The

Parthian Empire The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe in conqu ...

ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

# Vonones 12–16 (Former king of Parthia as

Vonones I Vonones I ( ''Onōnēs'' on his coins) was an Arsacid prince, who ruled as King of Kings of Parthian Empire from 8 to 12, and then subsequently as king of Armenia from 12 to 18. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV () and was sent to Rome as a h ...

) # Orodes 16–18 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia) #

Artaxias III Artaxias III, also known as Zeno-Artaxias, ( el, Άρταξίας, 13 BC–34 AD) was a Pontic prince and later a Roman Client King of Armenia. Artaxias birth name was Zenon ( el, Ζήνων). He was the first son and child born to Roman Clien ...

18–35 (From the house of Polemon) #

Arsaces I Arsaces or Arsakes (, , Graecized form of Old Persian ) is the eponymous Greek form of the dynastic name of the Parthian Empire of Iran adopted by all epigraphically attested rulers of the Arsacid dynasties. The indigenous Parthian and Armenian f ...

35 (Son of Artabanus III king of Parthia) # Orodes 35 (Again) # Mithridates I 35–37 (Son of Mithridates (IV) king of Iberia) # Orodes 37–42 (Again) # Mithridates I 42–52 (Again) # Rhadamistus 52–54 (Son of Pharasmanes (III) king of Iberia) # Tiridates I 54–60 (Son of

Vonones II Vonones II was a Parthian prince who ruled as king of Media Atropatene and briefly as king of the Parthian Empire. Vonones was not from the ruling branch of the Arsacid royal family. His father was a Dahae prince, who was most likely descended ...

king of Parthia & Medes) #

Tigranes VI Tigranes VI, also known as Tigran VI or by his Roman name Gaius Julius Tigranes ( el, Γαίος Ιούλιος Τιγράνης, before 25 – after 68) was a Herodian Prince and served as a Roman Client King of Armenia in the 1st century. H ...

60–62 (From the house of Herod) # Tiridates I 62–c. 75 (Again) # Unknown king c. 75–89 (Probably Vologases II of Parthia) # Sanatruces I 89–109 (Son of Vologases I of Parthia) # Axidares (Ashkhadar) 110–113 (Son of

Pacorus II Pacorus II (also spelled Pakoros II; ) was the King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 78 to 110. He was the son and successor of Vologases I (). During the latter part of his father's reign, Pacorus ruled the Parthian Empire along with him. ...

king of Parthia) # Parthamasiris (Partamasir) 113–114 (Son of

king of Parthia) #* Roman occupation 114–115 # Mithridates II 114–116 (Brother of Sanatruces I &

Osroes I Osroes I (also spelled Chosroes I or Khosrow I; xpr, 𐭇𐭅𐭎𐭓𐭅 ''Husrōw'') was a Parthian contender, who ruled the western portion of the Parthian Empire from 109 to 129, with a one-year interruption. For the whole of his reign he co ...

king of Parthia) # Sanatruces II 116 (Son of Mithridates II) # Vologases I from 116 (Son of Sanatruces I) # ?Achaemenes until 138/144 # Sohaemus 138/144–161 (Son of Achaemenes) # Pacorus I 161–164 (Aurelius Pacorus) # Sohaemus 164–178 (Again) # Vologases II 178–197 # Unknown king 197-215 # Khosrov I 215–216 (Son of Vologases II) #* Roman occupation 216-217 # Tiridates II 217–222 # ?Khosrov (II) 222–238 # ?Tiridates (III) 238–253 #* Sasanian occupation 253-279 # Hormozd-Ardashir 253-270 (Later king of Iran as Hormizd I son of

Shapur I Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩, Šābuhr ) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardas ...

Sassanid The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen ...

) #

Narseh Narseh (also spelled Narses or Narseus; pal, 𐭭𐭥𐭮𐭧𐭩, New Persian: , ''Narsē'') was the seventh Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 293 to 303. The youngest son of Shapur I (), Narseh served as the governor of Sakastan, Hind and ...

