean tiger or Borneo tiger is possibly an extinct tiger population that lived on the island of Borneo in prehistoric times. A live Bornean tiger has not been conclusively recorded, but the indigenous Dayak people believe in its existence, ...

, possibly

References

External links

Biogeography of Myotis & Wallace Lines

Mammal Species of the World

A Brief Survey of Mammals in Imbak Canyon

Morphology of Hipposideros

Climate Change and Biodiversity

Tree of Life

Chiroptera

Plate Tectonics Meets Genomics

Small mammals of Kelabit

Mammals of Lambir National Park

Bats of Kelabit Highlands

Fruit Bats in Borneo - Size Matters

H D Rijksen, E Meijaard. Our Vanishing Relative: The Status of Wild Orang-Utans at the Close of the Twentieth Century

Rediscovery of Bay Cat by Mohd Azlan

Biogeography and Palaeoecology

Two new species of tree frogs found in Borneo
article is not relevant to mammals {{DEFAULTSORT:Mammals Of Borneo

* * * Borneo

Introduction

Taxonomic list

Order: Erinaceomorpha

Order: Soricomorpha

Order: Scandentia

Order: Dermoptera

Order: Chiroptera

Order: Primates

Order: Pholidota

Order: Rodentia

Order: Cetacea

Order: Carnivora

Order: Sirenia

Order: Proboscidea

Order: Perissodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Extinct

See also

References

External links