The Mae Klong (, , ), sometimes spelled Mae Khlong or Meklong, is a river in western
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
. The river begins at the confluence of the
Khwae Noi (Khwae Sai Yok) and the
Khwae Yai River
The Khwae Yai River ( th, แม่น้ำแควใหญ่, , ), also known as the Si Sawat ( ), is a river in western Thailand. It has its source in the Tenasserim Hills and flows for about through Sangkhla Buri, Si Sawat, and Mueang ...
(Khwae Si Sawat) in
Kanchanaburi, it passes
Ratchaburi Province and empties into the
Gulf of Thailand
The Gulf of Thailand, also known as the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet in the southwestern South China Sea, bounded between the southwestern shores of the Indochinese Peninsula and the northern half of the Malay Peninsula. It is around in le ...
in
Samut Songkhram Province.
The actual origin of the river is in the
Tenasserim Hills, around the
Khuean Srinagarindra National Park area in the north of
Kanchanaburi Province. In its upper reaches, it feeds the giant Umphang
Thee Lor Sue Waterfall.
Environment
The Mae Klong river basin has a tropical savanna climate, and is subject to two major thermal systems, the
southwest and the northeast monsoons. The southwest monsoon brings moisture up from the Indian Ocean beginning in May and climaxing with heavy rains in September and October. These heavy rains are supplemented by
cyclone
In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an an ...
s out of the South China Sea during the same two months. The rising of the winds of the northeast monsoon bring an end to this rainfall. Almost 80% of the annual rainfall in the basin occurs in the half-year from May to October. Total annual rainfall ranges from on the coast to at the higher elevations.
Temperatures in the basin range from lows of 18 °C to highs of 38 °C.
s inhabit the river. A sudden die-off of forty-five of these rays in September 2016 threaten them with
local extinction
Local extinction, also known as extirpation, refers to a species (or other taxon) of plant or animal that ceases to exist in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinct ...
. Authorities have suspected that pollution was the cause of the die-off. It was later attributed to
molasses
Molasses () is a viscous substance resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, method of extraction and age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is primarily used to sweeten and flavour foods ...
waste water which leaked from a sugar/ethanol factory in
Ban Pong District of Ratchaburi Province on 30 September that continued until 7 October. High levels of free
ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous ...
killed the animals.
The waste water has been reused by farms and not discharged into the environment. The Pollution Control Department will sue Rajburi Ethanol Co for allowing molasses wastewater to leak.
References
External links
Maeklong River - FishSiam.comThe Life at Mae Klong River ThailandTime-travelling along the Mae Klong...
Rivers of Thailand
Geography of Kanchanaburi province
Geography of Ratchaburi province
Geography of Samut Songkhram province
Gulf of Thailand
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