270-293 (Later king of Iran as

son of

) # Artavasdes VI c. 260 # Khosrov II 279–287 # Tiridates (IV) 287–298 # Tiridates III 298–330 # Pacorus II 330 (Usurper) # Khosrov III 330–338 # Tigranes VII 338–351 # Arsaces II (Arshak II) 351–367 # Papas (Pap) 367–374 # Varasdates (Varazdat) 374–378 # Vologases III 378–386 (Co-ruler with Arsaces III (Arshak III)) # Arsaces III 378–389 (Co-ruler with Vologases III then Khosrov IV) # Khosrov IV 386–392 (Co-ruler with Arsaces III & then alone) #

Vramshapuh Vramshapuh ( hy, Վռամշապուհ) was a noble of the Arsacid dynasty who served as the Sasanian client king of Armenia from 389 until his death in 414. He is mainly remembered for presiding over the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mes ...

392–414 # Khosrov IV 414–416 (Again) # Tigranes VIII 416 co-ruler with Arsaces IV # Arsaces IV 416 co-ruler with Tigranes VIII # Shapur 416–420 (Later king of Iran as

Shapur IV Shapur IV ( pal, 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 ''Šāhpuhr''), was king of Sasanian Armenia from 415 to 420, who briefly ruled the Sasanian Empire in 420. Biography Shapur IV was the son of Yazdegerd I and Shushandukht, and had two brothers name ...

son of

Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I (also spelled Yazdgerd and Yazdgird; pal, 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩) was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 399 to 420. A son of Shapur III (), he succeeded his brother Bahram IV () after the latter's assassination. Yazde ...

) #

Artaxias IV Artaxias IV or Artashir IV who is also known as Artaxias, Artashes, Artashes IV, Artashir, Ardases, Ardasir and Artases ( hy, Արտաշես, flourished 5th century) was a prince who served as a Sassanid client king of eastern Armenia from 422 u ...

422–428

Arsacids of
Media Media may refer to: Communication * Media (communication), tools used to deliver information or data Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass e ...
144 BC – 232 AD

# Vologases (Bagasha) 144–122 BCQashqai, "The successors of Mithridates II" # Arsaces 122–111 # Artaxerxes 111–97 # Artabanus 97–88 # Mithridates 88–67 # Darius 67–65 # Mithridates 65–55 # Orodes 55–50 # Pacorus 50–38 # ? Tiridates c. 30–25 # ?Mithridates 12–9 BC # ? Orodes c. 4–6 AD # Artabanus 9–12 AD #* ... # Vonones c. 45–51 # Pacorus 51–75 son of Vonones #* ... # Arsaces c. 136 AD # ?Pacorus to 163 AD #* ... # Vologases to 208 #* ... # Artabanus 213–226 # Pacorus from 226 AD son of Artabanus

Arsacids of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c .490 AD

# Vachagan I the Brave #

Vache I Vache I was the second Arsacid ruler of Caucasian Albania from approximately 336 to 350. He was succeeded by Urnayr Urnayr (attested only as Old Armenian Ուռնայր ''Uṙnayr'') was the third Arsacid king of Caucasian Albania from approximat ...

Urnayr Urnayr (attested only as Old Armenian Ուռնայր ''Uṙnayr'') was the third Arsacid king of Caucasian Albania from approximately 350 to 375. He was the successor of Vache I (). Biography The Treaty of Nisibis in 299 between the Sasanian ...

# Vachagan II # Mirhavan # Satoy # Asay #

Aswagen Aswagen (also spelled Arsvaghen and Aswahen) was the eight Arsacid king of Caucasian Albania, ruling from approximately 415 to 440. He was most likely the son of the previous Albanian king Urnayr, while his mother was a daughter of the Sasanian Ki ...

# Vache II # Vachagan III the Pious

Arsacids of
Hyrcania Hyrcania () ( el, ''Hyrkania'', Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 ''Varkâna'',Lendering (1996) Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 ''Gurgān'', Akkadian: ''Urqananu'') is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian ...
c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

# Arsaces c. 165 BC son of Phraates I # Himerus to 129 BC # Otanes c. 70 BC # Artabanus c. 9–40 AD # Gotarzes 40–51 AD

Indo-Parthians The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was a Parthian kingdom founded by Gondophares, and active from 19 CE to c. 226 CE. At their zenith, they ruled an area covering parts of eastern Iran, various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the India ...
c. 20 –c. 240 AD

* Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana)Fröhlich, 2004; Qashqai, 2017 # Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator (c. 20 BC – first years AD) # Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes (c. 20 AD – 30 AD?), brother of Gondophares I # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) # Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes, son of

Orthagnes Gondophares III Gudana (Kharosthi: 𐨒𐨂𐨡𐨥𐨪 𐨒𐨂𐨜𐨣 ', 'Gardner, Percy, ''The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum'', p. 109 Cunningham, Alexander, ''COINS OF THE INDO-SCYTHIANS.'' Th ...

