Loire (department)
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Loire (; ; frp, Lêre; oc, Léger or ''Leir'') is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics ( physical geography), human impact characteristics ( human geography), and the interaction of humanity an ...
of
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
occupying the river
Loire The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhône ...
's upper reaches. Its prefecture is Saint-Étienne. It had a population of 765,634 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 42 Loire
INSEE


History

Loire was created in 1793 when the Rhône-et-Loire department was split into two, about 3½ years after it was created. This was a response to counter-revolutionary activities in
Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, third-largest city and Urban area (France), second-largest metropolitan area of F ...
which, by population, was the country's second largest city. By splitting Rhône-et-Loire the
government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is ...
sought to protect the
French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...
from the potential power and influence of counter revolutionary activity in the Lyon region. The departmental capitals (prefectures) throughout its history are as follows: * Feurs 1793–1795 * Montbrison 1795–1855 * Saint-Étienne since 1855


Geography

Loire is part of the current administrative region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and is surrounded by the departments of
Rhône The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Ar ...
, Isère, Ardèche,
Haute-Loire Haute-Loire (; oc, Naut Léger or ''Naut Leir''; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche, ...
,
Puy-de-Dôme Puy-de-Dôme (; oc, label=Auvergnat, lo Puèi de Doma or ''lo Puèi Domat'') is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2019, it had a population of 662,152.Allier, and Saône-et-Loire. The river Loire traverses the department from south to north. The Loire department is divided into three
arrondissement An arrondissement (, , ) is any of various administrative divisions of France, Belgium, Haiti, certain other Francophone countries, as well as the Netherlands. Europe France The 101 French departments are divided into 342 ''arrondissements ...
s: * Arrondissement of Montbrison * Arrondissement of Roanne * Arrondissement of Saint-Étienne Parts of the department belong to Parc naturel régional Livradois-Forez.


Demographics

The inhabitants of the department are called ''Ligériens''. The industrial city of Saint-Étienne with its agglomeration contains about half of the inhabitants of the department.Comparateur de territoires, Unité urbaine 2020 de Saint-Étienne (00753), Département de la Loire (42)
INSEE
Population development since 1801:


Principal towns

The most populous commune is Saint-Étienne, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants:


Politics

The president of the Departmental Council is Georges Ziegler, elected in October 2017.


Current National Assembly Representatives


Tourism

File:Tour de la Droguerie1.jpg, Saint-Étienne File:Chateau La Roche St Priest.jpg, Château de La Roche File:Chateau de Grangent.jpg, Château de Grangent File:Champdieu prieure.jpg, Champdieu File:Ste Croix en Jarez-1a Façade Sud.jpg, Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez, one of The Most Beautiful Villages of France


See also

* Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes * Cantons of the Loire department *
Communes of the Loire department The following is a list of the 323 communes of the Loire department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Arrondissements of the Loire department * Loire coal mining basin * Loire General Council


References


External links

*
Prefecture website
*
Loire Departmental Council website
{{Authority control Massif Central 1793 establishments in France Departments of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes States and territories established in 1793