The Lower Ramu or Ottilien–Misegian languages consist of two branches in the
Ramu
The Ramu River is a major river in northern Papua New Guinea. The headwaters of the river are formed in the Kratke Range from where it then travels about northwest to the Bismarck Sea.
Along the Ramu's course, it receives numerous tributaries ...
language family. They are all spoken in
Yawar Rural LLG
Yawar Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
The Lower Ramu languages (Ottilien–Misegian) are all spoken in this LLG.
Wards
*01. Marangis ( Marangis language speakers)
*02. Kaiyan (Kaian language spe ...
,
Madang Province
Madang is a province of Papua New Guinea. The province is on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea and has many of the country's highest peaks, active volcanoes and its biggest mix of languages. The capital is the town of Madang.
...
,
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
.
Classification
The Lower Ramu languages as classified by Usher and by Foley (2018) are:
[Timothy Usher, New Guinea World]
Lower Ramu River
/ref>Gamay
Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours. Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old cultivar, mentioned as long ago as the 15th centu ...
( Borei)
** Bosmun, Awar Awar ( ar-at, اعور) is one of the five sons of Iblis, mentioned by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. He is a devil who encourages debauchery. His four brothers are named: Dasim (داسم), Zalambur (زلنبور), Sut
In Islamic demonology, Sut (مس٠...
*Misegian languages
The Misegian, also known as Mikarew or Ruboni Range languages, are a small family of clearly related languages,
: Giri, Sepen, and Mikarew (Aruamu).
They are generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea. The Mis ...
(Ruboni languages)
** Mikarew ( Aruamu)
** Sepen, Kirei
Lower Ramu as presented in Foley (2018) has been reduced in scope from the classification given in Foley (2005), which is as follows.Gamay
Gamay is a purple-colored grape variety used to make red wines, most notably grown in Beaujolais and in the Loire Valley around Tours. Its full name is Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc. It is a very old cultivar, mentioned as long ago as the 15th centu ...
** Bosmun, Awar Awar ( ar-at, اعور) is one of the five sons of Iblis, mentioned by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj. He is a devil who encourages debauchery. His four brothers are named: Dasim (داسم), Zalambur (زلنبور), Sut
In Islamic demonology, Sut (مس٠...
* Mikarew- Kire (MK) = Misegian (Ruboni)
* Tangu, Igom
The Ataitan languages, including Tangu and Igom, are not included in Foley (2018).
Pronouns
Tentative proto-Lower Ramu pronoun reconstructions by Foley (2005) are:
Cognates
Like cognates between proto- Lower Sepik and proto-Lower Ramu listed by Foley (2005) are:
References
*
Further reading
*Paris, Brian. 2015.
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea
'. SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2015-009.
{{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages
Ramu languages