Sanabares Sanabares (Greek: ϹΑΝΑΒΑΡΟΥ ''Sanabarou''; 135-160 CE) was an Indo-Parthian king.Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Coinage - Michael Mitchiner - 1976, Volumes 7 à 9 - Pages 670, 717 and 770 He was the last Indo-Parthian king to rule in both ...

Great King, son of

Ubouzanes Ubouzanes (Greek: ΥΒΟΥΖΑΝΗϹ ''Ubouzanēs'' (epigraphic)) was a ruler of the remnants of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in Arachosia in the first century CE. He was the son of Orthagnes.Christine Fröhlich.Indo-Parthian Dynasty" ''Encyclopædi ...

Abdagases II Abdagases I ( Greek: Ἀβδαγάσης, epigraphically ΑΒΔΑΓΑΣΟΥ; Kharosthi: 𐨀𐨬𐨡𐨒𐨮 ', 'Gardner, Percy, ''The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum'', p. 107-108) was an Indo-Part ...

King, son of

Pacores Pacores or Pakores (Greek: ΠΑΚΟΡΗϹ ''Pakorēs''; Kharosthi: 𐨤𐨐𐨂𐨪 ', '; Aramaic: pkwry) (100–135 AD) was a king who ruled the remnants of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in Arachosia from 100–130 AD following Ubouzanes. He was a ...

(late 1st century AD) # ? Tiridates (No coins), son of

# ? Atursasan (No coins), son of Tiridates #

Farn-Sasan Farn-Sasan was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasa ...

, son of Atursasan * Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar) # Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator (c. 20 BC – first years AD) #

Sarpedones Sarpedones, also spelled Sarpadones (Kharosthi: 𐨯𐨤𐨅𐨡𐨞 ', ') was an Indo-Parthian king. He was a lieutenant or kinsman of Gondophares, and ruled Sakastan, where he had coins minted with the title of King of Kings King of Kings; ...

Basileontos (first years AD – c. 20 AD) # Gondophares II Gadana Orthagnes Basileontos (c. 20 AD – 30 AD?) #

Abdagases I Abdagases I ( Greek: Ἀβδαγάσης, epigraphically ΑΒΔΑΓΑΣΟΥ; Kharosthi: 𐨀𐨬𐨡𐨒𐨮 ', 'Gardner, Percy, ''The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum'', p. 107-108) was an Indo-Part ...

, nephew of Gondophares I (first years AD – mid-1st century AD) #

Great king of kings, Dikaios, Soter, Nikiphoros # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) #

Great King, Soter #

King #

(late 1st century AD) * Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu # Gondophares I (c. 20 BC – first years AD) #

(first years AD – mid-1st century AD) #

# Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) # Gondophares IV Gadana Obouzanes # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) * Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan) #

# Satavastra # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) * Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara # Gondophares I (c. 20 BC – first years AD) #

Basileontos (first years AD – mid-1st century AD) #

Great king, king of kings (first years AD – mid-1st century AD) # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) * Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila #

(first years AD – mid-1st century AD) # Gondophares III Sases (mid-1st century AD) * Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram) # Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD) #

Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

Kings of
Merv Merv ( tk, Merw, ', مرو; fa, مرو, ''Marv''), also known as the Merve Oasis, formerly known as Alexandria ( grc-gre, Ἀλεξάνδρεια), Antiochia in Margiana ( grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐν τῇ Μαργιανῇ) and ...
&
Abarshahr Abarshahr (Persian:اَبَرشهر) or Nishapur (Persian:نیشاپور) was a Sasanian satrapy (province) in Late Antiquity, that lay within the kust of Khorasan. The province bordered Media in the west, Hyrcania in the north west, Margian ...
c. 10–c. 250 AD

# ? cont. with Phraates V # ? cont. with Artabanus II # ? cont. with Gotarzes II and Vardanes I # D ... c. 50 AD # Po ... cont. with Vologases I #

c. 2nd half of the 1st century AD #

c. 100 AD # ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV # ? cont. with Vologases III and Mithridates IV # Tiren cont. with Vologases IV # ? cont. with Vologases IV # Ardashir c. 200 AD # ? 1st half of the 3rd century # ? 1st half of the 3rd century # ? c. 250 AD

