The right of coinage in the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. From the accession of Otto I in 962 unt ...

(in German ''Münzregal'')Postan, Michael Moïssey and Miller, Edward (1987). ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, p. 707.
/ref> was one of the so-called

regalia Regalia is a Latin plurale tantum word that has different definitions. In one rare definition, it refers to the exclusive privileges of a sovereign. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and dress accessories of a sovereig ...

(also called ''royal privileges'' or ''sovereign rights''). It consisted of the right to issue regulations governing the production and use of coins. It covered the specification of

currency A currency, "in circulation", from la, currens, -entis, literally meaning "running" or "traversing" is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general ...

, the right to mint and the right to use coins and the profit from minting. It is variously referred to in English sources as the "right of coinage", "coinage regality",Hübner, Rudolf (2000). ''A History of Germanic Private Law'', New Jersey.
. "regality of coinage", "minting privileges" and "coinage prerogative".''Business and Finance Multilingual Dictionary'' by Igor Sharshakov
/ref>

History

In imitation of Ancient Rome, the Frankish crown was since Charlemagne a strongly centralized government and this included the right of coinage. The royal administration was also responsible for the construction and operation of the mints, the standard of coinage, and the coinage. With the sharp upturn in the economy from the 9th century, the right of coinage, often connected with customs and market rights, was delegated to ecclesiastical rulers, mainly bishops. From the 11th century, it was also granted to secular princes, and later to towns and cities. With the Golden Bull of 1356 the right of coinage and the often closely associated mining rights or ''Bergregal'' were transferred to the prince electors. In 1648, other imperial estates (''Reichsstände'') were granted the right of coinage. Nevertheless, the sovereignty over coinage officially remained with the Holy Roman Emperor.

References

Literature

* Arnold Luschin von Ebengreuth: ''Allgemeine Münzkunde und Geldgeschichte des Mittelalters und der neueren Zeit.'' 2nd widely printed edition. Oldenbourg, Munich, ''inter alia'', 1926 (''Handbuch der mittelalterlichen und neueren Geschichte.'' Abt. 4: ''Hilfswissenschaften und Altertümer'' 5), (Unaltered reprographic copy: ib. 1969). * Friedrich von Schrötter: ''Wörterbuch der Münzkunde.'' 2nd unaltered edition. de Gruyter, Berlin, 1970. * Peter Volz: ''Königliche Münzhoheit und Münzprivilegium im Karolingischen Reich und die Entwicklung in der sächsischen und fränkischen Zeit.'' Teil I: ''Die karolingische Zeit.'' In: ''Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte.'' 21, , pp. 157–186. {{Authority control Production of coins Monetary policy Coins of the Holy Roman Empire Regalia

History

See also

References

Literature