Geography and climate
Longnan is in southern Gansu province bordering Shaanxi in the east and Sichuan in the south. It is called Gansu's southern gateway and gateway to Northwest China, the northwest. The major geographic features in Longnan are the Qinba Mountains in the east, the Loess Plateau in the north, and the Tibetan Plateau in the west. It is part of the Central Han basin in the east and the Sichuan Basin, Sichuan basin in the south. Elevations range from above sea level. The three major rivers in Longnan are the Bailong River, Bailong, the Baishui River, Longnan, Baishui, and the Jialing River, Jialing. Besides these major rivers there are more than 3800 streams and creeks. The annual flow from all of these rivers and streams is more than 28 billion m3. The area of the prefecture is . Longnan has a temperate, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification, Köppen ''BSk/BSh'', depending on the source definition), with cool and very dry winters and hot, moderately humid summers. Due to the protected valley location and the southerly location in the province, the area is one of the warmest in Gansu, with annual temperatures ranging from . The annual precipitation is , while there are between 160 to 280 frost free days. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 34% in September and October to 53% in December, the city receives 1,850 sunlight hours annually. Two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September. At Wudu, the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, the annual mean is , and the annual precipitation is .History
Longnan was settled by humans at least 7000 years ago. Between 5000 and 6000 years ago, civilizations developed along the Xihan River, Xihan ("Western Han") and Bailong River, Bailong ("White Dragon") rivers. Anping in Wudu as well as Li County, Gansu, Lixian both have ancient ruins. Longnan is very important in Chinese history: it was the home of Xirong, Rong tribes that troubled the Shang dynasty, Shang and Zhou dynasty, Zhou list of Chinese dynasties, dynasties and is considered the homeland of the House of Ying, the family of the Qin dynasty that united China at the end of the Warring States period. Wudu County was even founded as part of the Qin Empire. It is still common to find state of Qin, Qin artifactsincluding pottery, bronzes, and coinsin the area. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the region was ruled by the Qiang people, Qiang kingdoms of Later Qin and Tanchang, the latter has its capital in present-day Tanchang. Tanchang is conquered by Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou in 564. The region then went under control of Sui dynasty, Sui, Tang dynasty, Tang and Song dynasty, Song dynasties, then subsequently conquered by the Tibetan people, Tibetans, Tangut people, Tanguts, Jurchen people, Jurchens and Mongols before finally administered by Ming dynasty court.Administration
Longnan has 1 urban districts, 8 counties, 242 towns, and 3243 villages with a total population of 2567718.Economy
In 2004, Longnan's GDP was 6,338,000,000 RMB, a 12% growth over the previous year. Important agricultural products include cereals and grains, Chinese medicinal herbs, vegetable oil, fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables. coal mining in China, Coal, copper, lead, zinc, petroleum industry in China, petroleum, and gold mining in China, gold are all major mineral resources for Longnan. Cement and other building materials are also produced here.Transportation
* Longnan Chengxian Airport * China National Highway 212 * G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway * Chongqing–Lanzhou railway *Baoji–Chengdu railway (stations only available in Hui County and Liangdang County) *Tianshui–Longnan railway (under construction)Notable people
* Cai Wu, Politics of China, Chinese politician and former Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China, Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China. * Cao Dong, Soccer in China, Chinese footballer (Chongqing Dangdai Lifan, Chinese Super League) * Chen Hongjun, Major (military), Major of People's Liberation Army who was killed in combat during the 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes in the Sino-Indian border * Li Xi (politician, born 1956), Li Xi, Politics of China, Chinese politician * Yang Fulin, People's Liberation Army, Chinese military officer and Politics of China, politician * Zhang Zhixi, Chinese actress (Lady Zhen in ''The Advisor's Alliance'')Flora and fauna
Longnan has more than 1300 species of trees and shrubs, 1300 plants and herbs used for Chinese medicine, 100 wild fruits and berries, and 300 species of animals, many species of which are protected.Notes
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