Kings of
Persis Persis ( grc-gre, , ''Persís''), better known in English as Persia ( Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, ''Parsa''; fa, پارس, ''Pârs''), or Persia proper, is the Fars region, located to the southwest of modern-day Iran, now a province. T ...
c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

Rulers of
Hatra Hatra ( ar, الحضر; syr, ‎ܚܛܪܐ) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. The city lies northwest of Baghdad and southwest of Mosul. Hatra was a strongly fortifi ...

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned. Other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors. They appear with two titles. The earlier rulers are called ''mry (translation uncertain, perhaps ''administrator''), the later ones ''mlk'' -''king''.

Kings of
Elymais Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Hellenic form of the more ancient name, Elam) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthian control. It was located at the head of the Persian G ...
c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

# Kamnaskires I Soter (c. 147 BC?) #

Kamnaskires II Nikephoros Kamnaskires II, surnamed Nikephoros ("the Bringer of Victory") was a king of the Elymais only known from his coins. He reigned from about 147 to 139 BC. Around 150 BC, the Seleucid empire disintegrated and at several places local governors became ...

(c 145–c. 139 BC) # Okkonapses (c. 139/138–c. 137 BC), rebel # Tigraios (c. 137–c. 132 bc), rebel # Darius Soter (c. 129 BC), rebel # Pittit (125–124 BC), rebel #

Kamnaskires III Kamnaskires III (also spelled Kammashkiri III) was the Kamnaskirid king of Elymais from 82/1 BC to 75 BC. Elymais had since 124 BC been under complete Parthian control. However, in 81/80 BC, coins of king Kamnaskires III and his wife Anzaze Anz ...

(c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Anzaze #

Anzaze Anzaze was a queen of the Elymais Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Hellenic form of the more ancient name, Elam) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthian control. It was ...

(c. 82–62/61 BC), co-ruler with Kamnaskires III #

Kamnaskires IV Kamnaskires IV was the Kamnaskirid king of Elymais Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Hellenic form of the more ancient name, Elam) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthia ...

(1st century BC) # Kamnaskires V (1st century BC) # Kamnaskires VI (1st century AD) # Orodes I (1st century) #

Orodes II Orodes II (also spelled Urud II; xpr, 𐭅𐭓𐭅𐭃 ''Wērōd''), was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 57 BC to 37 BC. He was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his elder brother Mithridates IV. The two bro ...

, also known as Kamnaskires-Orodes (1st/2nd century) # Phraates (1st/2nd century) # Osroes (2nd century) # Orodes III (2nd century), co-ruler with Ulfan # Ulfan (2nd century), co-ruler with Orodes III # Abar-Basi (2nd century) # Orodes IV (2nd/3rd century) #

Khwasak Khwasak was at the beginning of the 3rd century AD, the Satrap of Susa under the Parthian king Artabanus IV Artabanus IV, also known as Ardavan IV ( Parthian: 𐭍𐭐𐭕𐭓), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus V, was the l ...

(3rd century) # Orodes V (3rd century)

Kings of
Characene Characene (Ancient Greek: Χαρακηνή), also known as Mesene (Μεσσήνη) or Meshan, was a kingdom founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines located at the head of the Persian Gulf mostly within modern day Iraq. Its capital, Charax Spasinou (� ...
c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

# Hyspaosines c. 127–122/121 BC #

Apodakos Apodakos was a king of Characene, a kingdom presumably vassal of the Parthian Empire. Apodakos is known from his silver and bronze coins, only some of which are dated. Monika Schuol: ''Die Charakene. Ein mesopotamisches Königreich in hellenistis ...

c. 110/109-104/103 BC #

Tiraios I Tiraios I was a king from 95/94 BC to 90/89 BC of Characene, a vassal state of the Parthians . Like most kings of Characene he is known only from numismatic sources, in his case silver tetradrachms and bronze coins. His name is probably Pers ...

95/94-90/89 BC #

Tiraios II Tiraios II was a king who ruled from about 79/78 to 49/48 BC the state of Characene, a vassal state of the Parthians. Like most kings of Characene he is known only from numismatic sources, in his case his silver and bronze coins. He was also ...

79/78-49/48 BC # Artabazos 49/48-48/47 BC # Attambelos I 47/46-25/24 BC # Theonesios I c. 19/18 BC # Attambalos II c. 17/16 BC - AD 8/9 #

Abinergaos I Abinergaos I, also known as Abinerglus, was the king of Characene starting in the second decade of the Christian era. The years of his reign are not known beyond a few coins. The coins are dated to the years AD 10/11, 11/12, 13/14 and 22/23. Wh ...

10/11; 22/23 # Orabazes I c. 19 # Attambalos III c. 37/38-44/45 # Theonesios II c. 46/47 # Theonesios III c. 52/53 # Attambalos IV 54/55-64/65 # Attambalos V 64/65-73/74 # Orabazes II c. 73-80 # Pakoros (II) 80-101/02 king of Iran # Attambalos VI c. 101/02-105/06 # Theonesios IV c. 110/11-112/113 # Attambalos VII 113/14-117 # Meredates c. 131-150/51 son of Pakoros (II) king of Iran # Orabazes III c. 150/151-165 # Abinergaios II (?) c. 165-180 # Attambalos VIII c. 180-195 (?) # Maga (?) c. 195-210 # Abinergaos III c. 210-222

Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

# Aryu (132–127 BC) # Abdu bar Maz'ur (127–120 BC) # Fradhasht bar Gebar'u (120–115 BC) # Bakru I bar Fradhasht (115–112 BC) # Bakru II bar Bakru (112–94 BC) # Ma'nu I (94 BC) # Abgar I Piqa (94–68 BC) # Abgar II bar Abgar (68–52 BC) # Ma'nu II (52–34 BC) # Paqor (34–29 BC) # Abgar III (29–26 BC) # Abgar IV Sumaqa (26–23 BC) # Ma'nu III Saphul (23–4 BC) # Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu ( Abgarus of Edessa) (4 BC–7 AD) # Ma'nu IV bar Ma'nu (7–13 AD) # Abgar V Ukkama bar Ma'nu (13–50) # Ma'nu V bar Abgar (50–57) # Ma'nu VI bar Abgar (57–71) # Abgar VI bar Ma'nu (71–91) #

Sanatruk Sanatruk ( hy, Սանատրուկ, Latinized as ''Sanatruces'') was a member of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia who succeeded Tiridates I of Armenia as King of Armenia at the end of the 1st century. He was also King of Osroene (reigned 91–109 ...

(91–109) # Abgar VII bar Ezad (109–116) #* Roman interregnum 116–118 # Yalur (118–122, co-ruler with Parthamaspates) #

Parthamaspates Parthamaspates was a Parthian prince who ruled as a Roman client king in Mesopotamia, and later of Osroene during the early second century AD. He was the son of the Parthian emperor Osroes I. Biography After spending much of his life in Roman ...

(118–123) # Ma'nu VII bar Ezad (123–139) # Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (139–163) # Wa'il bar Sahru (163–165) # Ma'nu VIII bar Ma'nu (165–167) # Abgar VIII (167–177) # Abgar IX (the great) (177–212) # Abgar X Severus bar Ma'nu (212–214) # Abgar (X) Severus Bar Abgar (IX) Rabo (214–216) # Ma’nu (IX) Bar Abgar (X) Severus (216–242) # Abgar (XI) Farhat Bar Ma’nu (IX) (242–244)

Kings of
Adiabene Adiabene was an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia, corresponding to the northwestern part of ancient Assyria. The size of the kingdom varied over time; initially encompassing an area between the Zab Rivers, it eventually gained control of N ...
c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

# Abdissares (c. 164 BC) # Unknown king (c. 69 BC) # Artaxares (cont. with

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...

) # Izates I (c. 15 AD) # Bazeus Monobazus I (20?–30?) # Heleni (c. 30–58) # Izates II bar Monobazus (c. 34–58) #* Vologases (Parthian occupation opposing Izates II) (c. 50) # Monobazus II bar Monobazus (58 – middle of the 70s) #

Meharaspes Meharaspes (), also written as Mebarsapes, was the Parthian client king of Adiabene in the early 2nd century CE; he was also the last king of an independent Adiabene. He was defeated by Trajan in 116; Adiabene was incorporated into the short-live ...

(?–116) #* To the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...

(116–117) # Atwr ('tlw) (c. 150) #* To the

Sassanid Empire The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the History of Iran, last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th cen ...

Ardashir II Ardashir II ( pal, 𐭠𐭥𐭲𐭧𐭱𐭲𐭥, Ardašīr), was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 379 to 383. He was the brother of his predecessor, Shapur II (), under whom he had served as vassal king of Adiabene, where he fought along ...

(344–376)

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

# Zarbienus; early mid-1st century BC until c. 69 BC. Killed by Tigranes II. # Manisarus; ~ 115 AD: He took control over parts of Armenia and Mesopotamia, in the time of Trajan. # Ardashir; ~ 340s AD: He was against the

Christianization Christianization ( or Christianisation) is to make Christian; to imbue with Christian principles; to become Christian. It can apply to the conversion of an individual, a practice, a place or a whole society. It began in the Roman Empire, conti ...

of Corduene. # Jovinian ~ 359 ADThe Later Roman Empire: AD 354-378, Ammianus Marcellinus, Translated by Walter Hamilton, page 155, Contributor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Published 1986, Penguin Classics,

Notes and references

Bibliography

Baratin, Charlotte, "Les provinces orientales de l’empire parthe", Thèse de doctorat en Langues, histoire et civilisations des mondes anciens, Université Lumière Lyon2, 2009, V. Entre Parthes et Kushans.
* Fröhlich, C. Indo-Parthian Dynasty. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. Xiii, Fasc. 1: 100–103, 2004.
Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews.
* Pakzadian, Hasan. "The Coins of Elymais", Tehran, 2007. (in Persian)

* ttps://www.academia.edu/attachments/55362247/download_file?st=MTUxNDExOTI3OSw1LjIxMS4xMzEuNjksMTU0OTU0OTY%3D&s=profile Qashqai, Hamidreza. "Indo-Parthian descendants in the Sasanian era", 2017.* The Cambridge History of Iran (CHI), vol. 3(I), THE SELEUCID, PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN PERIODS, Cambridge University Press, 1983. * The Cambridge History of Iran (CHI), vol. 3(II), THE SELEUCID, PARTHIAN AND SASANIAN PERIODS, Cambridge University Press, 1983. * Wiesehöfer, Josef, "ANCIENT PERSIA from 550 BC to 650 AD", tr. by Azizeh Azodi, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London, 1996.
www.parthia.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:List of Kings of Persia Iran history-related lists

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

* 1st-century BC rulers in Asia 1st-century BC rulers in Europe Vassal rulers of the Parthian Empire

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

Arsacids of Media Media may refer to: Communication * Media (communication), tools used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Broadcast media, communications delivered over mass e ... 144 BC – 232 AD

Arsacids of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c .490 AD

Arsacids of Hyrcania Hyrcania () ( el, ''Hyrkania'', Old Persian: 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐎠𐎴 ''Varkâna'',Lendering (1996) Middle Persian: 𐭢𐭥𐭫𐭢𐭠𐭭 ''Gurgān'', Akkadian: ''Urqananu'') is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian ... c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

Indo-Parthians The Indo-Parthian Kingdom was a Parthian kingdom founded by Gondophares, and active from 19 CE to c. 226 CE. At their zenith, they ruled an area covering parts of eastern Iran, various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the India ... c. 20 –c. 240 AD

Kings of Persis Persis ( grc-gre, , ''Persís''), better known in English as Persia ( Old Persian: 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿, ''Parsa''; fa, پارس, ''Pârs''), or Persia proper, is the Fars region, located to the southwest of modern-day Iran, now a province. T ... c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

Rulers of Hatra Hatra ( ar, الحضر; syr, ‎ܚܛܪܐ) was an ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia located in present-day eastern Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq. The city lies northwest of Baghdad and southwest of Mosul. Hatra was a strongly fortifi ...

Kings of Elymais Elymais or Elamais (Ἐλυμαΐς, Hellenic form of the more ancient name, Elam) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under Parthian control. It was located at the head of the Persian G ... c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

Kings of Characene Characene (Ancient Greek: Χαρακηνή), also known as Mesene (Μεσσήνη) or Meshan, was a kingdom founded by the Iranian Hyspaosines located at the head of the Persian Gulf mostly within modern day Iraq. Its capital, Charax Spasinou (� ... c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD